ESR1 in myocardial infarction

Clinica Chimica Acta

Volumn 413, Issue 1-2, 2012, Pages 81-87

  Puzianowska Kuznicka, Monika ^a,b  

^a MOSSAKOWSKI MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Poland)

^b MEDICAL CENTER FOR POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION   (Poland)

Author keywords

17 Estradiol (E2); Cardioprotection; Estrogen receptor (ER ); Estrogen receptor gene (ESR1); Expression; Polymorphism

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; ESTROGEN ACTIVITY; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART DILATATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 82955235623     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: 18733492     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.10.028     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Teriokhin A.T., Budilova E.V., Thomas F., Guegan J.F. Worldwide variation in life-span sexual dimorphism and sex-specific environmental mortality rates. Hum Biol 2004, 76:623-641.
2. Perrig-Chiello P., Hutchinson S. Health and well-being in old age: the pertinence of a gender mainstreaming approach in research. Gerontology 2010, 56:208-213.
3. Martelin T., Mäkelä P., Valkonen T. Contribution of deaths related to alcohol or smoking to the gender difference in life expectancy: Finland in the early 1990s. Eur J Public Health 2004, 14:422-427.
4. Pinkhasov R.M., Wong J., Kashanian J., et al. Are men shortchanged on health? Perspective on health care utilization and health risk behavior in men and women in the United States. Int J Clin Pract 2010, 64:475-487.
5. Passarino G., Calignano C., Vallone A., et al. Male/female ratio in centenarians: a possible role played by population genetic structure. Exp Gerontol 2002, 37:1283-1289.
6. Eskes T., Haanen C. Why do women live longer than men?. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007, 133:126-133.
7. Gorman G.K., Read J.G. Why men die younger than women. Geriatr Aging 2007, 10:182-191.
8. Mossakowska M., Barcikowska M., Broczek K., et al. Polish Centenarians Programme. Multidisciplinary studies of successful ageing: aims, methods, and preliminary results. Exp Gerontol 2008, 43:238-244.
9. Kannel W.B. The Framingham Study: historical insight on the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in men versus women. J Gend Specif Med 2002, 5:27-37.
10. Viña J., Borrás C., Gambini J., Sastre J., Pallardó F.V. Why females live longer than males: control of longevity by sex hormones. Sci Aging Knowl Environ 2005, 23:pe17.
11. Chen J.Q., Cammarata P.R., Baines C.P., Yager J.D. Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis by estrogens/estrogen receptors and physiological, pathological and pharmacological implications. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009, 1793:1540-1570.
12. Murphy E., Steenbergen C. Cardioprotection in females: a role for nitric oxide and altered gene expression. Heart Fail Rev 2007, 12:293-300.
13. Simpson E.R. Sources of estrogen and their importance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003, 86:225-230.
14. Cornil C.A. Rapid regulation of brain oestrogen synthesis: the behavioural roles of oestrogens and their fates. J Neuroendocrinol 2009, 21:217-226.
15. Toft D., Gorski J. A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966, 55:1574-1581.
16. Walter P., Green S., Greene G., et al. Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985, 82:7889-7893.
17. Mosselman S., Polman J., Dijkema R. ERβ: identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor. FEBS Lett 1996, 392:49-53.
18. Gosden J.R., Middleton P.G., Rout D. Localization of the human oestrogen receptor gene to chromosome 6q24-q27 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1986, 43:218-220.
19. Enmark E., Pelto-Huikko M., Grandien K., et al. Human estrogen receptor β - gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:4258-4265.
20. Matthews J., Gustafsson J.A. Estrogen signaling: a subtle balance between ERα and 295 ERβ. Mol Interv 2003, 3:281-292.
21. Pike A.C. Lessons learnt from structural studies of the oestrogen receptor. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 20:1-14.
22. Skafar D.F., Zhao C. The multifunctional estrogen receptor-α F domain. Endocrine 2008, 33:1-8.
23. Robyr D., Wolffe A.P., Wahli W. Nuclear hormone receptor coregulators in action: diversity for shared tasks. Mol Endocrinol 2000, 14:329-347.
24. Klinge C.M., Jernigan S.C., Mattingly K.A., Risinger K.E., Zhang J. Estrogen response element-dependent regulation of transcriptional activation of estrogen receptors α and β by coactivators and corepressors. J Mol Endocrinol 2004, 33:387-410.
25. Jakacka M., Ito M., Weiss J., Chien P.Y., Gehm B.D., Jameson J.L. Estrogen receptor binding to DNA is not required for its activity through the nonclassical AP1 pathway. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:13615-13621.
26. Cvoro A., Tzagarakis-Foster C., Tatomer D., Paruthiyil S., Fox M.S., Leitman D.C. Distinct roles of unliganded and liganded estrogen receptors in transcriptional repression. Mol Cell 2006, 21:555-564.
27. Safe S., Kim K. Non-classical genomic estrogen receptor (ER)/specificity protein and ER/activating protein-1 signaling pathways. J Mol Endocrinol 2008, 41:263-375.
28. Li L., Haynes M.P., Bender J.R. Plasma membrane localization and function of the estrogen receptor alpha variant (ER46) in human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:4807-4812.
29. Acconcia F., Kumar R. Signaling regulation of genomic and nongenomic functions of estrogen receptors. Cancer Lett 2006, 238:1-14.
30. Kumar P., Wu Q., Chambliss K.L., et al. Direct interactions with Gαi and Gβγ mediate nongenomic signaling by estrogen receptor α. Mol Endocrinol 2007, 21:1370-1380.
31. Vivacqua A., Bonofiglio D., Recchia A.G., et al. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 mediates the proliferative effects induced by 17β-estradiol and hydroxytamoxifen in endometrial cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2006, 20:631-646.
32. Levin E.R. G protein-coupled receptor 30: estrogen receptor or collaborator?. Endocrinology 2009, 150:1563-1565.
33. Chen J.Q., Delannoy M., Cooke C., Yager J.D. Mitochondrial localization of ERα and ERβ in human MCF7 cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004, 286:E1011-E1022.
34. Stirone C., Duckles S.P., Krause D.N., Procaccio V. Estrogen increases mitochondrial efficiency and reduces oxidative stress in cerebral blood vessels. Mol Pharmacol 2005, 68:959-965.
35. Chen Q., Williams R., Healy C.L., Wright C.D., Wu S.C., O'Connell T.D. An association between gene expression and better survival in female mice following myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010, 49:801-811.
36. van Eickels M., Patten R.D., Aronovitz M.J., et al. 17-β-Estradiol increases cardiac remodeling and mortality in mice with myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:2084-2092.
37. Booth E.A., Marchesi M., Kilbourne E.J., Lucchesi B.R. 17β-Estradiol as a receptor-mediated cardioprotective agent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003, 307:395-401.
38. Sbarouni E., Iliodromitis E.K., Bofilis E., Kyriakides Z.S., Kremastinos D.T. Estrogen alone or combined with medroxyprogesterone but not raloxifene reduce myocardial infarct size. Eur J Pharmacol 2003, 467:163-168.
39. Cavasin M.A., Sankey S.S., Yu A.L., Menon S., Yang X.P. Estrogen and testosterone have opposing effects on chronic cardiac remodeling and function in mice with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003, 284:H1560-H1569.
40. Beer S., Reincke M., Kral M., et al. High-dose 17β-estradiol treatment prevents development of heart failure post-myocardial infarction in the rat. Basic Res Cardiol 2007, 102:9-18.
41. Chung M.T., Cheng P.Y., Lam K.K., et al. Cardioprotective effects of long-term treatment with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats. Menopause 2010, 17:127-134.
42. Wang W., Tsai B.M., Reiger K.M., Brown J.W., Meldrum D.R. 17-β-Estradiol decreases p38 MAPK-mediated myocardial inflammation and dysfunction following acute ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006, 40:205-212.
43. Zhan E., Keimig T., Xu J., et al. Dose-dependent cardiac effect of oestrogen replacement in mice post-myocardial infarction. Exp Physiol 2008, 93:982-993.
44. Nuedling S., Kahlert S., Loebbert K., et al. 17β-Estradiol stimulates expression of endothelial and inducible NO synthase in rat myocardium in-vitro and in-vivo. Cardiovasc Res 1999, 43:666-674.
45. Figtree G.A., McDonald D., Watkins H., Channon K.M. Truncated estrogen receptor α 46-kDa isoform in human endothelial cells: relationship to acute activation of nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 2003, 107:120-126.
46. McHugh N.A., Merrill G.F., Powell S.R. Estrogen diminishes postischemic hydroxyl radical production. Am J Physiol 1998, 274:H1950-H1954.
47. O'Lone R., Knorr K., Jaffe I.Z., et al. Estrogen receptors α and β mediate distinct pathways of vascular gene expression, including genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport and generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Endocrinol 2007, 21:1281-1296.
48. Dubey R.K., Gillespie D.G., Jackson E.K., Keller P.J. 17β-Estradiol, its metabolites, and progesterone inhibit cardiac fibroblast growth. Hypertension 1998, 31:522-528.
49. Patten R.D., Pourati I., Aronovitz M.J., et al. 17β-Estradiol reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via activation of phospho-inositide-3 kinase/Akt signaling. Circ Res 2004, 95:692-699.
50. Chen Y., Jin X., Zeng Z., Liu W., Wang B., Wang H. Estrogen-replacement therapy promotes angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction by enhancing SDF-1 and estrogen receptor expression. Microvasc Res 2009, 77:71-77.
51. Iwakura A., Shastry S., Luedemann C., et al. Estradiol enhances recovery after myocardial infarction by augmenting incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells into sites of ischemia-induced neovascularization via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Circulation 2006, 113:1605-1614.
52. Smith P.J., Ornatsky O., Stewart D.J., et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on infarct size, cardiac remodeling, and the endothelin system after myocardial infarction in ovariectomized rats. Circulation 2000, 102:2983-2989.
53. Ropero A.B., Eghbali M., Minosyan T.Y., Tang G., Toro L., Stefani E. Heart estrogen receptor α: distinct membrane and nuclear distribution patterns and regulation by estrogen. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006, 41:496-510.
54. Grohé C., Kahlert S., Löbbert K., et al. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts contain functional estrogen receptors. FEBS Lett 1997, 416:107-112.
55. Jankowski M., Rachelska G., Donghao W., McCann S.M., Gutkowska J. Estrogen receptors activate atrial natriuretic peptide in the rat heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:11765-11770.
56. Novotny J.L., Simpson A.M., Tomicek N.J., Lancaster T.S., Korzick D.H. Rapid estrogen receptor-α activation improves ischemic tolerance in aged female rats through a novel protein kinase Cε-dependent mechanism. Endocrinology 2009, 150:889-896.
57. Vornehm N.D., Wang M., Abarbanell A., et al. Acute postischemic treatment with estrogen receptor-α agonist or estrogen receptor-β agonist improves myocardial recovery. Surgery 2009, 146:145-154.
58. Booth E.A., Obeid N.R., Lucchesi B.R. Activation of estrogen receptor-α protects the in vivo rabbit heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005, 289:H2039-H2047.
59. Zhai P., Eurell T.E., Cooke P.S., Lubahn D.B., Gross D.R. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in estrogen receptor-α knockout and wild-type mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 278:H1640-H1647.
60. Zhai P., Eurell T.E., Cotthaus R., Jeffery E.H., Bahr J.M., Gross D.R. Effect of estrogen on global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 279:H2766-H2775.
61. Wang M., Crisostomo P., Wairiuko G.M., Meldrum D.R. Estrogen receptor-α mediates acute myocardial protection in females. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006, 290:H2204-H2209.
62. Babiker F.A., Lips D.J., Delvaux E., et al. Oestrogen modulates cardiac ischaemic remodelling through oestrogen receptor-specific mechanisms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007, 189:23-31.
63. Korte T., Fuchs M., Arkudas A., et al. Female mice lacking estrogen receptor β display prolonged ventricular repolarization and reduced ventricular automaticity after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2005, 111:2282-2290.
64. Favre J., Gao J., Henry J.P., et al. Endothelial estrogen receptor α plays an essential role in the coronary and myocardial protective effects of estradiol in ischemia/reperfusion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010, 30:2562-2567.
65. Traupe T., Stettler C.D., Li H., et al. Distinct roles of estrogen receptors α and β mediating acute vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries. Hypertension 2007, 49:1364-1370.
66. Bolego C., Rossoni G., Fadini G.P., et al. Selective estrogen receptor-α agonist provides widespread heart and vascular protection with enhanced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in the absence of uterotrophic action. FASEB J 2010, 24:2262-2272.
67. Arias-Loza P.A., Hu K., Dienesch C., et al. Both estrogen receptor subtypes, α and β, attenuate cardiovascular remodeling in aldosterone salt-treated rats. Hypertension 2007, 50:432-438.
68. Jesmin S., Mowa C.N., Sultana S.N., et al. VEGF signaling is disrupted in the hearts of mice lacking estrogen receptor α. Eur J Pharmacol 2010, 641:168-178.
69. Xue B., Pamidimukkala J., Lubahn D.B., Hay M. Estrogen receptor-α mediates estrogen protection from angiotensin II-induced hypertension in conscious female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007, 292:H1770-H1776.
70. Brinckmann M., Kaschina E., Altarche-Xifró W., et al. Estrogen receptor α supports cardiomyocytes indirectly through post-infarct cardiac c-kit+ cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009, 47:66-75.
71. Liu C.J., Lo J.F., Kuo C.H., et al. Akt mediates 17β-estradiol and/or estrogen receptor-α inhibition of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α expression and myocardial cell apoptosis by suppressing the JNK1/2-NFκB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2009, 13:3655-3667.
72. Liu H., Pedram A., Kim J.K. Oestrogen prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing p38α-mediated activation of p53 and by down-regulating p53 inhibition on p38β. Cardiovasc Res 2011, 89:119-128.
73. Wang F., He Q., Sun Y., Dai X., Yang X.P. Female adult mouse cardiomyocytes are protected against oxidative stress. Hypertension 2010, 55:1172-1178.
74. Pelzer T., Neumann M., de Jager T., Jazbutyte V., Neyses L. Estrogen effects in the myocardium: inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding by estrogen receptor-α and -β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001, 286:1153-1157.
75. Jeanes H.L., Tabor C., Black D., Ederveen A., Gray G.A. Oestrogen-mediated cardioprotection following ischaemia and reperfusion is mimicked by an oestrogen receptor ERα agonist and unaffected by an ERβ antagonist. J Endocrinol 2008, 197:493-501.
76. Geraldes P., Gagnon S., Hadjadj S., et al. Estradiol blocks the induction of CD40 and CD40L expression on endothelial cells and prevents neutrophil adhesion: an ERα-mediated pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2006, 71:566-573.
77. Mori M., Tsukahara F., Yoshioka T., Irie K., Ohta H. Suppression by 17β-estradiol of monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is mediated by estrogen receptors. Life Sci 2004, 75:599-609.
78. Hamada H., Kim M.K., Iwakura A., et al. Estrogen receptors α and β mediate contribution of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells to functional recovery after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006, 114:2261-2270.
79. Broberg A.M., Siddiqui A.J., Fischer H., et al. Estrogen receptors do not influence angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Scand Cardiovasc J 2011, 45:215-222.
80. Geraldes P., Sirois M.G., Tanguay J.F. Specific contribution of estrogen receptors on mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and vascular cell activation. Circ Res 2003, 93:399-405.
81. Watanabe T., Akishita M., He H., et al. 17β-Estradiol inhibits cardiac fibroblast growth through both subtypes of estrogen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 311:454-459.
82. Silander K., Alanne M., Kristiansson K., et al. Gender differences in genetic risk profiles for cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2008, 3:e3615.
83. Sator M.O., Joura E.A., Gruber D.M., et al. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on carotid arteries: measurement with a high frequency ultrasound system. Maturitas 1998, 30:63-68.
84. Takahashi K., Tanaka E., Murakami M., et al. Long-term hormone replacement therapy delays the age related progression of carotid intima-media thickness in healthy postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2004, 49:170-177.
85. Manson J.E., Allison M.A., Rossouw J.E., et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary artery calcification. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:2591-2602.
86. Shlipak M.G., Angeja B.G., Go A.S., Frederick P.D., Canto J.G., Grady D. Hormone therapy and in-hospital survival after myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2001, 104:2300-2304.
87. Hedblad B., Merlo J., Manjer J., Engström G., Berglund G., Janzon L. Incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer and death in postmenopausal women affirming use of hormone replacement therapy. Scand J Public Health 2002, 30:12-19.
88. Rossouw J.E., Anderson G.L., Prentice R.L., et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002, 288:321-333.
89. Salpeter S.R., Walsh J.M., Greyber E., Salpeter E.E. Brief report: coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2006, 21:363-366.
90. Rossouw J.E., Prentice R.L., Manson J.E., et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007, 297:1465-1477.
91. Fleg J.L., Strait J. Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure and function: a fertile milieu for future disease. Heart Fail Rev 2011, [Electronic publication ahead of print]. 10.1007/s10741-011-9270-2.
92. Post W.S., Goldschmidt-Clermont P.J., Wilhide C.C., et al. Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res 1999, 43:985-991.
93. Xu Y., Arenas I.A., Armstrong S.J., Davidge S.T. Estrogen modulation of left ventricular remodeling in the aged heart. Cardiovasc Res 2003, 57:388-394.
94. Jazbutyte V., Hu K., Kruchten P., et al. Aging reduces the efficacy of estrogen substitution to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2006, 48:579-586.
95. Reis S.E., Costantino J.P., Wickerham D.L., Tan-Chiu E., Wang J., Kavanah M. Cardiovascular effects of tamoxifen in women with and without heart disease: breast cancer prevention trial. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Investigators. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001, 93:16-21.
96. Collins P., Mosca L., Geiger M.J., et al. Effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene on coronary outcomes in the Raloxifene Use for The Heart trial: results of subgroup analyses by age and other factors. Circulation 2009, 119:922-930.
97. Gabriel S.R., Carmona L., Roque M., Sánchez G.L., Bonfill X. Hormone replacement therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, 2:CD002229.
98. Cho L., Mukherjee D. Hormone replacement therapy and secondary cardiovascular prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Cardiology 2005, 104:143-147.
99. Smith E.P., Boyd J., Frank G.R., et al. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:1056-1061.
100. Sudhir K., Chou T.M., Chatterjee K., et al. Premature coronary artery disease associated with a disruptive mutation in the estrogen receptor gene in a man. Circulation 1997, 96:3774-3777.
101. Sudhir K., Chou T.M., Messina L.M., et al. Endothelial dysfunction in a man with disruptive mutation in oestrogen-receptor gene. Lancet 1997, 349:1146-1147.
102. Herrington D.M., Howard T.D., Brosnihan K.B., et al. Common estrogen receptor polymorphism augments effects of hormone replacement therapy on E-selectin but not C-reactive protein. Circulation 2002, 105:1879-1882.
103. Henttonen A.T., Kortelainen M.L., Kunnas T.A., Nikkari S.T. Estrogen receptor-1 genotype is related to coronary intima thickness in young to middle-aged women. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2007, 67:380-386.
104. Lehtimäki T., Kunnas T.A., Mattila K.M., et al. Coronary artery wall atherosclerosis in relation to the estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphism: an autopsy study. J Mol Med (Berl) 2002, 80:176-180.
105. Yilmaz A., Menevse S., Erkan A.F., et al. The relationship of the ESR1 gene polymorphisms with the presence of coronary artery disease determined by coronary angiography. Genet Test 2007, 11:367-371.
106. Boroumand M., Ghaedi M., Mohammadtaghvaei N., et al. Association of estrogen receptor α gene polymorphism with the presence of coronary artery disease documented by coronary angiography. Clin Biochem 2009, 42:835-839.
107. Shearman A.M., Cooper J.A., Kotwinski P.J., et al. Estrogen receptor α gene variation is associated with risk of myocardial infarction in more than seven thousand men from five cohorts. Circ Res 2006, 98:590-592.
108. Kunnas T., Silander K., Karvanen J., Valkeapää M., Salomaa V., Nikkari S. ESR1 genetic variants, haplotypes and the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in the Finnish population: a prospective follow-up study. Atherosclerosis 2010, 211:200-202.
109. Koch W., Hoppmann P., Pfeufer A., Mueller J.C., Schömig A., Kastrati A. No replication of association between estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to myocardial infarction in a large sample of patients of European descent. Circulation 2005, 112:2138-2142.
110. Kjaergaard A.D., Ellervik C., Tybjaerg-Hansen A., et al. Estrogen receptor α polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hip fracture: cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies and a meta-analysis. Circulation 2007, 115:861-871.
111. Lluís-Ganella C., Lucas G., Subirana I., et al. Qualitative assessment of previous evidence and an updated meta-analysis confirms lack of association between the ESR1 rs2234693 (PvuII) variant and coronary heart disease in men and women. Atherosclerosis 2009, 207:480-486.
112. Roszkowska-Gancarz M., Kurylowicz A., Polosak J., Ambroziak M., Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. The -351A/G polymorphism of ESR1 is associated with risk of myocardial infarction but not with extreme longevity. Clin Chim Acta 2010, 411:1883-1887.
113. Schuit S.C., Oei H.H., Witteman J.C., et al. Estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 2004, 291:2969-2977.
114. Lawlor D.A., Timpson N., Ebrahim S., Day I.N., Smith G.D. The association of oestrogen receptor α haplotypes with cardiovascular risk factors in the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Eur Heart J 2006, 27:1597-1604.
115. Koretz R.L. Is statistical significance always significant?. Nutr Clin Pract 2005, 20:303-307.
116. Hopewell S., Loudon K., Clarke M.J., Oxman A.D., Dickersin K. Publication bias in clinical trials due to statistical significance or direction of trial results. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, 1:MR000006.
117. Nordmeyer J., Eder S., Mahmoodzadeh S., et al. Upregulation of myocardial estrogen receptors in human aortic stenosis. Circulation 2004, 110:3270-3275.
118. Leibetseder V., Humpeler S., Zuckermann A., et al. Time dependence of estrogen receptor expression in human hearts. Biomed Pharmacother 2010, 64:154-159.
119. Reid G., Denger S., Kos M., Gannon F. Human estrogen receptor-α: regulation by synthesis, modification and degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002, 59:821-831.
120. Grohé C., Kahlert S., Löbbert K., Vetter H. Expression of oestrogen receptor α and β in rat heart: role of local oestrogen synthesis. J Endocrinol 1998, 156:R1-R7.