The political rise of the prosperous justice party in post-authoritarian Indonesia: Examining the political economy of Islamist mobilization in a muslim democracy

Asian Survey

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 971-992

  Hamayotsu, Kikue ^a  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Indonesia; PKS; Political Islam; Religious parties; Welfare

Indexed keywords

AUTHORITARIANISM; DEMOCRACY; ISLAMISM; MOBILIZATION; PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL ECONOMY; STRATEGIC APPROACH; WELFARE IMPACT;

INDONESIA;

EID: 82155167476     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: 1533838X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.2011.51.5.971     Document Type: Article

References (91)

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9. Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002)
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19. For the I999 record, see Anthony Bubalo and Greg Fealy, "Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism, and Indonesia," Lowy Institute Paper 05, Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2005,p. 70.
20. The latest record was gathered at a presentation by the Election Strategic Committee at PKS Mukurnas (National Congress), Makassar, Indonesia, July 22, 2008.
21. SeeKompas Indonesia Memilih [Kompas Indonesia Elects], , accessed May 29, 2009.
22. For related problems inside Golkar, see Dirk Tomsa, Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in the Post-Suharto Era (London: Routledge, 2008).
23. I5. Michael Buehler and Paige Tan, "Party-Candidate Relationships in Indonesian Local Politics: A Case Study of the 2005 Regional Elections in Gowa, South Sulawesi Province," Indonesia 84 (October 2007), pp. 41-69
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26. Bubalo and Fealy, "Joining the Caravan?"; Elizabeth Fuller Collins, "'Islam Is the Solution': Dakwah and Democracy in Indonesia," Kultur 3:I (2003), pp. 151-82;
27. Hasan,"Islamist Party, Electoral Politics"; Machmudi, IslamisingIndonesia; Permata, Islamist Party.
28. The former PKS president, Tifatul Sembiring, strongly denounced an allegation that the party retains a hidden agenda to implement Shariah and declared that its official position is that Islam only forms the party's philosophical foundation. PK-Sejahtera Online, April 2I, 2009,.
29. "Affirming Moderation of PKS," Jakarta Post, June 28, 2010;
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31. Sunny Tanuwidjaja, "Political Islam and Islamic Parties in Indonesia: Critically Assessing the Evidence of Islam's Political Decline," Contemporary Southeast Asia 32:1 (April 2010), pp. 29-49.
32. For example, Jamie Davidson, "Dilemmas ofDemocratic Consolidation in Indonesia," Pacific Review 22:3 (July 2009), pp. 293-310
33. Paige Johnson Tan, "The Anti-Party Reaction in Indonesia: Causes and Implications," Contemporary Southeast Asia 24:3 (December 2002), pp. 88-114.
34. "Voters Value Actions over Ideology," Jakarta Post, July 11, 2008
35. Thomas B. Pepinsky, William R. Liddle, and Saiful Mujani, "Testing Political Islam's Economic Advantage: The Case of Indonesia," paper presented at the APSA Annual Meeting, Toronto, September 3-6, 2009.
36. World Bank Jakarta, "Investing in Indonesia's Education at the District Level: An Analysis of Regional Public Expenditure and Financial Management" (2009), at
37. idem, "Investing in Indonesia's Health: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Public Spending," Health Public Expenditure Review 2008, at < http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/ Peer-Reviewed-Publications/HPEREnglishFinal.pdf >
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39. Hilman Latief, "Health Provision for the Poor: Islamic Aid and the Rise of Charitable Clinics in Indonesia," South East Asia Research 18:3 (September 2010), pp. 503-53
40. Minako Sakai, "Community Development through Islamic Microfinance: Serving the Financial Needs ofthe Poor in a Viable Way," in Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia, eds. Greg Fealy and Sally White (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008), pp. 267-85.
41. Majelis Pertimbangan Pusat Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, Platform Kebijakan Pembangunan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera: Terwujudnya Masyarakat Madani Yang Adil, Sejahtera, Dan Bermartabat [PKS development policy platform: The emergence ofa fair, prosperous, and dignified civil society] (Jakarta: PKS, 2007).
42. For intra-party dynamics of the party, see Kikue Hamayotsu, "Beyond Faith and Identity: Mobilizing Islamic Youth in a Democratic Indonesia," Pacific Review 24:2 (May 2011).
43. Clark, Islam, Charity, and Activism.
44. Author interviews with Musholi, head of the PKS Social Welfare Section, in Depok, West Java, Indonesia, July 5, 2008
45. and with then-director ofthe PKS Economy, Finance, Industry, and Technology Section, Mohamad Sohibul Iman, in Depok, July II, 2008.
46. Author interviews with Musholi; and with Bachtiar Firdaus, a PKS Kesra leader in charge of health and social affairs, in Depok, July 2, 2008.
47. Author interviews with Devi Santy Erawaty, head of the Kesra, PKS South Sulawesi Province, in Makassar, July 24, 2008
48. and Dr. Najmi Puspasari, leader of PKS Manado and medical doctor, in Makassar, July 21, 2008.
49. Official presentation at PKS National Congress, Makassar, July 21-23, 2009.
50. Author interviews with Ledia Hanifa, former head of the women's division and currently a member ofDPR, Jakarta, June 23, 2008, and July 3, 2009
51. T. Farida Rachmayanti, PKS member of the local legislative assembly (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD), in Kota Depok, July 21, 2010.
52. For widespread anti-party attitudes in Indonesia, see Tan, "The Anti-Party Reaction in Indonesia"; Musholi interview; Bachtiar Firdaus interview.
53. Author interviews with the managing director of Salimah, Nurul Hidayati, Jakarta, June 26 and July 15, 2008.
54. Robert W. Hefner, "Islamic Schools, Social Movements, and Democracy in Indonesia," in Making Modern Muslims: The Politics ofIslamic Education in Southeast Asia, ed. Robert W. Hefner (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2008)
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56. Author interview with Fahmy Alaydroes, Nurul Fikri Boarding School, Depok, July 16, 2008.
57. JSIT Indonesia, < http://www.jsit.web.id/>, accessed December 7, 2010.
58. The founding director of Rumah Zakat, Abu Syauqi, was the PKS candidate for the mayoral election in Bandung in 2008.
59. Rumah Zakat monthly reports, RUMAHLENTERA,edition 21 (December 2007/January 2008) to edition 26 (June/July 2008)
60. ; author interviews with Rumah Zakat staff, Bandung, July 10, 2008.
61. Latief, "Health Provision for the Poor"
62. Sakai, "Community Development."
63. PKS, Platform Kebijakan Pembangunan, pp. 37-50.
64. Permata, Islamist Party, pp. 234-35.
65. Author interview with Muhammad Razikun, PKS head of the Election Strategic Committee, Jakarta, June 29, 2008.
66. Author interview with Susy Smita Pattisahusiwa, member of DPRD Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar, July 22, 2008.
67. Herbert Kitschelt and Steven I. Wilkinson, eds., Patrons, Client, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
68. Frederic C. Schaffer, ed., Elections for Sale: The Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2007).
69. Author interview with Zulkieflimansyah, a member of DPR, Jakarta, June 17, 2008; and Hanifa interview.
70. KOSSUMA pamphlets gathered at Salimah: Profil KOSSUMA [KOSSUMA's profile]; SALIMAH; Koperasi Syari'ah Serba Usaha Salimah, Depok.
71. Author meetings with PKS leaders in charge of microfinance schemes, Jakarta, June 26 and July 15, 2008; Makassar, July 22, 2008
72. Depok, July 28, 2008. The author also participated in their community meetings with members in Depok and Jakarta.
73. "Istimewa, Gerak Kader PKS" [Excellent, PKS cadre's performance], Kompas,June 10, 2005.
74. Author interview with Amri Yusra, former member of DPRD, Depok, July 1, 2010.
75. See also "Pemilu atau Tidak Pemilu, Aksi Sosial PKS Lanjut" [Election or not, PKS social activities continue], PK-Sejahtera Online, June 3, 2008.
76. Presentation by the Election Strategic Committee at the PKS National Congress, Makassar, July 22, 2008.
77. Various reports from PK-Sejahtera Online, < http://www.pk-sejahtera. org >.
78. Edward Aspinall, "Elections and the Normalization ofPolitics in Indonesia," South EastAsia Research 13:2 (July 2005), pp. 128-31
79. Bubalo and Fealy, Joining the Caravan?"p. 69
80. Syahrul Hidayat, "Moderation and the Stagnation of the PKS in the 2009 Legislative Election," Democratization & New Voter Mobilization in Southeast Asia, LSE (London School of Economics and Political Science) IDEA Report, SR005( 2010),
81. Michael Buehler, "The Ties That Bind: Comparing the Fabric of Islamist Party Mobilization in Malaysia and Indonesia," paper presented at the APSA Annual Meeting, Toronto, September 3-6, 2009.
82. Author interviews with PKS leaders as well as directors of PKS-affiliated social organizations, Bandung, Jakarta, Jombang, and Yogyakarta, June-August 2008.
83. Eunsook Jung, Taking Care of the Faithful: Islamic Organizations and Partisan Engagement in Indonesia, Ph.D. diss., Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2009, ch. 6.
84. Author interviews with PKS cadres, Jombang, East Java, July 28, 2010.
85. In 2009, PKS won six seats at DPR, seven at the province-level local legislative assembly (DPRD), and 80 at the district-level DPRD throughout East Java Province compared with two, three, and 36 in 2004, respectively. See PKS Jawa Timur Online, October 2, 2010, < http://pks-jatim.org/v2/?p=i922>, accessed December 12, 2010.
86. Jung, Taking Care of the Faithful, pp. 151-71.
87. Data gathered at PKS, East Java Province office, Surabaya, July 30, 2010.
88. "PKS Fokus ke Massa Pinggiran" [PKS shifted its focus to rural masses], Kompas, May 31, 2008
89. author interview with Muhammad Haris, PKS member of DPRD Central Java Province, Semarang, July 7, 2010.
90. Marcus Mietzner, Indonesia's 2009 Elections: Populism, Dynasties, and the Consolidation of the Party System (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2009), pp. 4-5.
91. Sinno, "Of Opportunities and Organization."