The addiction potential of hyperpalatable foods

Current Drug Abuse Reviews

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 140-145

  Gearhardt, Ashley N ^a   Davis, Caroline ^b   Kuschner, Rachel ^a   Brownell, Kelly D ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Food addiction; Food environment; High fructose corn syrup; Obesity; Substance dependence; Withdrawal

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; COCAINE; FRUCTOSE;

ADDICTION; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BINGE EATING DISORDER; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FOOD ADDICTION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PROCESSING; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERPALATABLE FOOD; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTOXICATION; MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; NEUROBIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PALATABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEREOTYPY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 80055103066     PISSN: 18744737     EISSN: 18744745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1874473711104030140     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Blumenthal DM, Gold MS. Neurobiology of food addiction. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13: 359-365.
2. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, et al. Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363: 3191-3200.
3. Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG. Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32: 20-39.
4. Corwin RL, Grigson PS. Food addiction: fact or fiction? J Nutr 2009; 139: 617-619.
5. Orford, J. Addiction as excessive appetite. Addiction 2001; 96: 15-31.
6. Frascella J, Potenza MN, Brown LL, et al. Shared brain vulnerabilities open the way to nonsubstance addiction: carving addiction at a new joint? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187: 294-315.
7. Ifland JR, Preuss HG, Marcus MT, et al. Refined food addiction: a classic substance use disorder. Med Hypotheses 2009; 72: 518-526.
8. Spring B, Schneider K, Smith M, et al. Abuse potential of carbohydrates for overweight carbohydrate cravers. Psychopharmacology 2008; 197: 637-647.
9. Cocores JA, Gold MS. The salted food addiction hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73: 892-899.
10. Johnson PM, Kenny PJ. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13: 635-641.
11. Thibault L, Woods SC, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The utility of animal models of human energy homeostasis. Brit J Nutr 2004; 92: S41-S45.
12. Volkow ND, O'Brien CP. Issues for DSM-V: Should obesity be included as a brain disorder? Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164: 708-710.
13. Berridge KC, Ho C-Y, Richard JM, et al. The tempted brain eats: pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders. Brain Res 2010; 1350: 43-64.
14. Pelchat ML, Johnson A, Chan R, et al. Images of desire: foodcraving activation during fMRI. Neuroimage 2004; 23: 1486-1493.
15. Davis C, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, et al. Reward sensitivity and D2 dopamine receptor gene: A case-control study of binge eating disorder. Prog Neuro-Psychoph 2008; 32: 620-628.
16. Gearhardt AN, Yokum S, Orr PT, et al. Neural correlates of food addiction. Arch Gen Psychiatr in press.
17. DeFoliart GR. Insects as human food: Gene DeFoliart discusses some nutritional and economic aspects. Crop Prot 1992; 11: 395-399.
18. Pollan M. In defense of food: an eater's manifesto. New York: Penguin Press 2008.
19. Dudley R. Fermenting fruit and the historical ecology of ethanol ingestion: is alcoholism in modern humans an evolutionary hangover? Addiction 2001; 97: 381-388.
20. Eaton BS. The ancestral diet: what was it and should it be a paradigm for contemporary nutrition? Proc Nutr Soc 2006; 65: 1-6.
21. Gearhardt AN, Grilo CM, DiLeone RJ, et al. Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implication. Addiction 2011; 106(7): 1208-1212.
22. Henningfield JE, Keenan RM. Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. J Consult Clin Psych 1993; 61: 743-750.
23. Hanna JM, Hornick CA. Use of coca leaf in southern Peru: adaptation or addiction. Bull Narc 1977; 29: 63-74.
24. Verebey K, Gold MS. From coca leaves to crack: the effects of dose and routes of administration in abuse liability. Psychiatr Ann 1988; 18: 513-520.
25. Bray GA. Fructose: should we worry? Int J Obes 2008; 32: S127-S131.
26. Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, et al. Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medscape J Med 2008; 10: 160.
27. Lustig RH. Fructose: metabolic, hedonic, and societal parallels with ethanol. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110: 1307-1321.
28. Melis M, Pillolla G, Perra S, et al. Electrophysiological properties of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area of Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Psychopharmacology 2009; 201: 471-481
29. Huang J, Borensztajn J, Reddy JK. Hepatic lipid metabolism. Mol Pathol Liver Dis 2011; 5:133-146.
30. Welsh JA, Sharma A, Cunningham SA, et al. Consumption of added sugars and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk among US adolescents. Circulation 2011; 123: 249-257.
31. Bocarsly ME, Powell ES, Avena NM, et al. High fructose corn syrup causes characteristics of obesity in rats: increased body weight, body fat and triglyceride levels. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97: 101-106.
32. Rabinoff M, Caskey N, Rissling A, et al. Pharmacological and chemical effects of cigarette additives. Am J Public Health 2007; 97: 1-11.
33. Nielson SJ, Popkin BM. Patterns and trends in food portion sizes, 1977-1998. JAMA 2003; 289: 450-453.
34. Woods SC. The house economist and the eating paradox. Appetite 2002; 38: 161-5.
35. Stewart J, Badiani A. Tolerance and sensitization to the behavioral effects of drugs. Behav Pharmacol 1993; 4: 289-312.
36. Robinson TE, Berridge KC. Incentive-sensitization and addiction. Addiction 2001; 96: 103-14.
37. Berridge KC, Robinson TE, Aldridge JW. Dissecting components of reward: 'liking', 'wanting', and learning. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 9: 65-73.
38. Vallee BL. Alcohol in the Western World. Sci Am 1998; 278: 80-85.
39. Jaffe JH. Footnotes in the evolution of the American national response: some little known aspects of the first American strategy for drug abuse and drug traffic prevention. Brit J Addict 1987; 82: 587-600.
40. Cottler LB, Shillington AM, Compton WM, et al. Subjective reports of withdrawal among cocaine users: recommendations for DSM-IV. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993; 33: 97-104.
41. Robinson JH, Pritchard WS. The role of nicotine in tobacco use. Psychopharmacology 1992; 108: 397-407.
42. Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Food addiction: an examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence. J Addict Med 2009; 3: 1-7.
43. Drewnowski A, Bellisle F. Is sweetness addictive? Nutr Bull 2007; 32: 52-60.
44. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup MF, et al. Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA 2004; 291: 1238-1245.
45. Lenoir M, Serre F, Cantin L, et al. Intense sweetness surpasses cocaine reward. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: 698-708.
46. White MA, Whisehunt BL, Williamson DA, et al. Development and validation of the food-craving inventory. Obes Res 2002; 10: 107-114.
47. Leshner AI. Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science 1997; 278: 45-47.
48. Vagins DJ, McCurdy J. Cracks in the system: Twenty years of the unjust federal crack cocaine law. American Civil Liberties Union 2006; 1-11.
49. Moore DJ, Williams JD, Qualls WJ. Target marketing of tobacco and alcohol-related products to ethnic minority groups in the United States. Ethn Dis 1996; 6: 83-98.
50. The obesity epidemic in the United States - Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic and geographic characteristics: A system review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev 2007; 29: 6-28.
51. Grier SA, Kumanyika SK. The context for choice: Health implications of targeted food and beverage marketing to African Americans. Am J Public Health 2008; 98: 1616-1629.
52. Powell LM, Chaloupka FJ, Bao Y. The availability of fast-food and full-service restaurants in the United States: Associations with neighborhood characteristics. Am J Prev Med 2007; 33: S240-S245.
53. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. text revision. Washington, DC: 2000.
54. Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, et al. Hypothesis: fructoseinduced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2005; 1: 80-86.
55. Fábregeas JM, González D, Fondevila S, et al. Assessment of addiction severity among ritual users of ayahuasca. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 111: 257-261.
56. Rennie KL, Johnson J, Jebb SA. Behavioural determinants of obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 19: 343-358.
57. Dewit DJ, Adlaf EM, Offord DR, et al. Age at first alcohol use: a risk factor for the development of alcohol disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 745-750.
58. Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Brown RA. Level of current and past adolescent cigarette smoking as predictors of future substance use disorders in young adulthood. Addiction 1999; 94: 913-921.
59. Heerwagen MJR, Miller MR, Barbour LA, et al. Maternal obesity and fetal metabolic programming: a fertile epigenetic soil. Am J Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299: R711-R22.
60. Vucetic Z, Kimmel J, Totoki K, et al. Maternal high-fat diet alters methylation and gene expression of dopamine and opioid-related genes. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 4756-4764.
61. Catalano PM. Obesity, insulin resistance, and pregnancy outcome. Reproduction 2010; 140: 365-371.
62. Brownell KD, Frieden TR. Ounces of prevention - the public policy case for taxes on sugared beverages. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1805-1808.
63. Brownell KD, Farley T, Willett WC, et al. The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1599-1605.