An investigation of the social identity model of collective action and the 'sedative' effect of intergroup contact among Black and White students in South Africa

British Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 606-627

  Cakal, Huseyin ^a   Hewstone, Miles ^a   Schwär, Gerhard ^b   Heath, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; COOPERATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; NEGRO; POLICY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; POLICY; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 82455217425     PISSN: 01446665     EISSN: 20448309     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02075.x     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modelling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423. doi:.
3. Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
4. Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 75-78. doi:.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
6. Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 815-824. doi:.
7. Brewer, M. (2008). Deprovincialization: Social identity complexity and out-group acceptance. In U. Wagner, L. Tropp, G. Finchilescu, & C. Tredoux (Eds.), Emerging research directions for improving intergroup relations: Building on the legacy of Thomas F. Pettigrew (pp. 160-176). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
8. Brown, R., & Hewstone, M. (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 37, pp. 255-343). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
9. Christ, O., Hewstone, M., Tausch, N., Wagner, U., Voci, A., Hughes, J., Cairns, E. (2010). Direct contact as a moderator of extended contact effects: Cross-sectional and longitudinal impact on outgroup attitudes, behavioral intentions, and attitude certainty. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 1662-1674. doi:.
10. de la Sablonnière, R., Tougas, F., & Perenlei, O. (2010). Beyond social and temporal comparisons: The role of temporal inter-group comparisons in the context of dramatic social change in Mongolia. Journal of Social Psychology, 150, 98-115. doi:.
11. Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., Tredoux, C. G., Tropp, C. R., Clack, B., & Eaton, L. T. (2010a). A paradox of integration? Interracial contact, prejudice reduction, and perceptions of racial discrimination. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 401-416. doi:.
12. Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., Tredoux, C. G., Tropp, L. R., Clack, B., Eaton, L., & Quayle, M. D. (2010b). Challenging the stubborn core of opposition to equality: Racial contact and policy Attitudes. Political Psychology, 31(6), 831-855. doi:.
13. Dixon, J., Tropp, L., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2010). ''Let Them Eat Harmony'': Prejudice reduction strategies and attitudes of historically disadvantaged groups. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 76-80. doi:.
14. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Kawakami, K. (2003). The contact hypothesis: The past, present, and the future. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6, 5-21. doi:.
15. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Saguy, T. (2009). Commonality and the complexity of "we": Social attitudes and social change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13, 3-20. doi:.
16. Drury, J., & Reicher, S. D. (2009). Collective psychological empowerment as a model of social change: Researching crowds and power. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 707-725. doi:.
17. Durrheim, K., Dixon, J. A., Tredoux, C. G., Eaton, L., Quayle, M., & Clack, B. (2009). Predicting support for racial transformation policies: Intergroup threat, racial prejudice, sense of group entitlement and strength of identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1-25. doi:.
18. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall.
19. Ellemers, N., & Bos, A. (1998). Individual and group level responses to threat experienced by Dutch shopkeepers in East-Amsterdam. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1987-2006. doi:.
20. Eller, A. D., Abrams, D., & Wright, S. (2008). Intergroup contact and relative deprivation in the context of US-Mexican status divide. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
21. Ellison, C. G., & Powers, D. A. (1994). The contact hypothesis and racial attitudes among black Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 75, 385-400.
22. Fischer, R., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2007). Tearing down the "Wall in the head?" Culture contact between Germans. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 163-179. doi:.
23. Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
24. González, R., & Brown, R. (2006). Dual identities and intergroup contact: Group status and size moderate the generalization of positive attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 753-767. doi:.
25. Hair, J. E., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
26. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420. doi:.
27. Hewstone, M., & Swart, H. (2011). Fifty-odd years of inter-group contact: From hypothesis to integrated theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 374-386. doi:.
28. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:.
29. Jaccard, J., & Wann, C. K. (1996). LISREL approaches to interaction effects in multiple regression. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
30. Kelly, C., & Breinlinger, S. (1996). The social psychology of collective action: Identity, injustice and gender. London: Taylor & Francis.
31. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
32. Leach, C. W., Iyer, A., & Pedersen, A. (2007). Angry opposition to government redress: When the structurally advantaged perceive themselves as relatively deprived. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 191-204. doi:.
33. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modelling, 9, 151-173. doi:.
34. Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318. doi:.
35. MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Mallett, R., Huntsinger, J. R., Sinclair, S., & Swim, J. (2008). Seeing through their eyes: When majority group members take collective action on behalf of an out-group. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 11, 451-470. doi:.
37. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. L. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cut-off values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralising. Structural Equation Modelling, 11, 320-341. doi:.
38. Meade, A. W., & Kroustalis, C. M. (2005). Problems with item parceling for confirmatory factor analysis tests of measurement invariance of factor loadings. Paper presented at the 20th annual meeting of the Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Los Angeles, CA.
39. Mulaik, S. A. (2007). There is a place for approximate fit in structural equation modelling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 883-891. doi:.
40. Mummendey, A., Kessler, T., Klink, A., & Mielke, R. (1999). Strategies to cope with negative social identity: Predictions by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 229-245. doi:.
41. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2008a). Mplus user's guide (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
42. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2008b). Mplus software package. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
43. Paterson, O. (1995). The paradox of integration. The New Republic, 213(19), 1-8.
44. Pettigrew, T. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85. doi:.
45. Pettigrew, T. F. (1991). Toward unity and bold theory: Popperian suggestions for two persistent problems of social psychology. In C. W. Stephan, W. Stephan, & T. F. Pettigrew (Eds.), The future of social psychology (pp. 13-27). New York: Springer.
46. Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-185. doi:.
47. Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact. Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65. doi:.
48. Pettigrew, T. F. (2010). South African contributions to the study of intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 417-430. doi:.
49. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783. doi:.
50. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922-934. doi:.
51. Pillay, N. S., & Collings, S. J. (2004). Racism on a South African campus: A survey of students' experiences and attitudes. Social Behavior and Personality, 32, 607-618.
52. Poore, A., Gagne, F., Barlow, K., Lydon, J., Taylor, D. M., & Wright S. C. (2002). Contact and the personal/group discrimination discrepancy in an Inuit community. Journal of Psychology, 136, 371-382.
53. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:.
54. Reicher, S. (1986). Contact, action and racialisation: Some British evidence. In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 152-168). Oxford: Blackwell.
55. Reicher, S. (2007). Rethinking the paradigm of prejudice. South African Journal of Psychology, 37, 820-834.
56. Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1987). Status differentials and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 1-24. doi:.
57. Saguy, T., Tausch, N., Dovidio, J. F., & Pratto, F. (2009). The irony of harmony: Intergroup contact can produce false expectations for equality. Psychological Science, 20, 114-121. doi:.
58. Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N. (2005). When the pressure is up: The assessment of social identity threat in low and high status groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 192-200. doi:.
59. Schuman, H., Steeh, C., Bobo, L., & Krysan, M. (1997). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
60. Slabbert, A. (2001). Cross-cultural racism in South Africa - dead or alive? Social Behavior and Personality, 29, 125-132.
61. Smith, H. J., Cronin, T., & Kessler, T. (2008). Anger, fear or sadness: Faculty members' emotional reactions to collective pay disadvantage. Political Psychology, 29, 221-246. doi:.
62. Smith, H. J., & Leach, C. W. (2004). Group membership and everyday social comparison experiences. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 297-308. doi:.
63. Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2011). A Meta-analytic critique of relative deprivation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
64. Soudien, C. (2010). The reconstitution of privilege: Integration in former white schools in South Africa. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 352-366. doi:.
65. Swart, H. (2007). Affective mediators of intergroup contact: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in South Africa (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Oxford, UK.
66. Swart, H., Hewstone, M., Christ, O., & Voci, A. (2010). The impact of crossgroup friendships in South Africa: Affective mediators and multigroup comparisons. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 309-333. doi:.
67. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
68. Tropp, L. R., & Pettigrew, T. F. (2005). Relationships between intergroup contact and prejudice among minority and majority status groups. Psychological Science, 16, 951-957. doi:.
69. Van Zomeren, M., & Iyer, A. (2010). Introduction to the social and psychological dynamics of collective action. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 645-666. doi:.
70. Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 504-535. doi:.
71. Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2011). On conviction's collective consequences: Integrating moral conviction with the social identity model of collective action. British Journal of Social Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:.
72. Van Zomeren, M., Spears, R., & Leach, C. W. (2008). Exploring psychological mechanisms of collective action: Does relevance of group identity influence how people cope with collective disadvantage? British Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 353-372. doi:.
73. Verkuyten, M., Thijs, J., & Bekhuis, H. (2010). Intergroup contact and ingroup reappraisal: Examining the deprovincialization thesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73, 398-416. doi:.
74. Wright, S. C. (2001). Restricted intergroup boundaries: Tokenism, ambiguity and the tolerance of injustice. In J. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (pp. 223-254). New York: Cambridge University Press.
75. Wright, S. C. (2010a). The next generation of collective action. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 859-879. doi:.
76. Wright, S. C. (2010b). Collective action and social change. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, & V. M. Esses (Eds.), Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination (pp. 577-595). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
77. Wright, S., & Lubensky, M. (2009). The struggle for social equality: collective action vs. prejudice reduction. In S. Demoulin, J. P. Leyens, & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.), Intergroup misunderstandings: Impact of divergent social realities (pp. 291-310). New York: Psychology Press.
78. Wright, S. C., Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1990). Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 994-1003. doi:.