-
1
-
-
80855127695
-
-
Anon Number of students as on the first Tuesday of June 2009. University of Pretoria. Available at (Accessed October 2010).
-
Anon. (2010). Number of students as on the first Tuesday of June 2009. University of Pretoria. Available at (Accessed October 2010).
-
(2010)
-
-
-
2
-
-
64049108461
-
Jackdaws respond to human attentional states and communicative cues in different contexts
-
von Bayern, A.M.P. & Emery, N.J. (2009). Jackdaws respond to human attentional states and communicative cues in different contexts. Curr. Biol.19, 602-606.
-
(2009)
Curr. Biol.
, vol.19
, pp. 602-606
-
-
von Bayern, A.M.P.1
Emery, N.J.2
-
3
-
-
0345832350
-
Effects of investigator disturbance on hatching success and nest-site fidelity in a long-lived seabird, Leach's storm-petrel
-
Blackmer, A.L., Ackerman, J.T. & Nevitt, G.A. (2003). Effects of investigator disturbance on hatching success and nest-site fidelity in a long-lived seabird, Leach's storm-petrel. Biol. Conserv.116, 141-148.
-
(2003)
Biol. Conserv.
, vol.116
, pp. 141-148
-
-
Blackmer, A.L.1
Ackerman, J.T.2
Nevitt, G.A.3
-
4
-
-
0242275389
-
Flight-initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance
-
Blumstein, D.T. (2003). Flight-initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance. J. Wildl. Mgmt.67, 852-857.
-
(2003)
J. Wildl. Mgmt.
, vol.67
, pp. 852-857
-
-
Blumstein, D.T.1
-
6
-
-
3042844431
-
Ravens, Corvus corax, follow gaze direction of humans around obstacles
-
Bugnyar, T., Stöwe, M. & Heinrich, B. (2004). Ravens, Corvus corax, follow gaze direction of humans around obstacles. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B - Biol. Sci.271, 1331-1336.
-
(2004)
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B - Biol. Sci.
, vol.271
, pp. 1331-1336
-
-
Bugnyar, T.1
Stöwe, M.2
Heinrich, B.3
-
7
-
-
0026060272
-
Foraging behaviour and the effect of human disturbance on the piping plover (Charadrius melodus)
-
Burger, J. (1991). Foraging behaviour and the effect of human disturbance on the piping plover (Charadrius melodus). J. Coast. Res.7, 39-52.
-
(1991)
J. Coast. Res.
, vol.7
, pp. 39-52
-
-
Burger, J.1
-
8
-
-
0027707019
-
The importance of the human face in risk perception by black iguanas, Ctenosaura similis
-
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1993). The importance of the human face in risk perception by black iguanas, Ctenosaura similis. J. Herpetol.27, 426-430.
-
(1993)
J. Herpetol.
, vol.27
, pp. 426-430
-
-
Burger, J.1
Gochfeld, M.2
-
9
-
-
0001788075
-
Role of human disturbance in response behavior of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis)
-
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1999). Role of human disturbance in response behavior of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis). Bird Behav.13, 23-30.
-
(1999)
Bird Behav.
, vol.13
, pp. 23-30
-
-
Burger, J.1
Gochfeld, M.2
-
10
-
-
0002954949
-
Risk discrimination of eye contact and directness of approach in black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis)
-
Burger, J., Gochfeld, M. & Murray, B.G. (1992). Risk discrimination of eye contact and directness of approach in black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis). J. Comp. Psychol.106, 97-101.
-
(1992)
J. Comp. Psychol.
, vol.106
, pp. 97-101
-
-
Burger, J.1
Gochfeld, M.2
Murray, B.G.3
-
11
-
-
0001392054
-
Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating herring and great black-backed gulls
-
Burger, J. & Gochfield, M. (1981). Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating herring and great black-backed gulls. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.95, 676-684.
-
(1981)
J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.
, vol.95
, pp. 676-684
-
-
Burger, J.1
Gochfield, M.2
-
12
-
-
0025524920
-
Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguana (Ctenosaura similis)
-
J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.
-
Burger, J. & Gochfield, M. (1990). Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguana (Ctenosaura similis): variation as a function of human exposure. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 104, 388-394.
-
(1990)
variation as a function of human exposure
, vol.104
, pp. 388-394
-
-
Burger, J.1
Gochfield, M.2
-
13
-
-
45249113919
-
Subtle cues of predation risk
-
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B - -Biol. Sci.
-
Carter, J., Lyons, N.J., Cole, H.L. & Goldsmith, A.R. (2008). Subtle cues of predation risk: starlings respond to a predator's direction of eye-gaze. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B - -Biol. Sci. 275, 1709-1715.
-
(2008)
starlings respond to a predator's direction of eye-gaze
, vol.275
, pp. 1709-1715
-
-
Carter, J.1
Lyons, N.J.2
Cole, H.L.3
Goldsmith, A.R.4
-
14
-
-
8544264539
-
Threat factors affecting antipredatory behavior in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): repeated approach, change in predator path, and predator's field of view
-
Cooper, W.E.J. (1997). Threat factors affecting antipredatory behavior in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): repeated approach, change in predator path, and predator's field of view. Copeia1997, 613-619.
-
(1997)
Copeia
, vol.1997
, pp. 613-619
-
-
Cooper, W.E.J.1
-
15
-
-
0037353377
-
Effects of risk, cost, and their interaction on optimal escape by nonrefuging Bonaire whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus murinus
-
Cooper, W.E.J. (2003). Effects of risk, cost, and their interaction on optimal escape by nonrefuging Bonaire whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus murinus. Behav. Ecol.14, 288-293.
-
(2003)
Behav. Ecol.
, vol.14
, pp. 288-293
-
-
Cooper, W.E.J.1
-
18
-
-
33645735153
-
Breeding biology of kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) on offshore island sanctuaries 1990-2002
-
Eason, D.K., Elliott, G.P., Harper, G.A. & Moorhouse, R.J. (2006a). Breeding biology of kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) on offshore island sanctuaries 1990-2002. Notornis53, 27-36.
-
(2006)
Notornis
, vol.53
, pp. 27-36
-
-
Eason, D.K.1
Elliott, G.P.2
Harper, G.A.3
Moorhouse, R.J.4
-
19
-
-
33846798446
-
Factors affecting flight initiation distance in American robins
-
Eason, P.K., Sherman, P.T., Rankin, O. & Coleman, B. (2006b). Factors affecting flight initiation distance in American robins. J. Wildl. Mgmt.70, 1796-1800.
-
(2006)
J. Wildl. Mgmt.
, vol.70
, pp. 1796-1800
-
-
Eason, P.K.1
Sherman, P.T.2
Rankin, O.3
Coleman, B.4
-
21
-
-
0035179493
-
Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance
-
Environ. Conserv.
-
Fernández-Juricic, E., Jimenez, M.D. & Lucas, E. (2001). Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: implications for park design. Environ. Conserv. 28, 263-269.
-
(2001)
implications for park design
, vol.28
, pp. 263-269
-
-
Fernández-Juricic, E.1
Jimenez, M.D.2
Lucas, E.3
-
22
-
-
0015295872
-
The experimenter as an independent variable in studies of animal hypnosis in chickens (Gallus gallus)
-
Gallup, G.G., Cummings, W.H. & Nash, R.F. (1972). The experimenter as an independent variable in studies of animal hypnosis in chickens (Gallus gallus). Anim. Behav.20, 166-169.
-
(1972)
Anim. Behav.
, vol.20
, pp. 166-169
-
-
Gallup, G.G.1
Cummings, W.H.2
Nash, R.F.3
-
23
-
-
0002011580
-
Tonic immobility as a reaction to predation
-
Psychon. Sci.
-
Gallup, G.G., Nash, R.F. & Ellison, A.L. (1971). Tonic immobility as a reaction to predation: artificial eyes as a fear stimulus for chickens. Psychon. Sci. 23, 79-80.
-
(1971)
artificial eyes as a fear stimulus for chickens
, vol.23
, pp. 79-80
-
-
Gallup, G.G.1
Nash, R.F.2
Ellison, A.L.3
-
24
-
-
24944571686
-
Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?
-
Geist, C., Liao, J., Libby, S. & Blumstein, D.T. (2005). Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?Anim. Biol. Conserv.28, 69-73.
-
(2005)
Anim. Biol. Conserv.
, vol.28
, pp. 69-73
-
-
Geist, C.1
Liao, J.2
Libby, S.3
Blumstein, D.T.4
-
25
-
-
21844522638
-
Sensitivity to information specifying the line of gaze of humans in sparrows (Passer domesticus)
-
Hampton, R.R. (1994). Sensitivity to information specifying the line of gaze of humans in sparrows (Passer domesticus). Behaviour130, 41-51.
-
(1994)
Behaviour
, vol.130
, pp. 41-51
-
-
Hampton, R.R.1
-
26
-
-
67949109733
-
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) hatchlings track the direction of human gaze
-
Jaime, M., Lopez, J.P. & Lickliter, R. (2009). Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) hatchlings track the direction of human gaze. Anim. Cogn.12, 559-565.
-
(2009)
Anim. Cogn.
, vol.12
, pp. 559-565
-
-
Jaime, M.1
Lopez, J.P.2
Lickliter, R.3
-
27
-
-
0010542891
-
Reactions of male domestic chicks to two-dimensional eye-like shapes
-
Jones, R.B. (1980). Reactions of male domestic chicks to two-dimensional eye-like shapes. Anim. Behav.28, 212-218.
-
(1980)
Anim. Behav.
, vol.28
, pp. 212-218
-
-
Jones, R.B.1
-
28
-
-
0033962747
-
Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention
-
Langton, S.R.H., Watt, R.J. & Bruce, V. (2000). Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention. Trends Cogn. Sci.4, 50.
-
(2000)
Trends Cogn. Sci.
, vol.4
, pp. 50
-
-
Langton, S.R.H.1
Watt, R.J.2
Bruce, V.3
-
29
-
-
0025252617
-
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation
-
Can. J. Zool.
-
Lima, S.L. & Dill, L.M. (1989). Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68, 619-640.
-
(1989)
a review and prospectus
, vol.68
, pp. 619-640
-
-
Lima, S.L.1
Dill, L.M.2
-
30
-
-
77449142232
-
Northern bald ibises follow others' gaze into distant space but not behind barriers
-
Loretto, M.C., Schloegl, C. & Bugnyar, T. (2010). Northern bald ibises follow others' gaze into distant space but not behind barriers. Biol. Lett.6, 14-17.
-
(2010)
Biol. Lett.
, vol.6
, pp. 14-17
-
-
Loretto, M.C.1
Schloegl, C.2
Bugnyar, T.3
-
31
-
-
0005588144
-
Range expansion of the Hadeda Ibis Bostrychia hagedash in Southern Africa
-
Macdonald, I.A.W., Richardson, D.M. & Powrie, F.J. (1986). Range expansion of the Hadeda Ibis Bostrychia hagedash in Southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Zool.21, 338-342.
-
(1986)
S. Afr. J. Zool.
, vol.21
, pp. 338-342
-
-
Macdonald, I.A.W.1
Richardson, D.M.2
Powrie, F.J.3
-
32
-
-
0030239088
-
Effect of avian-human joint attention on allospecific vocal learning by grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)
-
Pepperberg, I.M. & McLaughlin, M.A. (1996). Effect of avian-human joint attention on allospecific vocal learning by grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). J. Comp. Psychol.110, 286.
-
(1996)
J. Comp. Psychol.
, vol.110
, pp. 286
-
-
Pepperberg, I.M.1
McLaughlin, M.A.2
-
33
-
-
58149301478
-
The impact of human disturbance on birds
-
A selective review. Lunney, D., Munn, A. & Meikle, W. (Eds.). Mosman: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales.
-
Price, M. (2008). The impact of human disturbance on birds: a selective review. In Too close for comfort: contentious issues in human-wildlife encounters: 163-196. Lunney, D., Munn, A. & Meikle, W. (Eds.). Mosman: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales.
-
(2008)
Too close for comfort: contentious issues in human-wildlife encounters
, pp. 163-196
-
-
Price, M.1
-
35
-
-
33846007291
-
Chicks discriminate gaze with their right hemisphere
-
Rosa Salva, O., Regolin, L. & Vallortigara, G. (2007). Chicks discriminate gaze with their right hemisphere. Brain Behav. Res.177, 15-21.
-
(2007)
Brain Behav. Res.
, vol.177
, pp. 15-21
-
-
Rosa Salva, O.1
Regolin, L.2
Vallortigara, G.3
-
36
-
-
0017262457
-
The response to eye-like shapes by birds II. The importance of staring, pairedness and shape
-
Scaife, M. (1976). The response to eye-like shapes by birds II. The importance of staring, pairedness and shape. Anim. Behav.24, 200-206.
-
(1976)
Anim. Behav.
, vol.24
, pp. 200-206
-
-
Scaife, M.1
-
37
-
-
35148859658
-
Gaze following in common ravens, Corvus corax
-
Anim. Behav.
-
Schloegl, C., Kotrschal, K. & Bugnyar, T. (2007). Gaze following in common ravens, Corvus corax: ontogeny and habituation. Anim. Behav. 74, 769-778.
-
(2007)
ontogeny and habituation
, vol.74
, pp. 769-778
-
-
Schloegl, C.1
Kotrschal, K.2
Bugnyar, T.3
-
38
-
-
40949150804
-
Do common ravens (Corvus corax) rely on human or conspecific gaze cues to detect hidden food?
-
Schloegl, C., Kotrschal, K. & Bugnyar, T. (2008). Do common ravens (Corvus corax) rely on human or conspecific gaze cues to detect hidden food?Anim. Cogn.11, 231.
-
(2008)
Anim. Cogn.
, vol.11
, pp. 231
-
-
Schloegl, C.1
Kotrschal, K.2
Bugnyar, T.3
-
39
-
-
51249101915
-
Ungulate flight responses to human disturbance
-
Biol. Conserv.
-
Stankowich, T. (2008). Ungulate flight responses to human disturbance: a review and meta-analysis. Biol. Conserv. 141, 2159-2173.
-
(2008)
a review and meta-analysis
, vol.141
, pp. 2159-2173
-
-
Stankowich, T.1
-
41
-
-
32144450237
-
Effects of predator behavior and proximity on risk assessment by Columbian black-tailed deer
-
Stankowich, T. & Coss, R.G. (2006). Effects of predator behavior and proximity on risk assessment by Columbian black-tailed deer. Behav. Ecol.17, 246-254.
-
(2006)
Behav. Ecol.
, vol.17
, pp. 246-254
-
-
Stankowich, T.1
Coss, R.G.2
-
42
-
-
0023693382
-
Open-field behavior of young chicks (Gallus gallus)
-
Anim. Learn. Behav.
-
Vallortigara, G. & Zanforlin, M. (1988). Open-field behavior of young chicks (Gallus gallus): antipredatory responses, social reinstatement motivation, and gender effects. Anim. Learn. Behav. 16, 359-362.
-
(1988)
antipredatory responses, social reinstatement motivation, and gender effects
, vol.16
, pp. 359-362
-
-
Vallortigara, G.1
Zanforlin, M.2
-
43
-
-
0036885771
-
Bee-eaters (Merops orientalis) respond to what a predator can see
-
Watve, M., Thakar, J., Kale, A., Puntambekar, S., Shaikh, I., Vaze, K., Jog, M. & Paranjape, S. (2002). Bee-eaters (Merops orientalis) respond to what a predator can see. Anim. Cogn.5, 253-259.
-
(2002)
Anim. Cogn.
, vol.5
, pp. 253-259
-
-
Watve, M.1
Thakar, J.2
Kale, A.3
Puntambekar, S.4
Shaikh, I.5
Vaze, K.6
Jog, M.7
Paranjape, S.8
-
44
-
-
77956778315
-
The economics of fleeing from predators
-
Ydenberg, R.C. & Dill, L.M. (1986). The economics of fleeing from predators. Adv. Study Behav.16, 229-249.
-
(1986)
Adv. Study Behav.
, vol.16
, pp. 229-249
-
-
Ydenberg, R.C.1
Dill, L.M.2
|