Intestinal epithelial defense systems protect against bacterial threats

Current Gastroenterology Reports

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 355-361

  Hurley, Bryan P ^a   McCormick, Beth A ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CD14 ANTIGEN; CELL RECEPTOR; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HEPOXILIN A; ICOSANOID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; LIPID; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BINDING PROTEIN; LIPOXIN; LIPOXIN A; LIPOXYGENASE; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROTEIN KINASE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

BACTERIAL INFECTION; CELL MEMBRANE; CROHN DISEASE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOPLASM; DENDRITIC CELL; EFFECTOR CELL; ENTERITIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOREGULATION; INTESTINE EPITHELIUM CELL; INTESTINE INFECTION; MACROPHAGE; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN SECRETION; REVIEW; SALMONELLA; SHIGELLA; SPECIES INVASION; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 8344272836     PISSN: 15228037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-004-0050-1     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Didierlaurent A, Sirard JC, Kraehenbuhl JP, Neutra MR: How the gut senses its content. Cell Microbiol 2002, 4:61-72.
2. Yuan Q, Walker WA: Innate immunity of the gut: mucosal defense in health and disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004, 38:463-473.
3. Carneiro LA, Travassos LH, Philpott DJ: Innate immune recognition of microbes through Nod1 and Nod2: implications for disease. Microbes Infect 2004, 6:609-616.
4. Backhed F, Hornef M: Toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling by epithelial surfaces: necessity or threat? Microbes Infect 2003, 5:951-959.
5. Haller D, Jobin C: Interaction between resident luminal bacteria and the host: can a healthy relationship turn sour? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004, 38:123-136.
6. Resta-Lenert S, Barrett KE: Enteroinvasive bacteria alter barrier and transport properties of human intestinal epithelium: role of iNOS and COX-2. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:1070-1087.
7. Kucharzik T, Gewirtz AT, Merlin D, et al.: Lateral membrane LXA4 receptors mediate LXA4's anti-inflammatory actions on intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003, 284: 888-C896
8. Mrsny RJ, Gewirtz AT, Siccardi D, et al.: Identification of hepoxilin A3 in inflammatory events: a required role in neutrophil migration across intestinal epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:7421-7426.
9. Gewirtz AT, Navas TA, Lyons S, et al.: Cutting edge: bacterial flagellin, activates basolaterally expressed TLR5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression. J Immunol 2001, 167:1882-1885.
10. Rachmilewitz D, Katakura K, Karmeli F, et al.: Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 2004, 126:520-528.
11. Miyake K: Innate recognition of lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2. Trends Microbiol 2004, 12: 86-192.
12. Cario E, Podolsky DK: Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun 2000, 68: 010-7017.
13. Naik S, Kelly EJ, Meijer L, et al.: Absence of Toll-like receptor 4 explains endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in human intestinal epithelium. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001, 32: 49-453.
14. Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, et al.: Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing Toll-like receptors. J Immunol 2000, 164:966-972.
15. Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, et al.: Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 2001, 167:1609-1616.
16. Funda DP, Tuckova L, Farre MA, et al.: CD14 is expressed and released as soluble CD14 by human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro: lipopolysaccharide activation of epithelial cells revisited. Infect Immun 2001, 69:3772-3781.
17. Podolsky DK: Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:417-429.
18. Abreu MT, Arnold ET, Thomas LS, et al.: TLR4 and MD-2 expression is regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2002, 277: 0431-20437.
19. Suzuki M, Hisamatsu. T, Podolsky DK: Gamma interferon augments the intracellular pathway for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition in human intestinal epithelial cells through coordinated up-regulation of LPS uptake and expression of the intracellular Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2 complex. Infect Immun 2003, 71:3503-3511.
20. Hornef MW, Frisan T, Vandewalle A, et al.: Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2002, 195:559-570.
21. Hornef MW, Normark BH, Vandewalle A, Normark S: Intracellular recognition of lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like receptor 4 in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2003, 198: 225-1235.
22. Ortega-Cava CF, Ishihara S, Rumi MA, et al.: Strategic compartmentalization of Toll-like receptor 4 in the mouse gut. J Immunol 2003, 170:3977-3985.
23. Otte JM, Cario E, Podolsky DK: Mechanisms of cross hyporesponsiveness to Toll-like receptor bacterial ligands in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2004, 126:1054-1070.
24. Yu Y, Zeng H, Lyons S, et al.: TLR5-mediated activation of p38 MAPK regulates epithelial IL-8 expression via posttranscriptional mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003, 285:G282-G290.
25. Melmed G, Thomas LS, Lee N, et al.: Human intestinal epithelial cells are broadly unresponsive to Toll-like receptor 2-dependent bacterial ligands: implications for host-microbial interactions in the gut. J Immunol 2003, 170:1406-1415.
26. Girardin SE, Boneca IG, Cameiro LA, et al.: Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan. Science 2003, 300:1584-1587.
27. Chamaillard M, Hashimoto M, Horie Y, et al.: An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid. Nat Immunol 2003, 4: 02-707.
28. Hisamatsu T, Suzuki M, Podolsky DK: Interferon-gamma augments CARD4/NOD1 gene and protein expression through interferon regulatory factor-1 in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:32962-32968.
29. Rosenstiel P, Fantini M, Brautigam K, et al.: TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma regulate the expression of the NOD2 (CARD15) gene in human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2003, 124:1001-1009.
30. Hisamatsu T, Suzuki M, Reinecker HC, et al.: CARD15/NOD2 functions as an antibacterial factor in human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2003, 124:993-1000.
31. Lala S, Ogura Y, Osborne C, et al.: Crohn's disease and the NOD2 gene: a role for Paneth cells. Gastroenterology 2003, 125:47-57.
32. Ogura Y, Lala S, Xin W, et al.: Expression of NOD2 in Paneth cells: a possible link to Crohn's ileitis. Gut 2003, 52:1591-1597.
33. Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, et al.: A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001, 411:603-606.
34. McCormick BA, Hofman PM, Kim J, et al.: Surface attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to intestinal epithelia imprints the subepithelial matrix with gradients chemotactic for neutrophils. J Cell Biol 1995, 131:1599-1608.
35. Eckmann L, Jung HC, Schurer-Maly C, et al.: Differential cytokine expression by human intestinal epithelial cell lines: regulated expression of interleukin 8. Gastroenterology 1993, 105:1689-1697.
36. Zhang S, Adams LG, Nunes J, et al.: Secreted effector proteins of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium elicit host-specific chemokine profiles in animal models of typhoid fever and enterocolitis. Infect Immun 2003, 71:4795-4803.
37. Eckmann L, Kagnoff MF: Cytokines in host defense against Salmonella. Microbes Infect 2001, 3:1191-1200.
38. Maaser C, Eckmann L, Paesold G, et al.: Ubiquitous production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by human gastric and intestinal epithelium. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:667-680.
39. Niedergang F, Didierlaurent A, Kraehenbuhl JP, Sirard JC: Dendritic cells: the host Achille's heel for mucosal pathogens? Trends Microbiol 2004, 12:79-88.
40. Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, et al.: Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat Immunol 2001, 2: 61-367.
41. Sierro F, Dubois B, Coste A, et al.: Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:13722-13727.
42. Weiss SJ: Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:365-376.
43. Bertelsen LS, Paesold G, Eckmann L, Barrett KE: Salmonella infection induces a hypersecretory phenotype in human intestinal xenografts by inducing cyclooxygenase 2. Infect Immun 2003, 71:2102-2109.
44. Diaz BL, Arm JP: Phospholipase A(2). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003, 69:87-97.
45. Sutherland M, Schewe T, Nigam S: Biological actions of the free acid of hepoxilin A3 on human neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2000, 59:435-440.
46. Pace-Asciak CR, Reynaud D, Demin P, Nigam S: The hepoxilins: a review. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999, 447:123-132.
47. Shannon VR, Stenson WF, Holtzman MJ: Induction of epithelial arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase at active sites of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol 1993, 264:G104-G111.
48. Silva M, Song C, Nadeau WJ, et al.: Salmonella typhimurium SipA-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration: involvement of a PKC-alpha-dependent signal transduction pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004, 286:G1024-G1031.
49. Lee CA, Silva M, Siber AM, et al.: A secreted Salmonella protein induces a proinflammatory response in epithelial cells, which promotes neutrophil migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:12283-12288.
50. McCormick BA, Siber AM, Maurelli AT: Requirement of the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid in the ability to induce trafficking of neutrophils across polarized monolayers of the intestinal epithelium. Infect Immun 1998, 66:4237-4243.
51. Savkovic SD, Koutsouris A, Hecht G: Attachment of a non-invasive enteric pathogen, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, to cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers induces transmigration of neutrophils. Infect Immun 1996, 64:4480-4487.
52. Hurley BP, Thorpe CM, Acheson DW: Shiga toxin translocation across intestinal epithelial cells is enhanced by neutrophil transmigration. Infect Immun 2001, 69: 148-6155.
53. Otte JM, Kiehne K, Herzig KH: Antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity of the human intestine. J Gastroenterol 2003, 38:717-726.