Addition of purified prostate specific antigen to serum from female subjects: Studies on the relative inhibition by α2-macroglobulin and α1- antichymotrypsin

Journal of Urology

Volumn 156, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 1357-1363

  Chen, Zuxiong ^a   Komatsu, Kazuto ^a   Prestigiacomo, Anthony ^a   Stamey, Thomas A ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

alpha 1 antichymotrypsin; alpha macroglobulins; immunoassay; prostate specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; ALPHA 2 MACROGLOBULIN; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; SERODIAGNOSIS;

EID: 0029795852     PISSN: 00225347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65586-1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Lilja, H.: A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J. Clin. Invest., 76: 1899, 1985.
2. Watt, K. W. K., Lee, P. J., M'Timkulu, T., Chan, W.-P. and Loor, R.: Human prostate-specific antigen: structural and functional similarity with serine proteases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 83: 3166, 1986.
3. Christensson, A., Laurell, C.-B. and Lilja, H.: Enzymatic activity of the prostate-specific antigen and its reactions with extracellular serine protease inhibitors. Eur. J. Biochem., 194: 755, 1990.
4. España, F., Sanchez-Cuenca, J., Vera, C. D., Estelles, A. and Gilabert, J.: A quantitative ELISA for the measurement of complexes of prostate-specific antigen with protein C inhibitor when using a purified standard. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 122: 711, 1993.
5. Christensson, A. and Lilja, H.: Complex formation between protein C inhibitor and prostate-specific antigen in vitro and in human semen. Eur. J. Biochem., 220: 45, 1994.
6. Christensson, A.: Prostate-specific antigen: enzymatic activity and reactions with extracellular protease inhibitors. Ph. D thesis, Lund University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Malmo, Sweden, 1993.
7. Stenman, U. H., Leinonen, J., Alfthan, H., Rannikko, S., Tuhkanen, K. and Alfthan, O.: A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res., 51: 222, 1991.
8. Stamey, T. A., Chen, Z. and Prestigiacomo, A.: Serum prostate specific antigen binding α1-antichymotrypsin: influence of cancer volume, location and therapeutic selection of resistant clones. J. Urol., 152: 1510, 1994.
9. Barrett, A. J. and Starkey, P. M.: The interaction of alpha 2-macroglobulin with proteinases. Characteristics and specificity of the reaction, and a hypothesis concerning its molecular mechanism. Biochem. J., 133: 709, 1973.
10. Sottrup-Jensen, L.: Alpha-macroglobulins: structure, shape, and mechanism of proteinase complex formation. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 11539, 1989.
11. Christensson, A., Björk, T., Nilsson, O., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M.-T., Cockett, A. T. K., Abrahamsson, P.-A. and Lilja, H.: Serum prostate specific antigen complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer. J. Urol., 150: 100, 1993.
12. Sensabaugh, G. F. and Blake, E. T.: Seminal plasma protein p30: simplified purification and evidence for identity with prostate specific antigen. J. Urol., 144: 1523, 1990.
13. Graves, H. C. B., Kamarei, M. and Stamey, T. A.: Identity of prostate specific antigen and the semen protein P30 purified by a rapid chromatography technique. J. Urol., 144: 1510, 1990.
14. Graves, H. C., Wehner, N. and Stamey, T. A.: Ultrasensitive radioimmunoassay of prostate-specific antigen. Clin. Chem., 38: 735, 1992.
15. Laemmli, U. K.: Cleavage of structure proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227: 680, 1970.
16. Schägger, H. and von Jagow, G.: Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa. Anal. Biochem., 166: 368, 1987.
17. Turner, B. M.: The use of alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated second antibody for the visualization of electrophoretically separated proteins recognized by monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods, 63: 1, 1983.
18. Stamey, T. A.: Second Stanford Conference on International Standardization of Prostate-Specific Antigen Immunoassays: September 1 and 2, 1994. Urology, 45: 173, 1995.
19. Chen, Z., Prestigiacomo, A. and Stamey, T. A.: Purification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin: potential reference material for international standardization of PSA immunoassays. Clin. Chem., 41: 1273, 1995.
20. Lilja, H., Christensson, A., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M.-T., Nilsson, O., Pettersson, K. and Lovgen, T.: Prostate-specific antigen in human serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Clin. Chem., 37: 1618, 1991.
21. Travis, J. and Salvesen, G.: Human plasma proteinase inhibitors. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 52: 655, 1983.
22. Chu, C. T. and Pizzo, S. V.: Alpha 2-macroglobulin, complement, and biologic defense: antigens, growth factors, microbial proteases, and receptor ligation. Lab. Invest., 71: 792, 1994.
23. Ohlsson, K. and Laurell, C. B.: The disappearance of enzyme-inhibitor complexes from the circulation of man. Clin. Sci. Molec. Med., 51: 87, 1976.
24. Imber, M. J. and Pizzo, S. V.: Clearance and binding of two electrophoretic "fast" forms of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. J. Biol. Chem., 256: 8134, 1981.
25. Kristensen, T., Moestrup, S. K., Gleimann, J., Bendtsen, L., Sand, O. and Sottrup-Jensen, L.: Evidence that the newly cloned low-density-lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP) is the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. FEBS Lett., 276: 151, 1990.
26. Strickland, D. K., Ashcom, J. D., Williams, S., Burgess, W. H., Migliorini, M. and Argraves, W. S.: Sequence identity between the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein suggests that this molecule is a multifunctional receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 265: 17401, 1990.
27. Stamey, T. A., Yang, N., Hay, A. R., McNeal, J. E., Freiha, F. S. and Redwine, E.: Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. New Engl. J. Med., 317: 909, 1987.
28. Zhou, A. M., Tewari, P. C., Bluestein, B. I., Caldwell, G. W. and Larsen, F. L.: Multiple forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum: differences in immunorecognition by monoclonal and polyclonal assays. Clin. Chem., 39: 2483, 1993.
29. Bjartell, A., Björk, T., Matikainen, M.-T., Abrahamsson, P.-A., di Sant'Agnese, A. and Lilja, H.: Production of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin by PSA-containing cells of human prostate epithelium. Urology, 42: 502, 1993.
30. 1-antichymotrypsin production in PSA-producing cells is common in prostate cancer but rare in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 43: 427, 1994.
31. Travis, J., Bowen, J. and Baugh, R.: Human alpha-1-antichymotrypsin: interaction with chymotrypsin-like proteinases. Biochemistry, 17: 5651, 1978.
32. Perlmutter, D. H., Joslin, G., Nelson, P., Schasteen, C., Adams, S. P. and Fallon, R. J.: Endocytosis and degradation of alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complexes is mediated by the serpin-enzyme complex (SEC) receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 265: 16713, 1990.
33. Perlmutter, D. H., Glover, G. I., Rivetna, M., Schasteen, C. S. and Fallon, R. J.: Identification of a serpin-enzyme complex receptor on human hepatoma cells and human monocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 87: 3753, 1990.
34. Enghild, J. J., Valnickova, Z., Thøgersen, I. B. and Pizzo, S. V.: Complexes between serpins and inactive proteinases are not thermodynamically stable but are recognized by serpin receptors. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 20159, 1994.
35. Poller, W., Willnow, T. E., Hilpert, J. and Herz, J.: Differential recognition of alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-cathepsin G complexes by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 2841, 1995.