Whom should firms attract to open innovation platforms? The role of knowledge diversity and motivation

Long Range Planning

Volumn 44, Issue 5-6, 2011, Pages 397-420

  Frey, Karsten ^a   Lüthje, Christian ^b   Haag, Simon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b HAMBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROADCAST SEARCH; CONTENT ANALYSIS; CROWDSOURCING; DATA SETS; EXTERNAL PROBLEMS; INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE; INNOVATION PROJECTS; INTERACTION EFFECT; INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; KNOWLEDGE DIVERSITY; KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS; MONETARY REWARDS; OPEN INNOVATION; SURVEY DATA;

MOTIVATION;

INNOVATION;

COGNITION; DATA SET; INNOVATION; INTERNET; KNOWLEDGE; RESEARCH;

EID: 81055156056     PISSN: 00246301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lrp.2011.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Adams J.S. Inequity in social exchange. Advances in experimental social psychology 1965, 267-299. Academic Press, New York. L. Berkowitz (Ed.).
2. Afuah A. Redefining firm boundaries in the face of the internet: are firms really shrinking?. Academy of Management Review 2003, 28(1):34-53.
3. Ajzen I., Madden T.J. Prediction of goal-directed behavior: attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1986, 22(5):453-474.
4. Amabile T.M. What does a theory of creativity require?. Psychological Inquiry 1993, 4(3):179-181.
5. Amabile T.M. Creativity in Context: Update to the Social Psychology of Creativity 1996, Westview Press, Boulder.
6. Amabile T.M. How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review 1998, 76(5):76-87.
7. Bagozzi R.P., Dholakia U.M. Open source software user communities: a study of participation in Linux user groups. Management Science 2006, 52(7):1099-1115.
8. Baldwin C., Hienerth C., Hippel E.V. How user innovations become commercial products: a theoretical investigation and case study. Research Policy 2006, 35(9):1291-1313.
9. Baldwin, C. Y. and von Hippel, E. 2009. Modeling a paradigm shift: From producer innovation to user and open collaborative innovation. MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper # 4764-09, available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1502864.
10. Bogers M., Afuah A., Bastian B. Users as innovators: a review, critique, and future research directions. Journal of management 2010, 36(4):857-875.
11. Bougon M.G. Congregate cognitive maps: a unified dynamic theory of organization and strategy. The Journal of Management Studies 1992, 29(3):369-390.
12. Bower G.H., Hilgard E.R. Theories of Learning 1981, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
13. Bunderson J.S., Sutcliffe K.M. Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams: process and performance effects. Academy of Management Journal 2002, 45(5):875-893.
14. Chesbrough H. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology 2003, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA.
15. Chesbrough H., Appleyard M. Open innovation and strategy. California Management Review 2007, 50(1):57-76.
16. Chesbrough H.W., Vanhaverbeke W., West J. Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm 2006, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
17. Chin W., Marcolin B., Newsted P. A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research 2003, 14(2):189-217.
18. Chin W.W. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research 1998, 295-336. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey. G. Marcoulides (Ed.).
19. Chin W.W. How to write up and report PLS analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares 2010, 655-690. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. V. Esposito, W.W. Chin, J. Henseler, H. Wang (Eds.).
20. Cohen-Charash Y., Spector P. The role of justice in organizations: a meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2001, 86(2):278-321.
21. Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1960, 20(1):37-46.
22. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York. 2nd ed.
23. Cohen W., Levinthal D. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 1990, 35(1):128-152.
24. Csikszentmihalyi M. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety 1975, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
25. Dahlander L., Gann D.M. How open is innovation?. Research Policy 2010, 39(6):699-709.
26. Dahlander L., Wallin M.W. A man on the inside: unlocking communities as complementary assets. Research Policy 2006, 35(8):1243-1259.
27. David P., Waterman A., Arora S. FLOSS-US: The Free/Libre/Open Source Software Survey for 2003 2003, Stanford University, California.
28. Dean D.L., Hender J.M., Rodgers T.L., Santanen E.L. Identifying quality, novel, and creative ideas: constructs and scales for idea evaluation. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 2006, 7(1):646-699.
29. Deci E. Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1972, 22(1):113-120.
30. Deci E., Koestner R., Ryan R. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin 1999, 125(6):627-668.
31. Deci E.L. Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1971, 18(1):105-115.
32. Ebner W., Leimeister J.M., Krcmar H. Community engineering for innovations: the ideas competition as a method to nurture a virtual community for innovations. R & D Management 2009, 39(4):342-356.
33. Fornell C., Bookstein F.L. Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing Research 1982, 19(4):440-452.
34. Fornell C., Larcker D. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 1981, 18(1):39-50.
35. Franke N., Shah S. How communities support innovative activities: An exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users. Research Policy 2003, 32(1):157-178.
36. Franke N., von Hippel E., Schreier M. Finding commercially attractive user innovations: a test of lead-user theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management 2006, 23(4):301-315.
37. Frey B. Not Just for the Money: An Economic Theory of Personal Motivation 1997, Edward Elgar, Brookfield.
38. Füller J. Why consumers engage in virtual new product developments initiated by producers. Advances in Consumer Research 2006, 33(1):639-646.
39. Füller J. Refining virtual co-creation from a consumer perspective. California management review 2010, 52(2):98-123.
40. Füller J., Jawecki G., Mühlbacher H. Innovation creation by online basketball communities. Journal of Business Research 2007, 60(1):60-71.
41. Füller J., Mühlbacher H., Matzler K., Jawecki G. Consumer empowerment through internet-based co-creation. Journal of Management Information Systems 2009, 26(3):71-102.
42. Galegher J., Sproull L., Kiesler S. Legitimacy, authority, and community in electronic support groups. Written Communication 1998, 15(4):493-530.
43. Gassmann O., Enkel E. Open innovation. Die öffnung des Innovationsprozesses erhöht das Innovationspotential. Zeitschrift für Führung und Organisation zfo 2006, 75(3):132-138.
44. Ghani J., Deshpande S. Task characteristics and the experience of optimal flow in human-computer interaction. The Journal of Psychology 1994, 128(4):381-391.
45. Ghosh R.A. Understanding free software developers: findings from the FLOSS study. Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software 2005, 23-46. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S.A. Hissam, K.R. Lakhani (Eds.).
46. Guion R.M., Landy F.J. The Meaning of Work and the Motivation to Work. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 1972, 7(2):308-339.
47. Hallerstede S.H., Neyer A.K., Bullinger A.C., Möslein K.M. Normalo? Tüftler? Profi?. Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik (MKWI) 2010, 2010:245-246. Universitätsverlag Goettingen, Goettingen. M. Schummann, L.M. Kolbe, M.H. Breitner, A. Friedrichs (Eds.).
48. Hargadon A. How Breakthroughs Happen: The Surprising Truth about how Companies Innovate 2003, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA.
49. Hars A., Ou S. Working for free? Motivations for participating in open-source projects. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 2002, 6(3):25-39.
50. Haslam S.A. Psychology in organizations: The social identity approach 2001, Sage, London, UK and Thousand Oaks, CA. 2nd edition.
51. Hemetsberger A. When consumers produce on the internet: the relationship between cognitive-affective, socially based, and behavioral involvement of prosumers. The Journal of Social Psychology 2004, available at:. http://kb.cospa-project.org/retrieve/2607/hemetsberger2601.pdf.
52. Henkel J., Hippel E. Welfare implications of user innovation. Journal of Technology Transfer 2005, 1(2):73-87.
53. Henkel J., Sander J.G. Identifikation innovativer Nutzer in virtuellen communities. Auflage 2003, vol. 1:73-102. Gabler, Wiesbaden. C. Herstatt, B. Verworn (Eds.).
54. Henseler J., Ringle C.M., Sinkovics R.R. The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing: New Challenges to International Marketing 2009, 277-319. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK. R.R. Sinkovics, P.N. Ghauri (Eds.).
55. Hertel G., Niedner S., Herrmann S. Motivation of software developers in open source projects: an internet-based survey of contributors to the Linux Kernel. Research Policy 2003, 32(7):1159-1177.
56. Herzberg F. The motivation to work among finnish supervisors. Personnel Psychology 1965, 18(4):393-402.
57. House R.J. Path-goal theory of leadership: lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory. The Leadership Quarterly 1996, 7(3):323-352.
58. Howe J. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine 2006, 14(6):1-4.
59. Howe J. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business 2008, Random House, New York.
60. Hsu M.-H., Ju T.L., Yen C.-H., Chang C.-M. Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: The relationship between trust, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2007, 65(2):153-170.
61. Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Mueller, J., Fueller, J. and Matzler, K. 2010. Communitition: the tension between competition and collaboration in community based design contests, Proceedings of the International Product Development Management Conference (IPDMC). Murcia.
62. Jeppesen L.B. User toolkits for innovation: Consumers support each other. The Journal of Product Innovation Management 2005, 22(4):347-362.
63. Jeppesen, L. B. and Lakhani, K. R. 2010. Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search, Organization Science, DOI ed., Vol. published online before print February 22.
64. Jeppesen L.B., Laursen K. The role of lead users in knowledge sharing. Research Policy 2009, 38(10):1582-1589.
65. Jones D.W., Mawhinney T.C. The interaction of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation - A review and suggestions for future research. Academy of Management Proceedings 1977, 62-65.
66. Kanfer R., Chen G. Work Motivation: Past, Present, and Future 2008, Routledge, New York.
67. Kilduff M., Angelmar R., Mehra A. Top management-team diversity and firm performance: examining the role of cognitions. Organization Science 2000, 11(1):21-34.
68. Klehe U.-C., Anderson N. Working hard and working smart: motivation and ability during typical and maximum performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, 92(4):978-992.
69. Kopelman R.E. A causal-correlational test of the porter and Lawler framework. Human Relations 1979, 32(7):545-556.
70. Kozinets R.V. Can consumers escape the market? Emancipatory illuminations from burning man. Journal of Consumer Research 2002, 29(1):20-38.
71. Kozinets R.V., Hemetsberger A., Schau H.J. The wisdom of consumer crowds. Journal of Macromarketing 2008, 339-354.
72. Krippendorff K. Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology 2004, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. 2nd ed.
73. Kruskal W.H., Wallis W.A. Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1952, 47(260):583-621.
74. Lakhani K., Hippel E.V. How open source software works: "free" user-to-user assistance. Research Policy 2003, 32(6):923-943.
75. Lakhani K., Wolf R. Why hackers do what they do: understanding motivation and effort in free/open source software projects. Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software 2005, 3-22. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 1st ed. J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S. Hissam, K.R. Lakhani (Eds.).
76. Lakhani K.R., Jeppesen L.B., Lohse P.A., Panetta J.A. The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving 2006, Working Paper, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA.
77. Lawler E. Motivation in Work Organizations 1994, Jossey-Bass Inc Pub, San Francisco. 1st ed.
78. Lerner J., Tirole J. Some simple economics of open source. Journal of Industrial Economics 2002, 50(2):197-234.
79. Locke E.A. The ubiquity of the technique of goal setting in theories of and approaches to employee motivation. Academy of Management Review 1978, 3(3):594-601.
80. Lovett M.C., Anderson J.R. History of success and current context in problem solving. Cognitive Psychology 1996, 31(2):168-217.
81. Luthiger B., Jungwirth C. Pervasive fun 2007, vol. 12. First Monday.
82. Lüthje C. Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field: An empirical study of sport-related product consumers. Technovation 2004, 24(9):683-695.
83. Lüthje C., Herstatt C., von Hippel E. User-innovators and "local" information: the case of mountain biking. Research Policy 2005, 34(6):951-965.
84. MacCrimmon K.R., Wagner C. Stimulating ideas through creative software. Management Science 1994, 40(11):1514-1532.
85. Majchrzak A., Cooper L.P., Neece O.E. Knowledge reuse for innovation. Management Science 2004, 50(2):174-188.
86. McCloy R.A., Campbell J.P., Cudeck R. A confirmatory test of a model of performance determinants. Journal of Applied Psychology 1994, 79(4):493-505.
87. Morrison P.D., Roberts J.H., Midgley D.F. The nature of lead users and measurement of leading edge status. Research Policy 2004, 33(2):351-362.
88. Morrison P.D., Roberts J.H., von Hippel E. Determinants of user innovation and innovation sharing in a local market. Management Science 2000, 46(12):1513-1527.
89. Novick L.R. Analogical transfer, problem similarity, and expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1988, 14(3):510-520.
90. Nunnally J.C., Bernstein I.H. Psychometric Theory 1994, McGraw-Hill, New York. 3rd edition.
91. Osterloh M., Frey B.S. Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization Science 2000, 11(5):538-550.
92. Osterloh M., Rota S. Open source software development just another case of collective invention?. Research Policy 2007, 36(2):157-171.
93. Pisano G.P., Verganti R. Which kind of collaboration is right for you?. Harvard Business Review 2008, 86(12):78-86.
94. Plucker J.A., Beghetto R.A., Dow G.T. Why isn't creativity more important to educational psychologists? Potentials, pitfalls, and future directions in creativity research. Educational psychologist 2004, 39(2):83-96.
95. Poetz, M. K. and Schreier, M. 2009. The value of crowdsourcing: Can users really compete with professionals in generating new product ideas? Proceedings of the DRUID Summer Conference 2009, Copenhagen.
96. Ridings C., Gefen D., Arinze B. Psychological Barriers: Lurker and Poster, Motivation and Behavior in Online Communities. Communications of the Association for Information Systems 2006, 18(1):329-354.
97. Ringle C.M., Wende S., Will A. SmartPLS 2.0 M3 2006.
98. Roberts J.A., Il-Horn H., Slaughter S.A. Understanding the motivations, participation, and performance of open source software developers: a longitudinal study of the apache projects. Management Science 2006, 52(7):984-999.
99. Rosenkopf L., Nerkar A. Beyond local search: boundary-spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management Journal 2001, 22(4):287-306.
100. Ryan R., Deci E. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 2000, 55(1):68-78.
101. Sauermann H., Cohen W.M. What makes them tick? Employee motives and industrial innovation. Management Science 2010, 56(12):2134-2153.
102. Sawhney M., Prandelli E., Verona G. The power of innomediation. MIT Sloan Management Review 2003, 44(2):77-82.
103. Shah J., Kruglanski A. The structure and substance of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance 2000, 105-127. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. C. Sansone, J. Harackiewicz (Eds.).
104. Shah S.K. Motivation, Governance, and the Viability of hybrid forms in open source software development. Management Science 2006, 52(7):1000-1014.
105. Stuart T.E., Podolny J.M. Local Search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 1996, 17(1):21-38.
106. Surowiecki J. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many are Smarter than the Few 2005.
107. Vallerand R., Bissonnette R. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: A prospective study. Journal of Personality 1992, 60(3):599-620.
108. Verona G., Prandelli E., Sawhney M. Innovation and virtual environments: towards virtual knowledge brokers. Organization Studies 2006, 27(6):765-788.
109. von Hippel E. The Sources of Innovation 1988, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
110. von Hippel E. Democratizing Innovation 2005, MIT Press, Cambridge.
111. von Krogh G., von Hippel E. The Promise of Research on Open Source Software. Management Science 2006, 52(7):975-983.
112. Vroom V. Work and Motivation 1964, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
113. West J., Lakhani K.R. Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry & Innovation 2008, 15(2):223-231.
114. Wilson B. Using PLS to Investigate Interaction Effects Between Higher Order Branding Constructs. Handbook of Partial Least Squares 2010, 621-651. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. V. Esposito, W.W. Chin, J. Henseler, H. Wang (Eds.).
115. Wold H. Systems under indirect observation using PLS. A Second Generation of Multi-variate Analysis 1982, 325-347. Praeger, New York. 1st ed. C. Fornell (Ed.).
116. Zeitlyn D. Gift economies in the development of open source software: anthropological reflections. Research Policy 2003, 32(7):1287-1291.