Means, motive, and opportunity in becoming informed about politics: A deliberative field experiment with members of congress and their constituents

Public Opinion Quarterly

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 483-503

  Esterling, Kevin M ^a   Neblo, Michael A ^b   Lazer, David M J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053494949     PISSN: 0033362X     EISSN: 15375331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/poq/nfr001     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2. Arnold, R. Douglas. 1990. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
3. Bächtiger, André, Simon Niemeyer, Michael Neblo, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Jürg Steiner. 2010. "Disentangling Diversity in Deliberative Democracy: Competing Theories, Their Blind Spots, and Complementarities." Journal of Political Philosophy 18(1):32-63.
4. Barabas, Jason. 2004. "How Deliberation Affects Public Opinion. "American Political Science Review 98(November):687-701. (Pubitemid 40046046)
5. Barnard, John, Constantine E. Frangakis, Jennifer L. Hill, and Donald B. Rubin. 2003. "Principal Stratification Approach to Broken Randomized Experiments: A Case Study of School Choice Vouchers in New York City." Journal of the American Statistical Association 98(462):299-323.
6. Bollen, Kenneth A. 1989. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
7. Callegaro, Mario, and Charles Disogra. 2008. "Computing Response Metrics for Online Panels." Public Opinion Quarterly 72(5):1008-1032.
8. Converse, Philip E. 1964. "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics." In: Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter, London: Free Press of Glencoe.
9. de Dreu, Carsten K. W., Sander L. Koole, and Wolfgang Steinel. 2000. "Unfixing the Fixed Pie: A Motivated Information Processing Approach to Integrative Complexity." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79(6):975-87.
10. Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter. 1993. "Measuring Political Knowledge: Putting First Things First." American Journal of Political Science 37(November):1179-206.
11. -. 1996. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
12. Druckman, James N. 2004. "Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects." American Political Science Review 98(November): 671-86. (Pubitemid 40046045)
13. Druckman, James N., and Kjersten R. Nelson. 2003. "Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens Conversations Limit Elite Influence." American Journal of Political Science 47(October): 729-45. (Pubitemid 37316234)
14. Fenno, Richard F. 1978. Homestyle: House Members in Their Districts. Boston: Little, Brown.
15. Fishkin, James S. 2009. When the People Speak. New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Fishkin, James S., and Robert C. Luskin. 2005. "Experimenting with a Democratic Ideal: Deliberative Polling and Public Opinion." Acta Politica 40(September):284-98. (Pubitemid 41222172)
17. Frangakis, Constantine E., and Donald B. Rubin. 1999. "Addressing Complications of Intentionto- treat Analysis in the Combined Presence of All-or-none Treatment-noncompliance and Subsequent Missing Outcomes." Biometrika 86(2):365-79. (Pubitemid 129767156)
18. -. 2002. "Principal Stratification in Causal Inference." Biometrics 58(March):21-29.
19. Gastil, John, and James P. Dillard. 1999. "Increasing Political Sophistication through Public Deliberation." Political Communication 16(3):3-23.
20. Gelman, Andrew, and Donald B. Rubin. 1992. "Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences." Statistical Science 7(November):434-55.
21. Gerber, Alan S., and Donald P. Green. 2000. "The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment." American Political Science Review 94(September): 653-63.
22. Gilens, Martin. 2001. "Political Ignorance and Collective Policy Preferences." American Political Science Review 95(June):379-96.
23. Habermas, Jürgen. 1984. In: The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume One: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, transl, ed. Thomas McCarty, Boston: Beacon Press.
24. -. 1996. Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, transl. and ed. William Rehg. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay. 1961. The Federalist Papers, ed. Clinton Rossiter. New York: New American Library.
26. Horiuchi, Yusaku, Kosuke Imai, and Naoko Taniguchi. 2007. "Designing and Analyzing Randomized Experiments: Application to a Japanese Election Survey Experiment." American Journal of Political Science 51(July):669-87.
27. Imai, Kosuke, Luke Keele, Dustin Tingley, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2010. "Identification of Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Data." Paper presented at the Third Annual West Coast Experiments Conference, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
28. Imai, Kosuke, Gary King, and Elizabeth A. Stuart. 2008. "Misunderstandings among Experimentalists and Observationalists about Causal Inference." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society) 171(April):481-502.
29. Imbens, Guido W., and Donald B. Rubin. 1997. "Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects in Randomized Experiments with Noncompliance." Annals of Statistics 25(1):305-27.
30. Jerit, Jennifer, Jason Barabas, and Toby Bolsen. 2006. "Citizens, Knowledge, and the Information Environment." American Journal of Political Science 50(April):266-82. (Pubitemid 43475140)
31. Kingdon, John W. 1989. Congressmen's Voting Decisions. 3rd ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
32. Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifer Jerit, and Robert F. Rich. 2001. "The Political Environment and Citizen Competence." American Journal of Political Science 45(April):410-24. (Pubitemid 33391313)
33. Lerner, Jennifer S., and Philip E. Tetlock. 1999. "Accounting for the Effects of Accountability." Psychological Bulletin 125(2):255-75.
34. Lupia, Arthur, and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Luskin, Robert C. 1990. "Explaining Political Sophistication." Political Behavior 12(December): 331-61.
36. Mealli, Fabrizia, Guido W. Imbens, Salvatore Ferro, and Annibale Biggeri. 2004. "Analyzing a Randomized Trial on Breast Self-examination with Noncompliance and Missing Outcomes." Biostatistics 5(2):207-22. (Pubitemid 41180224)
37. Mealli, Fabrizia, and Donald B. Rubin. 2003. "Commentary: Assumptions Allowing the Estimation of Direct Causal Effects." Journal of Econometrics 112:79-87.
38. Neblo, Michael A. 2005. "Thinking through Democracy: Between the Theory and Practice of Deliberative Politics." Acta Politica 40(2):169-81.
39. Niemi, Richard G., and Jane Junn. 1998. Civic Education: What Makes Students Learn? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
40. Pitkin Hanna Fenichel. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
41. Price, Vincent, and John Zaller. 1993. "Who Gets the News? Alternative Measures of News Reception and Their Implications for Research." Public Opinion Quarterly 57(Summer):133-64.
42. Prior, Markus, and Arthur Lupia. 2008. "Money, Time, and the Ability to Answer Political Knowledge Questions." American Journal of Political Science 52(January):169-83.
43. Rubin, Donald B. 2004. "Direct and Indirect Causal Effects via Potential Outcomes." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 31:161-70. (Pubitemid 38750721)
44. Sanders, Lynn M. 1997. "Against Deliberation." Political Theory 25(3):347-76.
45. Spiegelhalter, David, Andrew Thomas, Nicky Best, and Wally Gilks. 1996. BUGS 0.5: Bayesian Inference Using Gibbs Sampling Manual (version 2). Technical Report, MRC Biostatistics Unit.
46. Stokes, Donald E., and Warren E. Miller. 1962. "Party Government and the Saliency of Congress." Public Opinion Quarterly 26(Winter):531-46.
47. Tanner, Martin A., and Wing Hung Wong. 1987. "The Calculation of Posterior Distributions by Data Augmentation." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82(398):528-40.
48. Tetlock, Philip E. 1983. "Accountability and the Perseverance of First Impressions." Social Psychology Quarterly 46(December):285-92.
49. -. 1992. "The Impact of Accountability on Judgment and Choice: Toward a Social Contingency Model." In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Mark P. Zanna pp. 331-76. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
50. Tetlock, Philip E., Linda Skitka, and Richard Boettger. 1989. "Social and Cognitive Strategies for Coping with Accountability: Conformity, Complexity, and Bolstering." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(4):632-40.
51. Thompson, Erik P., Robert J. Roman, Gordon B. Moskowitz, Shelly Chaiken, and John A. Bargh. 1994. "Accuracy Motivation Attenuates Covert Priming: The Systematic Reprocessing of Social Information." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66(3):474-89.
52. Thompson, Nicola, and Derek R. Bell. 2006. "Articulating Political Knowledge in Deliberation." Contemporary Politics 12(September-December): 287-300.
53. Visser, Penny S., Allyson Holbrook, and Jon A. Krosnick. 2007. "Knowledge and Attitudes." In: The SAGE Handbook of Public Opinion Research, eds. Wolfgang Donsbach, Michael W. Traugott, pp.127-40. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
54. Williams, Richard. 2006. "Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Model for Ordinal Dependent Variables." Stata Journal 6(1):58-82. (Pubitemid 43708444)