Effects of risk, cost, and their interaction on optimal escape by nonrefuging Bonaire whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus murinus

Behavioral Ecology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 288-293

  Cooper Jr , William E ^a   Pérez Mellado, Valentín ^b   Baird, Teresa ^c   Baird, Troy A ^d   Caldwell, Janalee P ^e   Vitt, Laurie J ^e  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY FORT WAYNE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA   (Spain)

^c Oklahoma City County Health Department   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antipredatory behavior; Behavior; Escape theory; Refuge; Squamata

Indexed keywords

ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; LIZARD; PREDATION RISK; REFUGE;

AMPHIBIA; CNEMIDOPHORUS MURINUS; MACRURONUS NOVAEZELANDIAE; REPTILIA; SQUAMATA;

EID: 0037353377     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/14.2.288     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bonenfant M, Kramer DL, 1996. The influence of distance to burrow on flight initiation distance in the woodchuck, Marmota monax. Behav Ecol 7:299-303.
2. Bulova SJ, 1994. Ecological correlates of population and individual variation in antipredator behavior of two species of desert lizards. Copeia 1994:980-992.
3. Burger J, Gochfeld M, 1981. Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating herring and great black-backed gulls. J Comp Physiol Psychol 95:676-684.
4. Burger J, Gochfeld M, 1990. Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguana (Ctenosaura similis): variation as a function of human exposure. J Comp Psychol 104:388-394.
5. Cooper WE Jr, 1997a. Escape by a refuging prey: the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). Can J Zool 75:943-947.
6. Cooper WE Jr, 1997b. Factors affecting risk and cost of escape by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): predator speed, directness of approach, and female presence. Herpetologica 53:464-474.
7. Cooper WE Jr, 1997c. Threat factors affecting antipredatory behavior in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): repeated approach, change in predator path, and predator's field of view. Copeia 1997:613-619.
8. Cooper WE Jr, 1998a. Direction of predator turning, a neglected cue to predation risk. Behaviour 135:55-64.
9. Cooper WE Jr, 1998b. Risk factors and emergence from refuge in the lizard Eumeces laticeps. Behaviour 135:1065-1076.
10. Cooper WE Jr, 1999. Tradeoffs between courtship, fighting, and antipredatory behavior by a lizard, Eumeces laticeps. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 47:54-59.
11. Cooper WE Jr, 2000. Tradeoffs between predation risk and feeding in a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). Behaviour 137:1175-1189.
12. Dearing MD, Schall JJ, 1992. Testing models of optimal diet assembly by the generalist herbivorous lizard Cnemidophorus murinus. Ecology 73:845-858.
13. Dial BE, 1986. Tail display in two species of iguanid lizards: a test of the "predator signal" hypothesis. Am Nat 127:103-111.
14. Dill LM, 1990. Distance-to-cover and the escape decisions of an African cichlid fish, Melanochromis chipokae. Envl Biol Fish 27:147-152.
15. Dill LM, Fraser AHG, 1997. The worm re-turns: hiding behavior of a tube-dwelling marine polychaete, Serpula vermicularis. Behav Ecol 8:186-193.
16. Eifler D, 2001. Egernia cunninghami (Cunningham's skink) escape behavior. Herp Rev 32:40.
17. Grant JW, Noakes DLG, 1987. Escape behaviour and use of cover by young-of-the-year brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44:1390-1396.
18. Heatwole H, 1968. Relationship of escape behavior and camouflage in anoline lizards. Copeia 1968:109-113.
19. Helfman GS, 1989. Threat-sensitive predator avoidance in damselfish-trumpetfish interactions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 24:47-58.
20. Kramer DL, Bonenfant M, 1997. Direction of predator approach and the decision to flee to a refuge. Anim Behav 54:289-295.
21. Labra A, Leonard R, 1999. Intraspecific variation in antipredator response of three species of lizards (Liolaemus): possible effects of human presence. J Herpetol 33:441-448.
22. LaGory KE, 1987. The influence of habitat and group characteristics in the alarm and flight response of white-tailed deer. Anim Behav 35:20-25.
23. Martín J, Lopéz P, 1995. Influence of habitat structure on the escape tactics of the lizard Psammodromus algirus. Can J Zool 73:129-132.
24. Martín J, Lopéz P, 1999a. An experimental test of the costs of antipredatory refuge use in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis. Oikos 84:499-505.
25. Martín J, Lopéz P, 1999b. When to come out from a refuge: risk-sensitive and state-dependent decisions in an alpine lizard. Behav Ecol 10:487-492.
26. McLean EB, Godin J-GJ, 1989. Distance to cover and fleeing from predators in fish with different amounts of defensive armour. Oikos 55:281-290.
27. Rand AS, 1964. Inverse relationship between temperature and shyness in the lizard Anolis lineatopus. Ecology 45:863-864.
28. Sih A, 1992. Prey uncertainty and the balancing of antipredator and foraging needs. Am Nat 139:1052-1069.
29. Smith DG, 1997. Ecological factors influencing the antipredator behaviors of the ground skink, Scincella lateralis. Behav Ecol 8:622-629.
30. Smith ME, Belk MC, 2001. Risk assessment in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): do multiple cues have additive effects? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 51:101-107.
31. Statistica, 1999. User guide, version 5.5. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Statsoft.
32. Walther FR, 1969. Flight behaviour and avoidance of predators in Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni Guenther 1884). Behaviour 34:184-221.
33. Ydenberg RC, Dill LM, 1986. The economics of fleeing from predators. Adv Stud Behav 16:229-249.
34. Zar JH, 1996. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.