메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 513-541

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins

Author keywords

Acronyms; Perfluoroalkyl; PFAS; Polyfluoroalkyl; Terminology

Indexed keywords

FLUOROCARBON;

EID: 82355179388     PISSN: 15513793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ieam.258     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2869)

References (293)
  • 1
    • 0004039203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3M] Company., USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0550. Available from:, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0003
    • [3M] Company. 1999. Fluorochemical use, distribution and release overview. USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0550. Available from: www.regulations.gov as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0003.
    • (1999) Fluorochemical use, distribution and release overview
  • 2
    • 12444309967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3M] Company., USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0595. Available from, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0009
    • [3M] Company. 2000a. Voluntary Use and Exposure Information Profile for Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Salts. USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0595. Available from:www.regulations.gov as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0009.
    • (2000) Voluntary Use and Exposure Information Profile for Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Salts
  • 3
    • 84868289918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3M] Company, USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0931. Available from, OPPT.NCIC@epamail.epa.gov
    • [3M] Company. 2000b. Re: CAS Names for PFOS-Based Products. USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0931. Available from: OPPT.NCIC@epamail. epa.gov
    • (2000) Re: CAS Names for PFOS-Based Products
  • 4
    • 1642300467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3M] Company, USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0600. Available from, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0006x
    • [3M] Company. 2000c. Re: Phase-Out Plan for POSF-based Products. USEPA Administrative Record AR226-0600. Available from: www.regulations.gov, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0006.
    • (2000) Re: Phase-Out Plan for POSF-based Products
  • 5
    • 78651385580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate
    • Ahrens L. 2011. Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate. J Environ Monit 13:20-31.
    • (2011) J. Environ. Monit. , vol.13 , pp. 20-31
    • Ahrens, L.1
  • 6
    • 73749088225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in dab (Limanda limanda) bile fluids from Iceland and the North Sea
    • Ahrens L, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in dab (Limanda limanda) bile fluids from Iceland and the North Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 60:139-151.
    • (2010) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.60 , pp. 139-151
    • Ahrens, L.1    Ebinghaus, R.2
  • 7
    • 63549132598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total body burden and tissue distribution of polyfluorinated compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight
    • Ahrens L, Siebert U, Ebinghaus R. 2009. Total body burden and tissue distribution of polyfluorinated compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight. Mar Pollut Bull 58:520-525.
    • (2009) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.58 , pp. 520-525
    • Ahrens, L.1    Siebert, U.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 8
    • 67349090634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight
    • Ahrens L, Felizeter S, Ebinghaus R. 2009a. Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight. Chemosphere 76:179-184.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.76 , pp. 179-184
    • Ahrens, L.1    Felizeter, S.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 9
    • 68949164926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated compounds in waste water treatment plant effluents and surface waters along the River Elbe
    • Germany
    • Ahrens L, Felizeter S, Sturm R, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R. 2009b. Polyfluorinated compounds in waste water treatment plant effluents and surface waters along the River Elbe, Germany. Mar Pollut Bull 58:1326-1333.
    • (2009) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.58 , pp. 1326-1333
    • Ahrens, L.1    Felizeter, S.2    Sturm, R.3    Xie, Z.4    Ebinghaus, R.5
  • 10
    • 76049124411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea: Evidence from their spatial distribution in surface water
    • Ahrens L, Gerwinski W, Theobald N, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea: Evidence from their spatial distribution in surface water. Mar Pollut Bull 60:255-260.
    • (2010) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.60 , pp. 255-260
    • Ahrens, L.1    Gerwinski, W.2    Theobald, N.3    Ebinghaus, R.4
  • 11
    • 77649238536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment from Tokyo Bay, Japan
    • Ahrens L, Taniyasu S, Yeung LWY, Yamashita N, Lam PKS, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Chemosphere 79:266-272.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.79 , pp. 266-272
    • Ahrens, L.1    Taniyasu, S.2    Yeung, L.W.Y.3    Yamashita, N.4    Lam, P.K.S.5    Ebinghaus, R.6
  • 12
    • 75149154126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater from Northern Europe, Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean
    • Ahrens L, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater from Northern Europe, Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean. Chemosphere 78:1011-1016.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.78 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Ahrens, L.1    Xie, Z.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 13
    • 80053432642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wastewater treatment plant and landfills as sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds to the atmosphere
    • DOI: 10.1021/es1036173
    • Ahrens L, Shoeib M, Harner T, Lee SC, Guo R, Reiner EJ. 2011. Wastewater treatment plant and landfills as sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds to the atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es1036173
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Ahrens, L.1    Shoeib, M.2    Harner, T.3    Lee, S.C.4    Guo, R.5    Reiner, E.J.6
  • 18
    • 68049140911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of the global fate and transport pathways of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCs) emitted from direct sources
    • Armitage JM, MacLeod M, Cousins IT. 2009a. Comparative assessment of the global fate and transport pathways of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCs) emitted from direct sources. Environ Sci Technol 43:5830-5836.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 5830-5836
    • Armitage, J.M.1    Macleod, M.2    Cousins, I.T.3
  • 19
    • 64349118069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the global fate and transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoate (PFO) emitted from direct sources using a multispecies mass balance model
    • Armitage JM, MacLeod M, Cousins IT. 2009b. Modeling the global fate and transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoate (PFO) emitted from direct sources using a multispecies mass balance model. Environ Sci Technol 43:1134-1140.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 1134-1140
    • Armitage, J.M.1    Macleod, M.2    Cousins, I.T.3
  • 20
    • 36248948605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some issues relating to the use of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) samples as reference standards
    • Arsenault G, Chittim B, McAlees A, McCrindle R, Riddell N, Yeo B. 2008. Some issues relating to the use of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) samples as reference standards. Chemosphere 70:616-625.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.70 , pp. 616-625
    • Arsenault, G.1    Chittim, B.2    Mcalees, A.3    Mccrindle, R.4    Riddell, N.5    Yeo, B.6
  • 23
    • 44849091018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of fluorochemical paper additives from food-contact paper into foods and food simulants
    • Begley TH, Hsu W, Noonan G, Diachenko G. 2008. Migration of fluorochemical paper additives from food-contact paper into foods and food simulants. Food Addit Contam 25:384-390.
    • (2008) Food. Addit. Contam. , vol.25 , pp. 384-390
    • Begley, T.H.1    Hsu, W.2    Noonan, G.3    Diachenko, G.4
  • 24
    • 0019828094 scopus 로고
    • Organic fluorine in human serum: Natural versus industrial sources
    • Belisle J. 1981. Organic fluorine in human serum: Natural versus industrial sources. Science 212:1509-1510.
    • (1981) Science , vol.212 , pp. 1509-1510
    • Belisle, J.1
  • 25
    • 34548565836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous characterization of perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, sulfonate, and sulfonamide isomers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Benskin JP, Bataineh M, Martin JW. 2007. Simultaneous characterization of perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, sulfonate, and sulfonamide isomers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 79:6455-6464.
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 6455-6464
    • Benskin, J.P.1    Bataineh, M.2    Martin, J.W.3
  • 26
    • 77956366241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isomer profiling of perfluorinated substances as a tool for source tracking: a review of early findings and future applications
    • Benskin JP, De Silva AO, Martin JW. 2010. Isomer profiling of perfluorinated substances as a tool for source tracking: a review of early findings and future applications. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 208:111-160.
    • (2010) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.208 , pp. 111-160
    • Benskin, J.P.1    Silva, A.O.D.2    Martin, J.W.3
  • 28
    • 35948934781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) extracted from textile samples
    • Berger U, Herzke D. 2006. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) extracted from textile samples. Organohalogen Compd 68:2023-2026.
    • (2006) Organohalogen. Compd. , vol.68 , pp. 2023-2026
    • Berger, U.1    Herzke, D.2
  • 30
    • 23244466854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of perfluorooctane surfactants in a wastewater treatment system and in a commercial surface protection product
    • Boulanger B, Vargo JD, Schnoor JL, Hornbuckle KC. 2005. Evaluation of perfluorooctane surfactants in a wastewater treatment system and in a commercial surface protection product. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:5524-5530.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 5524-5530
    • Boulanger, B.1    Vargo, J.D.2    Schnoor, J.L.3    Hornbuckle, K.C.4
  • 32
    • 78650259560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary exposure of rainbow trout to 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamide: Uptake, transformation and elimination
    • Brandsma SH, Smithwick M, Solomon K, Small J, de Boer J, Muir DCG. 2011. Dietary exposure of rainbow trout to 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamide: Uptake, transformation and elimination. Chemosphere 82:253-258
    • (2011) Chemosphere , vol.82 , pp. 253-258
    • Brandsma, S.H.1    Smithwick, M.2    Solomon, K.3    Small, J.4    Boer, J.D.5    Muir, D.C.G.6
  • 35
    • 58149145763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental pKa determination for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and the potential impact of pKa concentration dependence on laboratory-measured partitioning phenomena and environmental modeling
    • Burns DC, Ellis DA, Li H, McMurdo CJ, Webster E. 2008. Experimental pKa determination for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and the potential impact of pKa concentration dependence on laboratory-measured partitioning phenomena and environmental modeling. Environ Sci Technol 42:9283-9288.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 9283-9288
    • Burns, D.C.1    Ellis, D.A.2    Li, H.3    Mcmurdo, C.J.4    Webster, E.5
  • 38
    • 34250868506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of long-chained perfluorinated carboxylates in seabirds from the Canadian Arctic between 1975 and 2004
    • Butt CM, Mabury SA, Muir DCG, Braune BM. 2007. Prevalence of long-chained perfluorinated carboxylates in seabirds from the Canadian Arctic between 1975 and 2004. Environ Sci Technol 41:3521-3528.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 3521-3528
    • Butt, C.M.1    Mabury, S.A.2    Muir, D.C.G.3    Braune, B.M.4
  • 40
    • 63849153817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry of 4:2 fluorotelomer acrylate [C4F9CH2CH2OC(O)CH=CH2]: Kinetics, mechanisms, and products of chlorine-atom- and OH-radical-initiated oxidation
    • Butt CM, Young CJ, Mabury SA, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ. 2009. Atmospheric chemistry of 4:2 fluorotelomer acrylate [C4F9CH2CH2OC(O)CH=CH2]: Kinetics, mechanisms, and products of chlorine-atom- and OH-radical-initiated oxidation. J Phys Chem A 113:3155-3161.
    • (2009) J. Phys. Chem. A. , vol.113 , pp. 3155-3161
    • Butt, C.M.1    Young, C.J.2    Mabury, S.A.3    Hurley, M.D.4    Wallington, T.J.5
  • 41
    • 77953684306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: Levels and trends of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in the arctic environment
    • Butt CM, Berger U, Bossi R, Tomy GT. 2010. Review: Levels and trends of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in the arctic environment. Sci Total Environ 408:2936-2965.
    • (2010) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.408 , pp. 2936-2965
    • Butt, C.M.1    Berger, U.2    Bossi, R.3    Tomy, G.T.4
  • 42
    • 77954283471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating the pathways of poly- and perfluorinated acid formation in rainbow trout
    • Butt CM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2010a. Elucidating the pathways of poly- and perfluorinated acid formation in rainbow trout. Environ Sci Technol 44:4973- 4980.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 4973-4980
    • Butt, C.M.1    Muir, D.C.G.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 43
    • 78249288483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate in rainbow trout
    • 1. In vivo dietary exposure
    • Butt CM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2010b. Biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate in rainbow trout. 1. In vivo dietary exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:2726-2735.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 2726-2735
    • Butt, C.M.1    Muir, D.C.G.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 44
    • 34247120708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the U.S. population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000
    • Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Caudill SP, Tully JS, Needham LL. 2007. Serum concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the U.S. population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 Environ Sci Technol 41:2237-2242.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 2237-2242
    • Calafat, A.M.1    Kuklenyik, Z.2    Reidy, J.A.3    Caudill, S.P.4    Tully, J.S.5    Needham, L.L.6
  • 45
    • 67650800106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid dissociation versus molecular association of perfluoroalkyl oxoacids: Environmental implications
    • Cheng J, Psillakis E, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. 2009. Acid dissociation versus molecular association of perfluoroalkyl oxoacids: Environmental implications. J Phys Chem A 113:8152-8156.
    • (2009) J. Phys. Chem. A. , vol.113 , pp. 8152-8156
    • Cheng, J.1    Psillakis, E.2    Hoffmann, M.R.3    Colussi, A.J.4
  • 46
    • 0011666412 scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkylcopper(I) compounds: II. Reactions of perfluoroalkylcopper(I) compounds and perfluoroalkyl iodide/copper mixtures with olefins
    • Coe PL, Milner NE. 1972. Perfluoroalkylcopper(I) compounds: II. Reactions of perfluoroalkylcopper(I) compounds and perfluoroalkyl iodide/copper mixtures with olefins. J Organomet Chem 39:395-402.
    • (1972) J. Organomet. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 395-402
    • Coe, P.L.1    Milner, N.E.2
  • 47
    • 39649084641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds
    • Conder JM, Hoke RA, de Wolf W, Russell MH, Buck RC. 2008. Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 42:995-1003.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 995-1003
    • Conder, J.M.1    Hoke, R.A.2    Wolf, W.D.3    Russell, M.H.4    Buck, R.C.5
  • 48
    • 34447273553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) from the biotransformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate surfactants (PAPS): Exploring routes of human contamination
    • D'eon JC, Mabury SA. 2007. Production of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) from the biotransformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate surfactants (PAPS): Exploring routes of human contamination. Environ Sci Technol 41:4799-4805.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 4799-4805
    • D'eon, J.C.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 49
    • 77953600872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and elimination of perfluorinated phosphonic acids in the rat
    • D'eon JC, Mabury SA. 2010. Uptake and elimination of perfluorinated phosphonic acids in the rat. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:1319-1329.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1319-1329
    • D'eon, J.C.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 50
    • 79952323654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring indirect sources of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs): Evaluating uptake, elimination and biotransformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) in the rat
    • D'eon JC, Mabury SA. 2011. Exploring indirect sources of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs): Evaluating uptake, elimination and biotransformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) in the rat. Environ Health Perspect 119:344-350.
    • (2011) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.119 , pp. 344-350
    • D'eon, J.C.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 52
    • 67449152300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of a commercial fluorinated material, the polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters, in human sera, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and paper fibers
    • D'eon JC, Crozier PW, Furdui VI, Reiner EJ, Libelo EL, Mabury SA. 2009a. Observation of a commercial fluorinated material, the polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters, in human sera, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and paper fibers. Environ Sci Technol 43:4589-4594.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 4589-4594
    • D'eon, J.C.1    Crozier, P.W.2    Furdui, V.I.3    Reiner, E.J.4    Libelo, E.L.5    Mabury, S.A.6
  • 53
    • 70449822984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated phosphonic acids in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant effluent: Discovery of a new class of perfluorinated acids
    • D'eon JC, Crozier PW, Furdui VI, Reiner EJ, Libelo EL, Mabury SA. 2009b. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant effluent: Discovery of a new class of perfluorinated acids. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:2101-2107.
    • (2009) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.28 , pp. 2101-2107
    • D'eon, J.C.1    Crozier, P.W.2    Furdui, V.I.3    Reiner, E.J.4    Libelo, E.L.5    Mabury, S.A.6
  • 55
    • 77957752607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis of fluorotelomer compounds leading to fluorotelomer alcohol production during solvent extractions of soils
    • Dasu K, Royer LA, Liu J, Lee LS. 2010. Hydrolysis of fluorotelomer compounds leading to fluorotelomer alcohol production during solvent extractions of soils. Chemosphere 81:911-917.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.81 , pp. 911-917
    • Dasu, K.1    Royer, L.A.2    Liu, J.3    Lee, L.S.4
  • 56
    • 10644224530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolating isomers of perfluorocarboxylates in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two geographical locations
    • De Silva AO, Mabury SA. 2004. Isolating isomers of perfluorocarboxylates in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two geographical locations. Environ Sci Technol 38:6538-6545.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 6538-6545
    • Silva, A.O.D.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 57
    • 33646356735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isomer distribution of perfluorocarboxylates in human blood: Potential correlation to source
    • De Silva AO, Mabury SA. 2006. Isomer distribution of perfluorocarboxylates in human blood: Potential correlation to source. Environ Sci Technol 40:2903- 2909.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40
    • Silva, A.O.D.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 58
    • 69449091005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of perfluorocarboxylate isomers in select samples from the North American environment
    • De Silva AO, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2009. Distribution of perfluorocarboxylate isomers in select samples from the North American environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:1801-1814.
    • (2009) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.28 , pp. 1801-1814
    • Silva, A.O.D.1    Muir, D.C.G.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 59
    • 84868297152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from
    • de Voogt P. 2009. The PERFOOD project. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.perfood.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article& id=49&Itemid=56
    • (2009) The PERFOOD project
    • Voogt, P.D.1
  • 60
    • 79952108262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special foreword: Perfluorinated alkylated substances
    • de Voogt P. 2010. Special foreword: Perfluorinated alkylated substances. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 208:v-vii.
    • (2010) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.208
    • Voogt, P.D.1
  • 62
  • 63
    • 33644869626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant residual fluorinated alcohols present in various fluorinated materials
    • Dinglasan-Panlilio MJA, Mabury SA. 2006. Significant residual fluorinated alcohols present in various fluorinated materials. Environ Sci Technol 40:1447-1453.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 1447-1453
    • Dinglasan-Panlilio, M.J.A.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 64
    • 66249113543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual time series of air concentrations of polyfluorinated compounds
    • Dreyer A, Matthias V, Temme C, Ebinghaus R. 2009. Annual time series of air concentrations of polyfluorinated compounds. Environ Sci Technol 43:4029- 4036.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 4029-4036
    • Dreyer, A.1    Matthias, V.2    Temme, C.3    Ebinghaus, R.4
  • 65
    • 69549110666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a global distribution
    • Dreyer A, Weinberg I, Temme C, Ebinghaus R. 2009. Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a global distribution. Environ Sci Technol 43:6507-6514.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 6507-6514
    • Dreyer, A.1    Weinberg, I.2    Temme, C.3    Ebinghaus, R.4
  • 67
    • 84868284686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [ECHA] European Chemicals Agency
    • [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from
    • [ECHA] European Chemicals Agency. 2008. Guidance for monomers and polymers. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/ guidance_document/polymers_en.pdf
    • (2008) Guidance for monomers and polymers
  • 68
    • 78650966951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Municipal landfill leachates: A significant source for new and emerging pollutants
    • Eggen T, Moeder M, Arukwe A. 2010. Municipal landfill leachates: A significant source for new and emerging pollutants. Sci Total Environ 408:5147- 5157.
    • (2010) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.408 , pp. 5147-5157
    • Eggen, T.1    Moeder, M.2    Arukwe, A.3
  • 69
    • 0035913325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment
    • Ellis DA, Mabury SA, Martin JW, Muir DCG. 2001. Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment. Nature 412:321-324.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 321-324
    • Ellis, D.A.1    Mabury, S.A.2    Martin, J.W.3    Muir, D.C.G.4
  • 71
    • 84868283921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada, Environmental performance agreement ("agreement") respecting perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and their precursors in perfluorochemical products sold in Canada. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from
    • Environment Canada. 2010. Environmental performance agreement ("agreement") respecting perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and their precursors in perfluorochemical products sold in Canada. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://ec.gc.ca/epe-epa/default.asp?lang=En&n=81AE80CE-1
    • (2010)
  • 73
    • 77957332681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated compounds in infiltrated River Rhine water and infiltrated rainwater in coastal dunes
    • Eschauzier C, Haftka J, Stuyfzand PJ, de Voogt P. 2010. Perfluorinated compounds in infiltrated River Rhine water and infiltrated rainwater in coastal dunes. Environ Sci Technol 44:7450-7455.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 7450-7455
    • Eschauzier, C.1    Haftka, J.2    Stuyfzand, P.J.3    Voogt, P.D.4
  • 75
    • 82555194952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Parliament, Directive 2006/122/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006, 27 December 2006, L372/32-L372/34
    • European Parliament. 2006b. Directive 2006/122/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006. Official Journal of the EU, 27 December 2006, L372/32-L372/34.
    • (2006) Official Journal of the EU
  • 76
    • 85042755829 scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkyl amphoteric compounds
    • European Patent 115251. Ciba-Geigy
    • Falk RA. 1982. Perfluoroalkyl amphoteric compounds. European Patent 115251. Ciba-Geigy.
    • (1982)
    • Falk, R.A.1
  • 78
    • 67349099866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol and its metabolites, and liver glutathione status following daily oral dosing for 45 days in male and female rats
    • Fasano WJ, Sweeney LM, Mawn MP, Nabb DL, Szostek B, Buck RC, Gargas ML. 2009 Kinetics of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol and its metabolites, and liver glutathione status following daily oral dosing for 45 days in male and female rats. Chem Biol Interact 180:281-295.
    • (2009) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.180 , pp. 281-295
    • Fasano, W.J.1    Sweeney, L.M.2    Mawn, M.P.3    Nabb, D.L.4    Szostek, B.5    Buck, R.C.6    Gargas, M.L.7
  • 79
    • 84868281766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [FDA] US Food and Drug Administration, US FDA, Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR 176
    • [FDA] US Food and Drug Administration. 2009. Indirect food additives: Paper and paperboard components. US FDA, Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR 176.170.
    • (2009) Indirect food additives: Paper and paperboard components , pp. 170
  • 80
    • 84868277402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inert ingredient; Revocation of the tolerance exemption for mono- and bis-(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoroalkyl) phosphates where the alkyl group is even numbered and in the C6-C12 range
    • Federal Register, 9 August 2006
    • Federal Register. 2006a. Inert ingredient; Revocation of the tolerance exemption for mono- and bis-(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoroalkyl) phosphates where the alkyl group is even numbered and in the C6-C12 range. Fed Reg 71(153):45408-45411. 9 August 2006.
    • (2006) Fed. Reg. , vol.71 , Issue.153 , pp. 45408-45411
  • 81
    • 46949099256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates; Proposed significant new use rule
    • Federal Register, 10 March 2006, Available from, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0015-0001
    • Federal Register. 2006b. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates; Proposed significant new use rule. Fed Reg 71 (47): 12311-12324. 10 March 2006. Available from: www.regulations.gov, as document EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0015-0001.
    • (2006) Fed. Reg. , vol.71 , Issue.47 , pp. 12311-12324
  • 82
    • 77958499246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly- and perfluorinated compounds in household consumer products
    • Fiedler S, Pfister G, Schramm K-W. 2010. Poly- and perfluorinated compounds in household consumer products. Toxicol Environ Chem 92:1801-1811.
    • (2010) Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , vol.92 , pp. 1801-1811
    • Fiedler, S.1    Pfister, G.2    Schramm, K.-W.3
  • 83
    • 84868283922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoropolymer Manufacturing Group
    • Washington (DC): Society of Plastics Industry
    • Fluoropolymer Manufacturing Group. 2001. Guide to the safe handling of fluoroolymer dispersions. Washington (DC): Society of Plastics Industry.
    • (2001) Guide to the safe handling of fluoroolymer dispersions
  • 87
    • 70349611317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates and precursor compounds in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America
    • Gebbink WA, Hebert CE, Letcher RJ. 2009. Perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates and precursor compounds in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Environ Sci Technol 43:7443-7449.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 7443-7449
    • Gebbink, W.A.1    Hebert, C.E.2    Letcher, R.J.3
  • 88
    • 0035298680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife
    • Giesy JP, Kannan K. 2001. Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife. Environ Sci Technol 35:1339-1342.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 1339-1342
    • Giesy, J.P.1    Kannan, K.2
  • 89
    • 78349306564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkyl compounds in dust from Asian, Australian, European, and North American homes and UK cars, classrooms, and offices
    • Goosey E, Harrad S. 2011. Perfluoroalkyl compounds in dust from Asian, Australian, European, and North American homes and UK cars, classrooms, and offices. Environ Int 37:86-92.
    • (2011) Environ. Int. , vol.37 , pp. 86-92
    • Goosey, E.1    Harrad, S.2
  • 90
    • 78751584745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3Hperfluorononanoate, a new emulsifier to replace ammonium perfluorooctanoate in fluoropolymer manufacturing
    • Gordon SC. 2011. Toxicological evaluation of ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3Hperfluorononanoate, a new emulsifier to replace ammonium perfluorooctanoate in fluoropolymer manufacturing. Regul Toxicol Pharm 59:64-80.
    • (2011) Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. , vol.59 , pp. 64-80
    • Gordon, S.C.1
  • 91
    • 40949148693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pKa values of PFOA and other highly fluorinated carboxylic acids
    • Goss K-U. 2008. The pKa values of PFOA and other highly fluorinated carboxylic acids. Environ Sci Technol 42:456-458.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 456-458
    • Goss, K.-U.1
  • 94
    • 79952454945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorinated alkyl compounds including long chain carboxylic acids in wild bird livers from Japan
    • Guruge KS, Yeung LWY, Li P, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Nakamura M. 2011. Fluorinated alkyl compounds including long chain carboxylic acids in wild bird livers from Japan. Chemosphere 83:379-384.
    • (2011) Chemosphere , vol.83 , pp. 379-384
    • Guruge, K.S.1    Yeung, L.W.Y.2    Li, P.3    Taniyasu, S.4    Yamashita, N.5    Nakamura, M.6
  • 95
    • 0019755825 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of fluorinated metabolites by a gas chromatographic-helium microwave plasma detector
    • The biotransformation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanol to perfluorooctanoate
    • Hagen DF, Belisle J, Johnson JD, Venkateswarlu P. 1981. Characterization of fluorinated metabolites by a gas chromatographic-helium microwave plasma detector. The biotransformation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanol to perfluorooctanoate. Anal Biochem 118:336-343.
    • (1981) Anal. Biochem. , vol.118 , pp. 336-343
    • Hagen, D.F.1    Belisle, J.2    Johnson, J.D.3    Venkateswarlu, P.4
  • 96
    • 84868283927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Workshop on Managing Perfluorinated Chemicals and Transitioning to Safer Alternatives, 2009 February 12-13; Geneva, Switzerland, Available from
    • Han W. 2009. PFOS related actions in China. In: International Workshop on Managing Perfluorinated Chemicals and Transitioning to Safer Alternatives; 2009 February 12-13; Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: http:// www.chem.unep.ch/unepsaicm/cheminprod_dec08/PFCWorkshop/ Presentations/HWenya%20-%20PFOS%20in%20China.pdf
    • (2009) PFOS related actions in China
    • Han, W.1
  • 97
    • 0035865117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices
    • Hansen KJ, Clemen LA, Ellefson ME, Johnson HO. 2001. Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices. Environ Sci Technol 35:766-770.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 766-770
    • Hansen, K.J.1    Clemen, L.A.2    Ellefson, M.E.3    Johnson, H.O.4
  • 99
    • 80053407012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation on per- and polyfluorinated compounds in paired samples of house dust and indoor air from Norwegian homes
    • DOI: 10.1021/es103456h
    • Haug LS, Huber S, Schlabach M, Becher G, Thomsen C. 2011. Investigation on per- and polyfluorinated compounds in paired samples of house dust and indoor air from Norwegian homes. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es103456h
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Haug, L.S.1    Huber, S.2    Schlabach, M.3    Becher, G.4    Thomsen, C.5
  • 100
    • 33645210600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkylated substances: Aquatic environmental assessment Report RIKZ/2002.043
    • The Hague (NL): National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ)
    • Hekster FM, de Voogt P, Pijnenburg AMCM, Laane RWPM. 2002. Perfluoroalkylated substances: Aquatic environmental assessment Report RIKZ/2002.043. The Hague (NL): National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ).
    • (2002)
    • Hekster, F.M.1    Voogt, P.D.2    Pijnenburg, A.M.C.M.3    Laane, R.W.P.M.4
  • 102
    • 20044368473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge
    • Higgins CP, Field JA, Criddle CS, Luthy RG. 2005. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge. Environ Sci Technol 39:3946-3956.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 3946-3956
    • Higgins, C.P.1    Field, J.A.2    Criddle, C.S.3    Luthy, R.G.4
  • 107
    • 80053402222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic biota: An updated review
    • DOI: 10.1021/es104326w
    • Houde M, De Silva AO, Muir DCG, Letcher RJ. 2011. Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic biota: An updated review. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es104326w
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Houde, M.1    Silva, A.O.D.2    Muir, D.C.G.3    Letcher, R.J.4
  • 108
    • 77950415995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying new persistent and bioaccumulative organics among chemicals in commerce
    • Howard PH, Muir DCG. 2010. Identifying new persistent and bioaccumulative organics among chemicals in commerce. Environ Sci Technol 44:2277-2285.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 2277-2285
    • Howard, P.H.1    Muir, D.C.G.2
  • 109
    • 3142746939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry of 4:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (CF3(CF2)3CH2CH2OH): Products and mechanism of Cl atom initiated oxidation
    • Hurley MD, Ball JC, Wallington TJ, Sulbaek Andersen MP, Ellis DA, Martin JW, Mabury SA. 2004. Atmospheric chemistry of 4:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (CF3(CF2)3CH2CH2OH): Products and mechanism of Cl atom initiated oxidation. J Phys Chem A 108:5635-5642.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A. , vol.108 , pp. 5635-5642
    • Hurley, M.D.1    Ball, J.C.2    Wallington, T.J.3    Andersen, M.P.S.4    Ellis, D.A.5    Martin, J.W.6    Mabury, S.A.7
  • 111
    • 79551684924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of fluorochemicals in municipal landfill leachates
    • Huset CA, Barlaz MA, Barofsky DF, Field JA. 2011. Quantitative determination of fluorochemicals in municipal landfill leachates. Chemosphere 82:1380-1386.
    • (2011) Chemosphere , vol.82 , pp. 1380-1386
    • Huset, C.A.1    Barlaz, M.A.2    Barofsky, D.F.3    Field, J.A.4
  • 112
    • 84967250714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indian and Northern Affairs Canada-Blueprints and proposal guidelines: Call for proposals 2010-2011, cited 2011 February 8, Available from
    • [INAC] Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 2009. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada-Blueprints and proposal guidelines: Call for proposals 2010-2011. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/nth/ct/ncp/ pubs/calprop/cfp1011-eng.pdf
    • (2009) [INAC] Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
  • 114
    • 84961974121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric degradation of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone: Photolysis, hydrolysis and hydration
    • DOI: 10.1021/es104362g
    • Jackson DA, Young CJ, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ, Mabury SA. 2011. Atmospheric degradation of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone: Photolysis, hydrolysis and hydration. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es104362g
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Jackson, D.A.1    Young, C.J.2    Hurley, M.D.3    Wallington, T.J.4    Mabury, S.A.5
  • 115
    • 57849158149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in various matrices: How do current methods perform
    • Jahnke A, Berger U. 2009. Trace analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in various matrices: How do current methods perform? J Chromatogr A 1216:410-421.
    • (2009) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1216 , pp. 410-421
    • Jahnke, A.1    Berger, U.2
  • 116
    • 34548032598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and application of a simplified sampling method for volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in indoor and environmental air
    • Jahnke A, Huber S, Temme C, Kylin H, Berger U. 2007. Development and application of a simplified sampling method for volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in indoor and environmental air. J Chromatogr A 1164:1-9.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1164 , pp. 1-9
    • Jahnke, A.1    Huber, S.2    Temme, C.3    Kylin, H.4    Berger, U.5
  • 117
    • 57949095957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trace analysis of polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in ambient air samples from Mace Head (Ireland): A method intercomparison
    • Jahnke A, Barber JL, Jones KC, Temme C. 2009. Quantitative trace analysis of polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in ambient air samples from Mace Head (Ireland): A method intercomparison. Atmos Environ 43:844-850.
    • (2009) Atmos. Environ. , vol.43 , pp. 844-850
    • Jahnke, A.1    Barber, J.L.2    Jones, K.C.3    Temme, C.4
  • 118
    • 80053416497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey and environmental/health assessment of fluorinated substances in impregnated consumer products and impregnating agents
    • Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products 99
    • Jensen AA, Poulsen PB, Bossi R. 2008. Survey and environmental/health assessment of fluorinated substances in impregnated consumer products and impregnating agents. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products 99.
    • (2008) Danish Environmental Protection Agency
    • Jensen, A.A.1    Poulsen, P.B.2    Bossi, R.3
  • 119
    • 19544379861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and -dodecanoic acids
    • Kaiser MA, Larsen BS, Kao C-PC, Buck RC. 2005. Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and -dodecanoic acids. J Chem Eng Data 50:1841.1843.
    • (2005) J. Chem. Eng. Data
    • Kaiser, M.A.1    Larsen, B.S.2    Kao, C.-P.C.3    Buck, R.C.4
  • 123
  • 125
    • 0037162597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization, and unusual surface activity of a series of novel architecture, water-dispersible poly(fluorooxetane)s
    • Kausch CM, Leising JE, Medsker RE, Russell VM, Thomas RR, Malik AA. 2002. Synthesis, characterization, and unusual surface activity of a series of novel architecture, water-dispersible poly(fluorooxetane)s. Langmuir 18:5933- 5938.
    • (2002) Langmuir , vol.18
    • Kausch, C.M.1    Leising, J.E.2    Medsker, R.E.3    Russell, V.M.4    Thomas, R.R.5    Malik, A.A.6
  • 128
    • 37249050926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated acids in air, rain, snow, surface runoff, and lakes: Relative importance of pathways to contamination of urban lakes
    • Kim S-K, Kannan K. 2007. Perfluorinated acids in air, rain, snow, surface runoff, and lakes: Relative importance of pathways to contamination of urban lakes. Environ Sci Technol 41:8328-8334.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 8328-8334
    • Kim, S.-K.1    Kannan, K.2
  • 129
    • 77958050726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated compounds in marine surface waters: data from the Baltic Sea and methodological challenges for future studies
    • Kirchgeorg T, Weinberg I, Dreyer A, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Perfluorinated compounds in marine surface waters: data from the Baltic Sea and methodological challenges for future studies. Environ Chem 7:429-434.
    • (2010) Environ. Chem. , vol.7 , pp. 429-434
    • Kirchgeorg, T.1    Weinberg, I.2    Dreyer, A.3    Ebinghaus, R.4
  • 130
    • 0036146936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of perfluorohexyloctane as a long-term internal tamponade agent in complicated retinal detachment surgery
    • Kirchhof B, Wong D, Van Meurs J, Hilgers RD, Macek M, Lois N, Schrage NF. 2002 Use of perfluorohexyloctane as a long-term internal tamponade agent in complicated retinal detachment surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 133:95-101.
    • (2002) Am J. Ophthalmol. , vol.133 , pp. 95-101
    • Kirchhof, B.1    Wong, D.2    Meurs, J.V.3    Hilgers, R.D.4    Macek, M.5    Lois, N.6    Schrage, N.F.7
  • 134
    • 69549101704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradation kinetic and estimated half-life of a Clariant fluorotelomer-based acrylate polymer: Results from a test on aerobic transformation in soil
    • Koch V, Knaup W, Fiebig S, Geffke T, Schulze D. 2009. Biodegradation kinetic and estimated half-life of a Clariant fluorotelomer-based acrylate polymer: Results from a test on aerobic transformation in soil. Reprod Toxicol 27:420-421.
    • (2009) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.27 , pp. 420-421
    • Koch, V.1    Knaup, W.2    Fiebig, S.3    Geffke, T.4    Schulze, D.5
  • 138
    • 78349310945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated compounds in residential and nonresidential indoor air
    • Langer V, Dreyer A, Ebinghaus R. 2010. Polyfluorinated compounds in residential and nonresidential indoor air. Environ Sci Technol 44:8075-8081.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 8075-8081
    • Langer, V.1    Dreyer, A.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 139
    • 34250340175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in perfluorocarboxylic acid measurements
    • Larsen BS, Kaiser MA. 2007. Challenges in perfluorocarboxylic acid measurements. Anal Chem 79:3966-3973.
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 3966-3973
    • Larsen, B.S.1    Kaiser, M.A.2
  • 140
    • 33749045514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient "total" extraction of perfluorooctanoate from polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer
    • Larsen BS, Kaiser MA, Botelho MA, Bachmura SF, Buxton LW. 2006. Efficient "total" extraction of perfluorooctanoate from polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer. Analyst 131:1105-1108.
    • (2006) Analyst , vol.131 , pp. 1105-1108
    • Larsen, B.S.1    Kaiser, M.A.2    Botelho, M.A.3    Bachmura, S.F.4    Buxton, L.W.5
  • 142
    • 79959907658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot survey of legacy and current commercial fluorinated chemicals in human sera from United States donors in 2009
    • DOI: 10.1021/es200167q
    • Lee H, Mabury SA. 2011. A pilot survey of legacy and current commercial fluorinated chemicals in human sera from United States donors in 2009. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es200167q
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Lee, H.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 143
    • 77951812485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphates as a source of perfluorinated acids to the environment
    • Lee H, D'eon J, Mabury SA. 2010. Biodegradation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphates as a source of perfluorinated acids to the environment. Environ Sci Technol 44:3305-3310.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 3305-3310
    • Lee, H.1    D'eon, J.2    Mabury, S.A.3
  • 144
    • 13444251365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of environmentally relevant fluorinated surfactants--a review
    • Lehmler H-J. 2005. Synthesis of environmentally relevant fluorinated surfactants--a review. Chemosphere 58:1471-1496.
    • (2005) Chemosphere , vol.58 , pp. 1471-1496
    • Lehmler, H.-J.1
  • 146
    • 84868271054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In:, editors, Part F (Surfactant science series 142). Boca Raton (FL): CRC
    • In: Zoller U, Sosis P, editors. Handbook of detergents, Part F (Surfactant science series 142). Boca Raton (FL): CRC. p 301-321.
    • Handbook of detergents , pp. 301-321
    • Zoller, U.1    Sosis, P.2
  • 148
    • 79959926371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in sewage sludge by pressurized solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • LlorcaM, Farré M, Picó Y, Barceló D. 2011. Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in sewage sludge by pressurized solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1218:4840-4846.
    • (2011) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1218 , pp. 4840-4846
    • Llorca, M.1    Farré, M.2    Picó, Y.3    Barceló, D.4
  • 149
    • 18344388873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids and PFOS in rainwater from an urban center in Canada
    • Loewen M, Halldorson T, Wang F, Tomy G. 2005. Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids and PFOS in rainwater from an urban center in Canada. Environ Sci Technol 39:2944-2951.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 2944-2951
    • Loewen, M.1    Halldorson, T.2    Wang, F.3    Tomy, G.4
  • 153
    • 57949086012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated telomers in precipitation and surface water in an urban area of Japan
    • Mahmoud MAM, Kärrman A, Oono S, Harada KH, Koizumi A. 2009. Polyfluorinated telomers in precipitation and surface water in an urban area of Japan. Chemosphere 74:467-472.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.74 , pp. 467-472
    • Mahmoud, M.A.M.1    Kärrman, A.2    Oono, S.3    Harada, K.H.4    Koizumi, A.5
  • 154
    • 0036468374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collection of airborne fluorinated organics and analysis by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry
    • Martin JW, Muir DCG, Moody CA, Ellis DA, Kwan WC, Solomon KR, Mabury SA. 2002. Collection of airborne fluorinated organics and analysis by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 74: 584-590.
    • (2002) Anal. Chem. , vol.74 , pp. 584-590
    • Martin, J.W.1    Muir, D.C.G.2    Moody, C.A.3    Ellis, D.A.4    Kwan, W.C.5    Solomon, K.R.6    Mabury, S.A.7
  • 155
    • 2242450595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Martin JW, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2003a. Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 22:189-195.
    • (2003) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.22 , pp. 189-195
    • Martin, J.W.1    Mabury, S.A.2    Solomon, K.R.3    Muir, D.C.G.4
  • 156
    • 2242475735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Martin JW, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2003b. Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 22:196-204.
    • (2003) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.22 , pp. 196-204
    • Martin, J.W.1    Mabury, S.A.2    Solomon, K.R.3    Muir, D.C.G.4
  • 157
    • 23944446041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic products and pathways of fluorotelomer alcohols in isolated rat hepatocytes
    • Martin JW, Mabury SA, O'Brien PJ. 2005. Metabolic products and pathways of fluorotelomer alcohols in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 155:165- 180.
    • (2005) Chem. Biol. Interact , vol.155
    • Martin, J.W.1    Mabury, S.A.2    O'Brien, P.J.3
  • 158
    • 32344444989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry of perfluoroalkanesulfonamides: Kinetic and product studies of the OH radical and Cl atom initiated oxidation of N-ethyl perfluorobutanesulfonamide
    • Martin JW, Ellis DA, Mabury SA, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ. 2006. Atmospheric chemistry of perfluoroalkanesulfonamides: Kinetic and product studies of the OH radical and Cl atom initiated oxidation of N-ethyl perfluorobutanesulfonamide. Environ Sci Technol 40:864-872.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 864-872
    • Martin, J.W.1    Ellis, D.A.2    Mabury, S.A.3    Hurley, M.D.4    Wallington, T.J.5
  • 159
    • 78149269461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PFOS or PreFOS? Are perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors (PreFOS) important determinants of human and environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure?
    • Martin JW, Asher BJ, Beesoon S, Benskin JP, Ross MS. 2010. PFOS or PreFOS? Are perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors (PreFOS) important determinants of human and environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure? J Environ Monit 12:1979-2004.
    • (2010) J. Environ. Monit. , vol.12 , pp. 1979-2004
    • Martin, J.W.1    Asher, B.J.2    Beesoon, S.3    Benskin, J.P.4    Ross, M.S.5
  • 160
    • 84868271859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mason Chemical, [cited 2011 February 8], Available from
    • Mason Chemical. 2011. Masurf® FS-710 and FS-780. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.masonsurfactants.com/Products/Masurf_FS_710.htm
    • (2011) Masurf® FS-710 and FS-780
  • 165
    • 34548353954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiological study of employees exposed to surfactant blend containing perfluorononanoic acid
    • Mundt DJ, Mundt KA, Luippold RS, Schmidt MD, Farr CH. 2007. Clinical epidemiological study of employees exposed to surfactant blend containing perfluorononanoic acid. Occup Environ Med 64:589-594.
    • (2007) Occup Environ Med. , vol.64 , pp. 589-594
    • Mundt, D.J.1    Mundt, K.A.2    Luippold, R.S.3    Schmidt, M.D.4    Farr, C.H.5
  • 167
    • 58049137338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of wastewater and street runoff as sources of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs)
    • Murakami M, Shinohara H, Takada H. 2009. Evaluation of wastewater and street runoff as sources of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs). Chemosphere 74:487-493.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.74 , pp. 487-493
    • Murakami, M.1    Shinohara, H.2    Takada, H.3
  • 168
    • 77955682545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of fluorotelomer acids in a soil-water microcosm
    • Myers AL, Mabury SA. 2010. The fate of fluorotelomer acids in a soil-water microcosm. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:1689-1695.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1689-1695
    • Myers, A.L.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 172
    • 0030191282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diblock and triblock semifluorinated n-alkanes: preparations, structural aspects and applications
    • Napoli M. 1996. Diblock and triblock semifluorinated n-alkanes: preparations, structural aspects and applications. J Fluorine Chem 79:59-69.
    • (1996) J. Fluorine. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 59-69
    • Napoli, M.1
  • 173
    • 79451470278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and source characterization of perfluorochemicals in an urban watershed
    • Nguyen VT, Reinhard M, Karina GY-H. 2011. Occurrence and source characterization of perfluorochemicals in an urban watershed. Chemosphere 82:1277-1285.
    • (2011) Chemosphere , vol.82 , pp. 1277-1285
    • Nguyen, V.T.1    Reinhard, M.2    Karina, G.Y.-H.3
  • 176
    • 77953688243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of perfluorochemicals and toxicity to the downstream fish community of Etobicoke Creek following deployment of aqueous filmforming foam
    • Oakes KD, Benskin JP, Martin JW, Ings JS, Heinrichs JY, Dixon DG, Servos MR. 2010. Biomonitoring of perfluorochemicals and toxicity to the downstream fish community of Etobicoke Creek following deployment of aqueous filmforming foam. Aquat Toxicol 98:120-129.
    • (2010) Aquat Toxicol. , vol.98 , pp. 120-129
    • Oakes, K.D.1    Benskin, J.P.2    Martin, J.W.3    Ings, J.S.4    Heinrichs, J.Y.5    Dixon, D.G.6    Servos, M.R.7
  • 177
    • 3042792422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,Report ENV/JM/ RD(2002)17/FINAL
    • [OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2002. Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts. Report ENV/JM/ RD(2002)17/FINAL.
    • (2002) Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts
  • 179
    • 84868274898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,Available from
    • [OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2011. OECD portal on perfluorinated chemicals. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/site /0,3407,en_21571361_44787844_1_1_1_1_1,00. html
    • (2011) OECD portal on perfluorinated chemicals. [cited 2011 February 8]
  • 180
  • 184
    • 84868292262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omnova Solutions, cited 2011 February 8, Available from
    • Omnova Solutions. 2011. PolyFox-A novel fluorochemical. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.omnova.com/products/chemicals/PolyFox.aspx
    • (2011) PolyFox-A novel fluorochemical
  • 187
    • 70349308493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorinated carboxylates, and fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates from the consumption of storebought and restaurant foods for the Canadian population
    • Ostertag SK, Chan HM, Moisey J, Dabeka R, Tittlemier SA. 2009. Historic dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorinated carboxylates, and fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates from the consumption of storebought and restaurant foods for the Canadian population. J Agric Food Chem 57:8534-8544.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.57 , pp. 8534-8544
    • Ostertag, S.K.1    Chan, H.M.2    Moisey, J.3    Dabeka, R.4    Tittlemier, S.A.5
  • 188
    • 62749133986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate
    • Paul AG, Jones KC, Sweetman AJ. 2009. A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate. Environ Sci Technol 43:386-392.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 386-392
    • Paul, A.G.1    Jones, K.C.2    Sweetman, A.J.3
  • 189
    • 77749283249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution and maternal transfer of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis): Implications for reproductive risk
    • Peng H, Wei Q, Wan Y, Giesy JP, Li L, Hu J. 2010. Tissue distribution and maternal transfer of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis): Implications for reproductive risk. Environ Sci Technol 44:1868-1874.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 1868-1874
    • Peng, H.1    Wei, Q.2    Wan, Y.3    Giesy, J.P.4    Li, L.5    Hu, J.6
  • 192
    • 72849129458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A map of European emissions and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA
    • Pistocchi A, Loos R. 2009. A map of European emissions and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. Environ Sci Technol 43:9237-9244.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 9237-9244
    • Pistocchi, A.1    Loos, R.2
  • 193
    • 77952989007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace analytical methods for semifluorinated nalkanes in snow, soil, and air
    • Plassmann MM, Berger U. 2010. Trace analytical methods for semifluorinated nalkanes in snow, soil, and air. Anal Chem 82:4551-4557.
    • (2010) Anal. Chem. , vol.82 , pp. 4551-4557
    • Plassmann, M.M.1    Berger, U.2
  • 194
    • 66249114654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect photolysis of perfluorochemicals: Hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidation of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetate (N-EtFOSAA) and other perfluoroalkanesulfonamides
    • Plumlee MH, McNeill K, Reinhard M. 2009. Indirect photolysis of perfluorochemicals: Hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidation of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetate (N-EtFOSAA) and other perfluoroalkanesulfonamides. Environ Sci Technol 43:3662-3668.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 3662-3668
    • Plumlee, M.H.1    Mcneill, K.2    Reinhard, M.3
  • 195
    • 36249014882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated chemicals in a spatially and temporally integrated food web in the Western Arctic
    • Powley CR, George SW, Russell MH, Hoke RA, Buck RC. 2008. Polyfluorinated chemicals in a spatially and temporally integrated food web in the Western Arctic. Chemosphere 70:664-672.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.70 , pp. 664-672
    • Powley, C.R.1    George, S.W.2    Russell, M.H.3    Hoke, R.A.4    Buck, R.C.5
  • 199
    • 77952558727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new class of perfluorinated acid contaminants: Primary and secondary substituted perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides are acidic at environmentally and toxicologically relevant pH values
    • Rayne S, Forest K. 2009a. A new class of perfluorinated acid contaminants: Primary and secondary substituted perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides are acidic at environmentally and toxicologically relevant pH values. J Environ Sci Health A 44:1388-1399.
    • (2009) J. Environ. Sci. Health A , vol.44 , pp. 1388-1399
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2
  • 200
    • 70449625571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids: A critical review of physicochemical properties, levels and patterns in waters and wastewaters, and treatment methods
    • Rayne S, Forest K. 2009b. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids: A critical review of physicochemical properties, levels and patterns in waters and wastewaters, and treatment methods. J Environ Sci Health A 44:1145-1149.
    • (2009) J. Environ. Sci. Health A , vol.44 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2
  • 201
    • 77950943171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical studies on the pKa values of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
    • Rayne S, Forest K. 2010a. Theoretical studies on the pKa values of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. J Mol Struct THEOCHEM 949:60-69.
    • (2010) J. Mol. Struct THEOCHEM. , vol.949 , pp. 60-69
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2
  • 202
    • 84868271045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous phase hydration and hydrate acidity of perfluoroalkyl and n:2 fluorotelomer aldehydes
    • 8 June 2010.
    • Rayne S, Forest K. 2010b. Aqueous phase hydration and hydrate acidity of perfluoroalkyl and n:2 fluorotelomer aldehydes. Nature Precedings 8 June 2010.
    • (2010) Nature Precedings
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2
  • 203
    • 77951251440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the hydrolysis of perfluorinated compounds containing carboxylic and phosphoric acid ester functions and sulfonamide groups
    • Rayne S, Forest K. 2010c. Modeling the hydrolysis of perfluorinated compounds containing carboxylic and phosphoric acid ester functions and sulfonamide groups. J Environ Sci Health A 45:432-446.
    • (2010) J. Environ. Sci. Health A , vol.45 , pp. 432-446
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2
  • 204
    • 51549112051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8 perfluorinated homologue groups of alkyl sulfonates, carboxylates, telomer alcohols, olefins, and acids, and their derivatives
    • 8 perfluorinated homologue groups of alkyl sulfonates, carboxylates, telomer alcohols, olefins, and acids, and their derivatives. J Environ Sci Health A 43:1391-1401.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Sci. Health A. , vol.43 , pp. 1391-1401
    • Rayne, S.1    Forest, K.2    Friesen, K.J.3
  • 206
    • 30344443070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long and the short of perfluorinated replacements
    • Renner R. 2006. The long and the short of perfluorinated replacements. Environ Sci Technol 40:12-13.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 12-13
    • Renner, R.1
  • 207
    • 42149117778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerobic biotransformation and fate of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in activated sludge
    • Rhoads KR, Janssen EM-L, Luthy RG, Criddle CS. 2008. Aerobic biotransformation and fate of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in activated sludge. Environ Sci Technol 42:2873-2878.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 2873-2878
    • Rhoads, K.R.1    Janssen, E.M.-L.2    Luthy, R.G.3    Criddle, C.S.4
  • 209
    • 77949297723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorochemicals go short
    • Ritter SK. 2010. Fluorochemicals go short. Chem Eng News 88:12-17.
    • (2010) Chem. Eng. News , vol.88 , pp. 12-17
    • Ritter, S.K.1
  • 210
    • 34249977918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of fluorine-based additive content on the physical and physicochemical properties of ski gliding wax
    • Rogowski I, Leonard D, Gauvrit J-Y, Lanteri P. 2007. Influence of fluorine-based additive content on the physical and physicochemical properties of ski gliding wax. Cold Reg Sci Technol 49:145-150.
    • (2007) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , vol.49 , pp. 145-150
    • Rogowski, I.1    Leonard, D.2    Gauvrit, J.-Y.3    Lanteri, P.4
  • 211
    • 77955117222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and partitioning behavior of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes in environmental matrices around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant: Another possible source for perfluorinated carboxylic acids?
    • Ruan T, Wang Y, Wang T, Zhang Q, Ding L, Liu J, Wang C, Qu G, Jiang G. 2010. Presence and partitioning behavior of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes in environmental matrices around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant: Another possible source for perfluorinated carboxylic acids? Environ Sci Technol 44:5755-5761.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 5755-5761
    • Ruan, T.1    Wang, Y.2    Wang, T.3    Zhang, Q.4    Ding, L.5    Liu, J.6    Wang, C.7    Qu, G.8    Jiang, G.9
  • 212
    • 38949106164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the biodegradation potential of a fluoroacrylate polymer product in aerobic soils
    • Russell MH, Berti WR, Szostek B, Buck RC. 2008. Investigation of the biodegradation potential of a fluoroacrylate polymer product in aerobic soils. Environ Sci Technol 42:800-807.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 800-807
    • Russell, M.H.1    Berti, W.R.2    Szostek, B.3    Buck, R.C.4
  • 214
    • 71249162324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of PFO formation from the biodegradation of a fluorotelomer-based urethane polymer product in aerobic soils
    • Russell MH, Berti WR, Szostek B, Wang N, Buck RC. 2010. Evaluation of PFO formation from the biodegradation of a fluorotelomer-based urethane polymer product in aerobic soils. Polym Degrad Stab 95:79-85.
    • (2010) Polym. Degrad. Stab. , vol.95 , pp. 79-85
    • Russell, M.H.1    Berti, W.R.2    Szostek, B.3    Wang, N.4    Buck, R.C.5
  • 216
    • 1642366682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS
    • Schultz MM, Barofsky DF, Field JA. 2004. Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS. Environ Sci Technol 38:1828-1835.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 1828-1835
    • Schultz, M.M.1    Barofsky, D.F.2    Field, J.A.3
  • 221
    • 80053389502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and fate of perfluorochemicals in soil following the land application of municipal biosolids
    • DOI: 10.1021/es103903d
    • Sepulvado JG, Blaine AC, Hundal LS, Higgins CP. 2011. Occurrence and fate of perfluorochemicals in soil following the land application of municipal biosolids. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es103903d
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Sepulvado, J.G.1    Blaine, A.C.2    Hundal, L.S.3    Higgins, C.P.4
  • 222
    • 24644480530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated sulfonamides in indoor and outdoor air and indoor dust: Occurrence, partitioning, and human exposure
    • Shoeib M, Harner T,Wilford BH, Jones KC, Zhu J. 2005. Perfluorinated sulfonamides in indoor and outdoor air and indoor dust: Occurrence, partitioning, and human exposure. Environ Sci Technol 39:6599-6606.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 6599-6606
    • Shoeib, M.1    Harner, T.2    Wilford, B.H.3    Jones, K.C.4    Zhu, J.5
  • 223
    • 77953962425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the atmosphere over the northeast Atlantic Ocean
    • Shoeib M, Vlahos P, Harner T, Peters A, Graustein M, Narayan J. 2010. Survey of polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the atmosphere over the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Atmos Environ 44:2887-2893.
    • (2010) Atmos. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 2887-2893
    • Shoeib, M.1    Vlahos, P.2    Harner, T.3    Peters, A.4    Graustein, M.5    Narayan, J.6
  • 224
    • 80053426749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor sources of poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for human exposure
    • DOI: 10.1021/es103562v
    • Shoeib M, Harner T, Webster GM, Lee SC. 2011. Indoor sources of poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for human exposure. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es103562v
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Shoeib, M.1    Harner, T.2    Webster, G.M.3    Lee, S.C.4
  • 227
    • 33644869079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass loading and fate of perfluoroalkyl surfactants in wastewater treatment plants
    • Sinclair E, Kannan K. 2006. Mass loading and fate of perfluoroalkyl surfactants in wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Technol 40:1408-1414.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 1408-1414
    • Sinclair, E.1    Kannan, K.2
  • 229
    • 0003536898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organofluorine chemistry: Principles and commercial applications
    • In:, editors, New York (NY): Plenum.
    • In: Banks RE, Smart BE, Tatlow JC, editors. Organofluorine chemistry: Principles and commercial applications. New York (NY): Plenum. p 57-88.
    • Banks, R.E.1    Smart, B.E.2    Tatlow, J.C.3
  • 230
    • 33646346869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health risks in infants associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from Zhoushan, China
    • So MK, Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Jiang Q, Giesy JP, Chen K, Lam PKS. 2006. Health risks in infants associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from Zhoushan, China. Environ Sci Technol 40:2924- 2929.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 2924-2929
    • So, M.K.1    Yamashita, N.2    Taniyasu, S.3    Jiang, Q.4    Giesy, J.P.5    Chen, K.6    Lam, P.K.S.7
  • 233
    • 84868271861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from:
    • Solvay Solexis. 2011. FluorolinkR and SolveraR products. [cited 2011 February 8]. Available from: http://www.solvaysites.com/sites/solvayplastics/EN/specialty_polymers/Fl uorinated_Fluids/Pages/Fluorinated_Fluids.aspx
    • (2011) FluorolinkR and SolveraR products
    • Solexis, S.1
  • 234
    • 77958462593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources
    • Stemmler I, Lammel G. 2010. Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources. Atmos Chem Phys 10:9965-9980.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 9965-9980
    • Stemmler, I.1    Lammel, G.2
  • 235
    • 34250858388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: Evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination
    • Stock NL, Furdui VI, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2007. Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: Evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination. Environ Sci Technol 41:3529-3536.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 3529-3536
    • Stock, N.L.1    Furdui, V.I.2    Muir, D.C.G.3    Mabury, S.A.4
  • 236
    • 43749094821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated compounds in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA
    • Strynar MJ, Lindstrom AB. 2008. Perfluorinated compounds in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA. Environ Sci Technol 42:3751-3756.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 3751-3756
    • Strynar, M.J.1    Lindstrom, A.B.2
  • 238
    • 78650610113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans
    • Sturm R, Ahrens L. 2010. Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans. Environ Chem 7:457-484.
    • (2010) Environ. Chem. , vol.7 , pp. 457-484
    • Sturm, R.1    Ahrens, L.2
  • 239
    • 26844578419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer acids, and short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in water and biota
    • Taniyasu S, Kannan K, So MK, Gulkowska A, Sinclair E, Okazawa T, Yamashita N. 2005 Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer acids, and short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in water and biota. J Chromatogr A 1093:89- 97.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1093 , pp. 89-97
    • Taniyasu, S.1    Kannan, K.2    So, M.K.3    Gulkowska, A.4    Sinclair, E.5    Okazawa, T.6    Yamashita, N.7
  • 240
    • 45049086221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of trifluoroacetic acid and other short-chain perfluorinated acids (C2-C4) in precipitation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison to patterns of long-chain perfluorinated acids (C5-C18)
    • Taniyasu S, Kannan K, Yeung LWY, Kwok KY, Lam PKS, Yamashita N. 2008. Analysis of trifluoroacetic acid and other short-chain perfluorinated acids (C2-C4) in precipitation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison to patterns of long-chain perfluorinated acids (C5-C18). Anal Chim Acta 619:221-230.
    • (2008) Anal. Chim. Acta. , vol.619 , pp. 221-230
    • Taniyasu, S.1    Kannan, K.2    Yeung, L.W.Y.3    Kwok, K.Y.4    Lam, P.K.S.5    Yamashita, N.6
  • 241
    • 0014419925 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that there are two forms of fluoride in human serum
    • Taves DR. 1968. Evidence that there are two forms of fluoride in human serum. Nature 217:1050-1051.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 1050-1051
    • Taves, D.R.1
  • 242
    • 23144434881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorinated surfactants in practice
    • Taylor CK. 1999. Fluorinated surfactants in practice.
    • (1999)
    • Taylor, C.K.1
  • 244
    • 84868271863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorinated surfactants
    • Thomas RR. 2006. Fluorinated surfactants.
    • (2006)
    • Thomas, R.R.1
  • 246
    • 14144249362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and characterization of a solvent extraction-gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the analysis of perfluorooctanesulfonamide compounds in solid matrices
    • Tittlemier SA, Pepper K, Edwards L, Tomy G. 2005. Development and characterization of a solvent extraction-gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the analysis of perfluorooctanesulfonamide compounds in solid matrices. J Chromatogr A 1066:189-195.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1066 , pp. 189-195
    • Tittlemier, S.A.1    Pepper, K.2    Edwards, L.3    Tomy, G.4
  • 247
    • 33751221604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonamides in Canadian Total Diet Study composite food samples collected between 1992 and 2004
    • Tittlemier SA, Pepper K, Edwards L. 2006. Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonamides in Canadian Total Diet Study composite food samples collected between 1992 and 2004. J Agric Food Chem 54:8385-8389.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.54 , pp. 8385-8389
    • Tittlemier, S.A.1    Pepper, K.2    Edwards, L.3
  • 251
    • 79961173767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyfluorinated surfactants (PFS) in paper and board coatings for food packaging
    • Trier X, Granby K, Christensen J. 2011. Polyfluorinated surfactants (PFS) in paper and board coatings for food packaging. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:1108-1120.
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 1108-1120
    • Trier, X.1    Granby, K.2    Christensen, J.3
  • 252
    • 80051669766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural isomers of polyfluorinated diand tri-alkylated phosphate ester surfactants present in industrial blends and in microwave popcorn bags
    • Trier X, Nielsen NJ, Christensen JH. 2011. Structural isomers of polyfluorinated diand tri-alkylated phosphate ester surfactants present in industrial blends and in microwave popcorn bags. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:1422-1432.
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 1422-1432
    • Trier, X.1    Nielsen, N.J.2    Christensen, J.H.3
  • 254
    • 0018938117 scopus 로고
    • Health status of plant workers exposed to fluorochemicals: A preliminary report
    • Ubel FA, Sorenson SD, Roach DE. 1980. Health status of plant workers exposed to fluorochemicals: A preliminary report. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 41:584-589.
    • (1980) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , vol.41 , pp. 584-589
    • Ubel, F.A.1    Sorenson, S.D.2    Roach, D.E.3
  • 258
    • 84868293530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency, cited 2011 January 9, Available from
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. EPA and 3M announce phaseout of PFOS. [cited 2011 January 9]. Available from: http://yosemite.epa.gov/ opa/admpress.nsf/0/33aa946e6cb11f35852568e1005246b4.
    • (2000) EPA and 3M announce phaseout of PFOS
  • 260
    • 77951706353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency, cited 2011 9 January, Available from
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2006b. 2010/2015 PFOA Stewardship Program. [cited 2011 9 January]. Available from: http://www. epa.gov/opptintr/pfoa/pubs/stewardship/.
    • (2006) 2010/2015 PFOA Stewardship Program
  • 261
    • 84863503819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency, cited 2010 December 11, Available from
    • [USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) action plan. [cited 2010 December 11]. Available from: http:// www.epa.gov/opptintr/existingchemicals/pubs/pfcs_action_plan1230_09.pdf.
    • (2009) Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) action plan
  • 263
    • 84868271865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the risks arising from the industrial use of perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) and from their use in consumer articles
    • van der Putte I, Murín M, van Velthoven M, Affourtit F. 2010. Analysis of the risks arising from the industrial use of perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) and from their use in consumer articles. Delft (NL): RPS Advies.
    • (2010) Delft (NL): RPS Advies
    • Putte, I.V.D.1    Murín, M.2    Velthoven, M.V.3    Affourtit, F.4
  • 264
    • 34248588569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices
    • van Leeuwen SPJ, de Boer J. 2007. Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices. J Chromatogr A 1153:172-185.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1153 , pp. 172-185
    • Leeuwen, S.P.J.V.1    Boer, J.D.2
  • 269
    • 65049092225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8-2 Fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic soil biodegradation: Pathways, metabolites, and metabolite yields
    • Wang N, Szostek B, Buck RC, Folsom PW, Sulecki LM, Gannon JT. 2009. 8-2 Fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic soil biodegradation: Pathways, metabolites, and metabolite yields. Chemosphere 75:1089-1096.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.75 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Wang, N.1    Szostek, B.2    Buck, R.C.3    Folsom, P.W.4    Sulecki, L.M.5    Gannon, J.T.6
  • 271
    • 34447263264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global mass balance analysis of the source of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the Arctic Ocean
    • Wania F. 2007. A global mass balance analysis of the source of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the Arctic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 41:4529-4535.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 4529-4535
    • Wania, F.1
  • 274
    • 74949097406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to comments on "Degradability of an acrylate-linked, fluorotelomer polymer in soil."
    • Washington JW, Ellington JJ, Jenkins TM, Yoo H. 2009b. Response to comments on "Degradability of an acrylate-linked, fluorotelomer polymer in soil." Environ Sci Technol 44:849-850.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 849-850
    • Washington, J.W.1    Ellington, J.J.2    Jenkins, T.M.3    Yoo, H.4
  • 275
    • 77955705675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of sea spray generation in the atmospheric transport of perfluorocarboxylic acids
    • Webster E, Ellis DA. 2010. The potential role of sea spray generation in the atmospheric transport of perfluorocarboxylic acids. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:1703-1708.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Webster, E.1    Ellis, D.A.2
  • 276
    • 77955696141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the environmental fate of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanoate: An investigation of the role of individual species partitioning
    • Webster E, Ellis DA, Reid LK. 2010. Modeling the environmental fate of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanoate: An investigation of the role of individual species partitioning. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:1466-1475.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1466-1475
    • Webster, E.1    Ellis, D.A.2    Reid, L.K.3
  • 278
    • 78650966420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air
    • Weinberg I, Dreyer A, Ebinghaus R. 2011a. Landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air. Atmos Environ 45:935-941.
    • (2011) Atmos. Environ. , vol.45 , pp. 935-941
    • Weinberg, I.1    Dreyer, A.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 279
    • 78349306281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waste water treatment plants as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air
    • Weinberg I, Dreyer A, Ebinghaus R. 2011b. Waste water treatment plants as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air. Environ Pollut 159:125-132.
    • (2011) Environ. Pollut. , vol.159 , pp. 125-132
    • Weinberg, I.1    Dreyer, A.2    Ebinghaus, R.3
  • 280
    • 70349615595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subacute exposure to N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol results in the formation of perfluorooctanesulfonate and alters superoxide dismutase activity in female rats
    • Xie W, Wu Q, Kania-Korwel I, Tharappel J, Telu S, Coleman M, Glauert H, Kannan K, Mariappan S, Spitz D., et al. 2009. Subacute exposure to N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol results in the formation of perfluorooctanesulfonate and alters superoxide dismutase activity in female rats. Arch Toxicol 83:909-924.
    • (2009) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.83 , pp. 909-924
    • Xie, W.1    Wu, Q.2    Kania-Korwel, I.3    Tharappel, J.4    Telu, S.5    Coleman, M.6    Glauert, H.7    Kannan, K.8    Mariappan, S.9    Spitz, D.10
  • 281
    • 3042727192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)perfluorooctanesulfonamide by rat liver microsomes, cytosol, and slices and by expressed rat and human cytochromes P450
    • Xu L, Krenitsky DM, Seacat AM, Butenhoff JL, Anders MW. 2004. Biotransformation of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)perfluorooctanesulfonamide by rat liver microsomes, cytosol, and slices and by expressed rat and human cytochromes P450. Chem Res Toxicol 17:767-775.
    • (2004) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 767-775
    • Xu, L.1    Krenitsky, D.M.2    Seacat, A.M.3    Butenhoff, J.L.4    Anders, M.W.5
  • 282
    • 33746084146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Glucuronidation of perfluorooctanesulfonamide by human, rat, dog, and monkey liver microsomes and by expressed rat and human UDPglucuronosyl transferases
    • Xu L, Krenitsky DM, Seacat AM, Butenhoff JL, Tephly TR, Anders MW. 2006. N-Glucuronidation of perfluorooctanesulfonamide by human, rat, dog, and monkey liver microsomes and by expressed rat and human UDPglucuronosyl transferases. Drug Metab Dispos 34:1406-1410.
    • (2006) Drug. Metab. Dispos. , vol.34 , pp. 1406-1410
    • Xu, L.1    Krenitsky, D.M.2    Seacat, A.M.3    Butenhoff, J.L.4    Tephly, T.R.5    Anders, M.W.6
  • 284
    • 56449111310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine, perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related fluorochemicals in liver of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from South China
    • Yeung LWY, Miyake Y, Wang Y, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Lam PKS. 2009. Total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine, perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related fluorochemicals in liver of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from South China. Environ Pollut 157:17-23.
    • (2009) Environ. Pollut. , vol.157 , pp. 17-23
    • Yeung, L.W.Y.1    Miyake, Y.2    Wang, Y.3    Taniyasu, S.4    Yamashita, N.5    Lam, P.K.S.6
  • 286
    • 78449245424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations, distribution, and persistence of fluorotelomer alcohols in sludge-applied soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA
    • Yoo H, Washington JW, Ellington JJ, Jenkins TM, Neill MP. 2010. Concentrations, distribution, and persistence of fluorotelomer alcohols in sludge-applied soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA. Environ Sci Technol 44:8397-8402.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 8397-8402
    • Yoo, H.1    Washington, J.W.2    Ellington, J.J.3    Jenkins, T.M.4    Neill, M.P.5
  • 287
    • 80053428213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals and fluorotelomer alcohols in plants from biosolidamended fields using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS
    • DOI: 10.1021/es102972m
    • Yoo H, Washington JW, Jenkins TM, Ellington JJ. 2011. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals and fluorotelomer alcohols in plants from biosolidamended fields using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/es102972m.
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol.
    • Yoo, H.1    Washington, J.W.2    Jenkins, T.M.3    Ellington, J.J.4
  • 288
    • 77956390373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric perfluorinated acid precursors: chemistry, occurrence, and impacts
    • Young CJ, Mabury SA. 2010. Atmospheric perfluorinated acid precursors: chemistry, occurrence, and impacts. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 208:1-109.
    • (2010) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.208 , pp. 1-109
    • Young, C.J.1    Mabury, S.A.2
  • 291
    • 77954564485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two extraction methods for the analysis of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals in digested sewage sludge
    • Zhang T, Sun H, Gerecke AC, Kannan K, Müller CE, Alder AC. 2010. Comparison of two extraction methods for the analysis of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals in digested sewage sludge. J Chromatogr A 1217: 5026-5034.
    • (2010) J. Chromatogr. A. , vol.1217 , pp. 5026-5034
    • Zhang, T.1    Sun, H.2    Gerecke, A.C.3    Kannan, K.4    Müller, C.E.5    Alder, A.C.6
  • 292
    • 74149083700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time trends of perfluorinated compounds from the sediment core of Tokyo Bay, Japan (1950s-2004)
    • Zushi Y, Tamada M, Kanai Y, Masunaga S. 2010. Time trends of perfluorinated compounds from the sediment core of Tokyo Bay, Japan (1950s-2004). Environ Pollut 158:756-763.
    • (2010) Environ. Pollut. , vol.158 , pp. 756-763
    • Zushi, Y.1    Tamada, M.2    Kanai, Y.3    Masunaga, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.