Enzymatically active prostate-specific antigen promotes growth of human prostate cancers

Prostate

Volumn 71, Issue 15, 2011, Pages 1595-1607

  Williams, Simon A ^a,b   Jelinek, Christine A ^b   Litvinov, Ivan ^a   Cotter, Robert J ^b   Isaacs, John T ^a,b   Denmeade, Samuel R ^a,b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

enzyme; kallikrein; prostate; PSA

Indexed keywords

KALLIKREIN; LENTIVIRUS VECTOR; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROTEOME; SHORT HAIRPIN RNA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL STRAIN LNCAP; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; TUMOR CELL; TUMOR VOLUME;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; CELL LINE, TUMOR; CELL SURVIVAL; CLONING, MOLECULAR; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICE; MICE, NUDE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROTEOMICS; RNA, SMALL INTERFERING;

EID: 80053208464     PISSN: 02704137     EISSN: 10970045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pros.21375     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT,: The role of prostate-specific antigen in the clinical evaluation of prostatic disease. BJU Int 2004; 93 (Suppl 1): 10-15. (Pubitemid 38373075)
2. Lilja H, Christensson A, Dahlen U, Matikainen MT, Nilsson O, Pettersson K, Lovgren T,: Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Clin Chem 1991; 37 (9): 1618-1625. (Pubitemid 21905228)
3. Stenman UH, Leinonen J, Alfthan H, Rannikko S, Tuhkanen K, Alfthan O,: A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: Assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51 (1): 222-226.
4. Carter HB, Ferrucci L, Kettermann A, Landis P, Wright EJ, Epstein JI, Trock BJ, Metter EJ,: Detection of life-threatening prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen velocity during a window of curability. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98 (21): 1521-1527. (Pubitemid 44680903)
5. Fang J, Metter EJ, Landis P, Chan DW, Morrell CH, Carter HB,: Low levels of prostate-specific antigen predict long-term risk of prostate cancer: Results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Urology 2001; 58 (3): 411-416. (Pubitemid 32816360)
6. D'Amico AV, Cote K, Loffredo M, Renshaw AA, Schultz D,: Determinants of prostate cancer-specific survival after radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20 (23): 4567-4573. (Pubitemid 35402960)
7. D'Amico AV, Moul JW, Carroll PR, Sun L, Lubeck D, Chen MH,: Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95 (18): 1376-1383. (Pubitemid 37220457)
8. Partin AW, Yoo J, Carter HB, Pearson JD, Chan DW, Epstein JI, Walsh PC,: The use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage in men with localized prostate cancer. J Urol 1993; 150 (1): 110-114. (Pubitemid 23175983)
9. Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, Chan DW, Pearson JD, Walsh PC,: Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 1999; 281 (17): 1591-1597. (Pubitemid 29211767)
10. Williams SA, Singh P, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR,: Does PSA play a role as a promoting agent during the initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer? Prostate 2007; 67 (3): 312-329.
11. Shah RB, Mehra R, Chinnaiyan AM, Shen R, Ghosh D, Zhou M, Macvicar GR, Varambally S, Harwood J, Bismar TA, Kim R, Rubin MA, Pienta KJ,: Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: Lessons from a rapid autopsy program. Cancer Res 2004; 64 (24): 9209-9216. (Pubitemid 39665537)
12. Denmeade SR, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW, Khan SR, Isaacs JT,: Concentration of enzymatically active prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the extracellular fluid of primary human prostate cancers and human prostate cancer xenograft models. Prostate 2001; 48 (1): 1-6. (Pubitemid 32545071)
13. Isaacs JT, Isaacs WB,: Androgen receptor outwits prostate cancer drugs. Nat Med 2004; 10 (1): 26-27. (Pubitemid 38524693)
14. Lilja H,: A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J Clin Invest 1985; 76 (5): 1899-1903. (Pubitemid 16196061)
15. Lilja H, Abrahamsson PA, Lundwall A,: Semenogelin, the predominant protein in human semen. Primary structure and identification of closely related proteins in the male accessory sex glands and on the spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 1989; 264 (3): 1894-1900. (Pubitemid 19051040)
16. Bindukumar B, Schwartz SA, Nair MP, Aalinkeel R, Kawinski E, Chadha KC,: Prostate-specific antigen modulates the expression of genes involved in prostate tumor growth. Neoplasia 2005; 7 (5): 544. (Pubitemid 40791873)
17. Sun XY, Donald SP, Phang JM,: Testosterone and prostate specific antigen stimulate generation of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22 (11): 1775-1780. (Pubitemid 33064841)
18. Veveris-Lowe TL, Lawrence MG, Collard RL, Bui L, Herington AC, Nicol DL, Clements JA,: Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12 (3): 631-643. (Pubitemid 41482997)
19. Webber MM, Waghray A, Bello D,: Prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease, facilitates human prostate cancer cell invasion. Clin Cancer Res 1995; 1 (10): 1089-1094.
20. Cohen P, Graves HC, Peehl DM, Kamarei M, Giudice LC, Rosenfeld RG,: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease found in seminal plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75 (4): 1046-1053.
21. Dallas SL, Zhao S, Cramer SD, Chen Z, Peehl DM, Bonewald LF,: Preferential production of latent transforming growth factor beta-2 by primary prostatic epithelial cells and its activation by prostate-specific antigen. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202 (2): 361-370. (Pubitemid 40041306)
22. Cramer SD, Chen Z, Peehl DM,: Prostate specific antigen cleaves parathyroid hormone-related protein in the PTH-like domain: Inactivation of PTHrP-stimulated cAMP accumulation in mouse osteoblasts. J Urol 1996; 156 (2 Pt 1): 526-531. (Pubitemid 126445373)
23. Iwamura M, Hellman J, Cockett AT, Lilja H, Gershagen S,: Alteration of the hormonal bioactivity of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as a result of limited proteolysis by prostate-specific antigen. Urology 1996; 48 (2): 317-325. (Pubitemid 26279633)
24. Denmeade SR, Litvinov I, Sokoll LJ, Lilja H, Isaacs JT,: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein does not affect growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro or prostate cancer xenografts in vivo. Prostate 2003; 56 (1): 45-53. (Pubitemid 36613155)
25. Denmeade SR, Lou W, Lovgren J, Malm J, Lilja H, Isaacs JT,: Specific and efficient peptide substrates for assaying the proteolytic activity of prostate-specific antigen. Cancer Res 1997; 57 (21): 4924-4930. (Pubitemid 27469004)
26. Kumar A, Mikolajczyk SD, Goel AS, Millar LS, Saedi MS,: Expression of pro form of prostate-specific antigen by mammalian cells and its conversion to mature, active form by human kallikrein 2. Cancer Res 1997; 57 (15): 3111-3114. (Pubitemid 27351720)
27. Lovgren J, Rajakoski K, Karp M, Lundwall A, Lilja H,: Activation of the zymogen form of prostate-specific antigen by human glandular kallikrein 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 238 (2): 549-555. (Pubitemid 27464425)
28. Takayama TK, Fujikawa K, Davie EW,: Characterization of the precursor of prostate-specific antigen. Activation by trypsin and by human glandular kallikrein. J Biol Chem 1997; 272 (34): 21582-21588. (Pubitemid 27374034)
29. Fortier AH, Holaday JW, Liang H, Dey C, Grella DK, Holland-Linn J, Vu H, Plum SM, Nelson BJ,: Recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Prostate 2003; 56 (3): 212-219. (Pubitemid 36918172)
30. Fortier AH, Nelson BJ, Grella DK, Holaday JW,: Antiangiogenic activity of prostate-specific antigen. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91 (19): 1635-1640. (Pubitemid 29479930)
31. Nadiminty N, Lou W, Lee SO, Mehraein-Ghomi F, Kirk JS, Conroy JM, Zhang H, Gao AC,: Prostate-specific antigen modulates genes involved in bone remodeling and induces osteoblast differentiation of human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12 (5): 1420-1430.
32. Niu Y, Yeh S, Miyamoto H, Li G, Altuwaijri S, Yuan J, Han R, Ma T, Kuo HC, Chang C,: Tissue prostate-specific antigen facilitates refractory prostate tumor progression via enhancing ARA70-regulated androgen receptor transactivation. Cancer Res 2008; 68 (17): 7110-7119.
33. Denmeade SR, Sokoll LJ, Dalrymple S, Rosen DM, Gady AM, Bruzek D, Ricklis RM, Isaacs JT,: Dissociation between androgen responsiveness for malignant growth vs. expression of prostate specific differentiation markers PSA, hK2, and PSMA in human prostate cancer models. Prostate 2003; 54 (4): 249-257. (Pubitemid 36228161)
34. Denmeade SR, Jakobsen CM, Janssen S, Khan SR, Garrett ES, Lilja H, Christensen SB, Isaacs JT,: Prostate-specific antigen-activated thapsigargin prodrug as targeted therapy for prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95 (13): 990-1000. (Pubitemid 36896716)
35. Williams SA, Merchant RF, Garrett-Mayer E, Isaacs JT, Buckley JT, Denmeade SR,: A prostate-specific antigen-activated channel-forming toxin as therapy for prostatic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99 (5): 376-385. (Pubitemid 47073481)
36. Takayama TK, McMullen BA, Nelson PS, Matsumura M, Fujikawa K,: Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: Activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Biochemistry 2001; 40 (50): 15341-15348. (Pubitemid 33151949)
37. Williams SA, Xu Y, De Marzo AM, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR,: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is activated by KLK2 in prostate cancer ex vivo models and in prostate-targeted PSA/KLK2 double transgenic mice. Prostate 2010; 70 (7): 788-796.
38. Bindukumar B, Schwartz S, Aalinkeel R, Mahajan S, Lieberman A, Chadha K,: Proteomic profiling of the effect of prostate-specific antigen on prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2008; 68 (14): 1531-1545.
39. Sardana G, Jung K, Stephan C, Diamandis EP,: Proteomic analysis of conditioned media from the PC3, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines: Discovery and validation of candidate prostate cancer biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2008; 7 (8): 3329-3338.
40. Malnic B, Godfrey PA, Buck LB,: The human olfactory receptor gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101 (8): 2584-2589. (Pubitemid 38269354)
41. Xu LL, Stackhouse BG, Florence K, Zhang W, Shanmugam N, Sesterhenn IA, Zou Z, Srikantan V, Augustus M, Roschke V, Carter K, McLeod DG, Moul JW, Soppett D, Srivastava S,: PSGR, a novel prostate-specific gene with homology to a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2000; 60 (23): 6568-6572.
42. Neuhaus EM, Zhang W, Gelis L, Deng Y, Noldus J, Hatt H,: Activation of an olfactory receptor inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284 (24): 16218-16225.
43. Huang L, Kirschke CP, Zhang Y,: Decreased intracellular zinc in human tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells: A possible role in prostate cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2006; 6: 10.
44. Williams SA, Denmeade SR,: Development of prostate cancer cells expressing enzymatically active prostate specific antigen. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference 2005; B55.
45. Chen Z, Komatsu K, Prestigiacomo A, Stamey TA,: Addition of purified prostate specific antigen to serum from female subjects: Studies on the relative inhibition by alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. J Urol 1996; 156 (4): 1357-1363. (Pubitemid 26307610)
46. Adlington RM, Baldwin JE, Becker GW, Chen B, Cheng L, Cooper SL, Hermann RB, Howe TJ, McCoull W, McNulty AM, Neubauer BL, Pritchard GJ,: Design, synthesis, and proposed active site binding analysis of monocyclic 2-azetidinone inhibitors of prostate specific antigen. J Med Chem 2001; 44 (10): 1491-1508. (Pubitemid 32852193)
47. Koistinen H, Wohlfahrt G, Mattsson JM, Wu P, Lahdenpera J, Stenman UH,: Novel small molecule inhibitors for prostate-specific antigen. Prostate 2008; 68 (11): 1143-1151.
48. LeBeau AM, Singh P, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR,: Potent and selective peptidyl boronic acid inhibitors of the serine protease prostate-specific antigen. Chem Biol 2008; 15 (7): 665-674. (Pubitemid 351957911)
49. Ishihama Y, Oda Y, Tabata T, Sato T, Nagasu T, Rappsilber J, Mann M,: Exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) for estimation of absolute protein amount in proteomics by the number of sequenced peptides per protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4 (9): 1265-1272. (Pubitemid 41448714)