Modeling of reflectometric and ellipsometric spectra from the skin in the terahertz and submillimeter waves region

Journal of Biomedical Optics

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2011, Pages

  Ney, Michael ^a   Abdulhalim, Ibrahim ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Biomedical optics; Electromagnetic waves; Skin cancer; Terahertz

Indexed keywords

BIOMEDICAL OPTICS; DIELECTRIC MODELS; EFFECTIVE CONDUCTIVITY; ELLIPSOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ELLIPSOMETRIC SPECTRA; FREQUENCY RANGES; HIGH SENSITIVITY; HOMOGENEOUS LAYERS; HUMAN SKIN; INCIDENCE ANGLES; MULTIPLE INTERFERENCES; REFLECTION MATRIX; REFLECTOMETRY; SKIN CANCER; SKIN CANCERS; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; TERA HERTZ; TERAHERTZ REGION;

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DERMATOLOGY; DISEASES; DISPERSION (WAVES); ELLIPSOMETRY; REFLECTION; SUBMILLIMETER WAVES; WATER ABSORPTION; WATER CONTENT;

TERAHERTZ WAVES;

WATER;

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN AND ITS APPENDAGES; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN; SKIN TUMOR; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SWEAT GLAND; TERAHERTZ IMAGING; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY;

ABSORPTION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SKIN PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SWEAT GLANDS; TERAHERTZ IMAGING; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; WATER;

EID: 80455176507     PISSN: 10833668     EISSN: 15602281     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1117/1.3592779     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. A. Jemal, R. Siege, E.Ward, T.Murray, J. Xu, and M. J. Thun, "Cancer statistics 2007," Ca-Cancer J. Clin 57, 43-66 (2007).
2. S. W. Menzies, L. Bischof, H. Talbot et al., "The performance of solarscan:an automated dermoscopy image analysis instrument for the diagnosis of primarymelanoma," Arch Dermatol. 141, 1388-1396 (2005). (Pubitemid 41668692)
3. A. Bono, C. Bartoli, M. Baldi, S. Tomatis, C. Bifulco, and M. Santinami,"Clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis of small pigmented skin lesions,"Eur. J. Dermatol. 12, 573-576 (2002). (Pubitemid 35440798)
4. B. Rosado, S. Menzies, A. Harbauer, H. Pehamberger, K. Wolff, M.Binder, and H. Kittler, "Accuracy of computer diagnosis of melanoma.A quantitative meta-analysis," Arch. Dermatol. 139, 361-367 (2003). (Pubitemid 36330585)
5. M. Elbaum, A. W. Kopf, H. S. Rabinovitz et al., "Automatic differentiation of melanoma from melanocytic nevi with multispectral digital dermoscopy: a feasibility study," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 44, 207-218(2001). (Pubitemid 32172181)
6. J. C. Ramella-Roman, K. Lee, S. A. Prahl, and S. L. Jacques, "Design,testing, and clinical studies of a handheld polarized light camera,"J. Biomed. Opt 9, 1305-1310 (2004). (Pubitemid 40168147)
7. T. Binzoni, A. Vogel, A. H. Gandjbakhche, and R. Marchesini, "Detectionlimits of multi-spectral optical imaging under the skin surface,"Phys. Med. Biol. 53, 617-636 (2008). (Pubitemid 351496209)
8. A. N. Yaroslavsky, V. Neel, and R. Anderson, "Demarcation of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Margins in Thick, Excisions Using Multispectral Polarized Light Imaging," J. Invest. Dermatol. 121, 259-266(2003). (Pubitemid 36969898)
9. A. Safrani, O. Aharon, S. Mor, O. Arnon, L. Rosenberg, and I. Abdulhalim,"Skin biomedical optical imaging system using dual wavelengthpolarimetric control with liquid crystals," J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 026024(2010).
10. R. M. Woodward, B. E. Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone,E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, "Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue," Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3853-3863 (2002). (Pubitemid 35363536)
11. W. L. Chan, J. Deibel, and D. M. Mittleman, "Imaging with terahrtzradiation," Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1325-1379 (2007).
12. G. C. Walker, E. Berry, S. W. Smye, N. N. Zinovev, A.J. Fitzgerald, R. E. Miles, J. M. Chamberlain, and M. A.Smith, "Two methods for modeling the propagation of terahertzradiation in a layered structure," Proc. SPIE 5030, 647-655(2003).
13. M. Ney and I. Abdulhalim, "Does Human Skin Truly Behave as an Array of Helical Antennae in the Millimeter and Terahertz Wave Ranges?,"Opt. Lett. 35, 3180-3182 (2010).
14. Y. Feldman, A. Puzenko, P. Ben Ishai, A. Caduff, I. Davidovich,F.Sakran, and Aharon J. Agranat, "The electromagnetic response of human skin in the millimetre and submillimetre wave range," Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 3341-3363 (2009).
15. Y. Feldman, A. Puzenko, P.Ben Ishai, A. Caduff, andAharon J.Agranat,"Human skin as arrays of helical antennas in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 128102 (2008).
16. T. Hofmann, C. M. Herzinger, A. Boosalis,, T. E. Tiwald, J.A.Woollam,andM. Schubert, "Variable-wavelength frequency-domain terahertz ellipsometry,"Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023101 (2010).
17. T. Hofmann, C. M. Herzinger, T. E. Tiwald, J. A. Woollam, and M.Schubert, "Hole diffusion profile in a p-p +silicon homojunction determined by terahertz and midinfrared spectroscopic ellipsometry," Appl.Phys. Lett. 95, 032102 (2009).
18. T. Hofmann, C. M. Herzinger, J. L. Tedesco, D. K. Gaskill, J. A.Woollam,and M. Schubert, "Terahertz ellipsometry and terahertz opticalHall-effect," Thin Solid Films 519, 2593-2600 (2011).
19. Y. Ino, R. Shimano, Y. Svirko, and M. Kuwata-Gonokami, "Terahertz time-domain magneto-optical ellipsometry in reflection geometry,"Phys. Rev. B 70, 155101 (2004).
20. F. S. Barnes and B. Greenbaum, Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, CRC Press (2007).
21. P. S Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, "The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues," Phys. Med. Biol. 41, 2271-2293 (1996). (Pubitemid 26376903)
22. W. J. Ellison, K. Lamkaouchi, and J. M. Moreau, "Water: a dielectric reference," J. Mol. Liq. 68, 171-279 (1996). (Pubitemid 126351082)
23. R. Pethig, "Dielectric properties of body tissues," Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. 8, 5-12 (1987).
24. S. R. Smith andK.R. Foster, "Dielectric properties of low-water-content tissues," Phys. Med. Biol. 30, 965-973 (1985). (Pubitemid 15232104)
25. H. J. Liebe, G. A. Hufford, and T. Manabe, "A model for the complex permittivity of water at frequencies below 1 THz," Intern. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 12, 659-675 (1991). (Pubitemid 21680874)
26. L. C. Junqueira and J. Carneiro, Basic Histology, McGraw-Hill, New York (2005).
27. T. R.Wells and B. H. Landing, "The helical course of the human eccrine sweat duct,"J. Invest. Dermatol. 51, 177-185 (1968).
28. A. Knuttel andM. Boehlau-Godau, "Spatially confined and temporally resolved refractive index and scattering evaluation in human skin performed with optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 5, 83-92(2000). (Pubitemid 30556704)
29. P. Cimalla, J. Walther, M. Mehner, M. Cuevas, and E. Koch, "Simultaneous dual-band optical coherence tomography in the spectral domain for high resolution in vivo imaging," Opt. Express 17, 19486-19500 (2009).
30. http://www.zunis.org/Sweat-perspiration-and-glow.htm.
31. T. G. Mackay and A. Lakhtakia, "On the application of homogenization formalisms to active dielectric composite materials," Opt. Commun. 282, 2470-2475 (2009).
32. A. Lakhtakia, B. Michel, andW. S.Weiglhofer, "The role of anisotropy in the Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman formalisms for uniaxial particulate composite media," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30, 230-240 (1997) (Pubitemid 127607163)
33. I. Abdulhalim, "Analytic formulae for the refractive indices andthe propagation angles in biaxial and gyrotropic media," Opt. Commun.157, 265-272 (1998). (Pubitemid 128409201)
34. I. Abdulhalim, "Analytic propagationmatrix method for linear optics of arbitrary biaxial layered media," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 1,646-653(1999). (Pubitemid 30559275)
35. M. Schubert, "Polarization-dependent optical parameters of arbitrarily anisotropic homogeneous layered systems,"Phys. Rev. B 53, 4265-4274 (1996).
36. I. Abdulhalim, L. Benguigui, and R. Weil, "Selective reflection by helicoidal liquid crystals: results of an exact calculations using the 4 × 4 characteristic matrix method," J. Phys. France 46, 815-825 (1985). (Pubitemid 15567167)
37. P. D. Sunal, A. Lakhtakia, and R.Messier, "Simple model for dielectric thin-film helicoidal bianisotropic media," Opt. Commun. 158, 119-126(1998) . (Pubitemid 128423003)
38. J. H. Sherwin, A. Lakhtakia, and I. Hodgkinson, "On calibration of nominal structure-property relationship model for chiral sculptured thinfilms by axial transmittance measurements," Opt. Commun. 209, 369-375 (2002). (Pubitemid 34862328)
39. D.W. Berreman "Optics in stratified and anisotropicmedia: 4×4matrix formulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 502-510 (1972).
40. M. Schubert, "Generalized ellipsometry and complex optical systems,"Thin Solid Films 313-314, 323-332 (1998). (Pubitemid 128418736)
41. M. Schubert, Bernd Rheinlander, Christiane Cramer, Herbert Schmiedel, John A. Woollam, Craig M. Herzinger, and Blaine Johs,"Generalized transmission ellipsometry for twisted biaxial dielectric media: application to chiral liquid crystals," J. Opt. Soc. A 13(9), 1930-1940 (1996). (Pubitemid 126548551)
42. P. Boher, J. P. Piel, and B. Sacepe, "Generalized ellipsometry for the characterization of anisotropic materials: influence of the sample adjustment on the extracted optical indices," Thin Solid Films 455-456,581-585 (2004).
43. S. Takashima, Electrical Properties of Biopolymers and Membranes,Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol (1989).
44. R. M. Woodward, B. E Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone,E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, "Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue," Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3853-3863 (2002). (Pubitemid 35363536)
45. R. M.Woodward, V. P.Wallace, R. J. Pye, B. E. Cole, D. D. Arnone, E.H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, "Terahertz pulse imaging of ex vivo basal cell carcinoma," J. Invest. Dermatol. 120, 72-78 (2003). (Pubitemid 36120973)
46. E. Pickwell, A. I. Fitzgerald, B. E. Cole, M. Pepper and V. P. Wallace,"In vivo study of human skin using pulsed terahertz radiation," Phys.Med. Biol. 49, 1595-1607 (2004). (Pubitemid 38678703)
47. T. L. Jacobsen, R. H. U. Jepsen, and S. R. Keiding, "Terahertz reflection spectroscopy of liquid water," Chem. Phys. Lett. 240, 330-333(1995).
48. V. P.Wallace, P. F. Taday, A. J. Fitzgerald, R.M.Woodward, J. Cluff, R.J. Pye, and D. D. Arnone "Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopyfor biomedical and pharmaceutical applications," Faraday Discuss.126,255- 263(2004). (Pubitemid 38365598)
49. R. M. Woodward, V. P. Wallace, B. E. Cole, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone,E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, "Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of skin tissue using time domain analysis techniques," Proc.SPIE 4625, 160-169 (2002). (Pubitemid 35220557)
50. http://www.jawoollam.com/.
51. http://www.sopra-sa.com/5-spectroscopic-ellipsometer-se-.php.
52. K. F. Ross and R. E. Gordon, "Water in malignant tissue, measured by cell refractometry and nuclear magnetic resonance," J. Microsc. 128,7-21 (1981).
53. L. M. McIntosh, R. Summers, M. Jackson, H. M. Mantsh, J. R., Mansfield,M. Howlett, A. N. Crowson, and W. P. Toole, "Towards noninvasive screening of skin lesions by near-infrared spectroscopy," J.Invest. Dermatol. 116, 175-181 (2001). (Pubitemid 32108769)
54. M.W. Ruth, P.W. Vincent, J. P. Richard, E. C. Bryan, D. A. Donald, H.L. Edmund, and P. Michael, "Terahertz pulse imaging of ex vivo basal cell carcinoma," J. Invest. Dermatol. 120, 72-78 (2003).
55. M. Gniadecka, O. F. Nielsen, and H. C. Wulf, "Water content and structure in malignant and benign tumors," J. Mol. Struct. 661-662,405-410 (2003). (Pubitemid 38169075)
56. W. S. Weiglhofer, "Dyadic Green's functions for general uniaxialmedia,"IEE Proc. H Microw. Antennas Propag. 137, 5-10 (1990).
57. A. Lakhtakia, B. Michel, andW. S.Weiglhofer, "Bruggeman formalisms for two models of uniaxial composite media: dielectric properties,"Compos. Sci. Technol. 57, 185-196 (1997). (Pubitemid 127411284)
58. A. Lakhtakia ed., Selected Papers on Linear Optical Composite Materials, SPIE Opt. Eng. Bellingham, WA (1996).