Will the real empathy please stand up? A case for a narrow conceptualization

Southern Journal of Philosophy

Volumn 49, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages 40-65

  Coplan, Amy ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052614912     PISSN: 00384283     EISSN: 20416962     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-6962.2011.00056.x     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Adelmann, P. K., and, R. B. Zajonc,. 1989. Facial efference and the experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology 40: 249-80.
2. Baron-Cohen, S., A. M. Leslie, and, U. Frith,. 1985. Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"? Cognition 21: 37-46.
3. Batson, C. D., 1991. The altruism question. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Batson, C. D., 2009. These things called empathy: Eight related but distinct phenomena. In Decety and Ickes 2009, 3-15.
5. Batson, C. D., B. D. Duncan, P. Ackerman, T. Buckley, and, K. Birch,. 1981. Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40: 290-302.
6. Batson, C. D., D. A. Lishner, A. Carpenter, L. Dulin, S. Harjusola-Webb, E. L. Stocks, S. Gale, O. Hassan, and, B. Sampat,. 2003. "As you would have them do unto you": Does imagining yourself in the other's place stimulate moral action? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 1190-1201.
7. Batson, C. D., J. Fultz, and, P. A. Schoenrade,. 1987. Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality 55: 19-39.
8. Batson, C. D., K. Sager, E. Garst, M. Kang, K. Rubchinsky, and, K. Dawson,. 1997. Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73: 495-509.
9. Batson, C. D., S. Early, and, G. Salvarani,. 1997. Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imaging how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23: 751-58.
10. Bavelas, J. B., A. Black, C. R. Lemery, and, J. Mullett,. 1987. Motor mimicry as primitive empathy. In Eisenberg and Strayer 1987, 317-38.
11. Bohart, A. C., and, L. S. Greenberg,. 1997. Empathy and psychotherapy: An introductory overview. In Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy, ed., A. C. Bohart, and, L. S. Greenberg, 3-31. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
12. Clark, A. J., 2007. Empathy in counseling and psychotherapy: Perspectives and practices. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Clark, K. B., 1980. Empathy: A neglected topic in psychological research. American Psychologist 35: 187-90.
14. Coplan, A., 2006. Catching characters' emotions: Emotional contagion responses to narrative fiction film. Film Studies 8: 26-38.
15. Coplan, A., 2009. Empathy and character engagement. In The Routledge companion to philosophy and film, ed., P. Livingston, and, C. Plantinga, 97-110. London and New York: Routledge.
16. Coplan, A., 2010. Feeling without thinking: Lessons from the ancients on the nature of emotion and virtue acquisition. Metaphilosophy 41: 132-51.
17. Coplan, A., Forthcoming. Understanding empathy: Its features and effects. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
18. Coplan, A., and, D. Matravers,. 2011. Film, literature, and non-cognitive affect. In New takes in film-philosophy, ed., H. Carel, and, G. Tuck, 117-34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
19. Coplan, A., and, P. Goldie, eds. Forthcoming. Empathy: Philosophical and psychological perspectives. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Currie, G., Forthcoming. Empathy with objects. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
21. Davies, Stephen,. Forthcoming. Infectious music: Music listener emotional contagion. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
22. Davis, M. H., 1996. Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder, CO: Westview.
23. De Waal, F., 2009. The age of empathy: Nature's lessons for a kinder society. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
24. Debes, R., 2010. Which empathy? Limitations in the mirrored "understanding" of emotion. Synthese 175: 219-39.
25. Decety, J., 2006. Human empathy. Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology 22: 11-33.
26. Decety, J., 2007. A social cognitive neuroscience model of human empathy. In Social neuroscience: Integrating biological and psychological explanations of social behavior, ed., E. Harmon-Jones, and, P. Winkielman, 246-70. New York: Guilford Press.
27. Decety, J., and, A. N. Meltzoff,. Forthcoming. Empathy, imitation, and the social brain. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
28. Decety, J., and, C. Lamm,. 2009. Empathy versus personal distress: Recent evidence from social neuroscience. In Decety and Ickes 2009, 199-213.
29. Decety, J., and, J. Grèzes,. 2006. The power of simulation: Imagining one's own and other's behavior. Brain Research 1079: 4-14.
30. Decety, J., and, J. A. Sommerville,. 2003. Shared representations between self and other: A social cognitive neuroscience view. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7: 527-33.
31. Decety, J., and, P. L. Jackson,. 2004. The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 3: 71-100.
32. Decety, J., and, P. L. Jackson,. 2006. A social-neuroscience perspective on empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science 15: 54-58.
33. Decety, J., and, S. D. Hodges,. 2006. The social neuroscience of empathy. In Bridging social psychology: Benefits of transdisciplinary approaches, ed., P. A. M. Van Lange, 103-09. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
34. Decety, J., and, T. Chaminade,. 2003. When the self represents the other: A new cognitive neuroscience view on psychological identification. Consciousness and Cognition 12: 577-96.
35. Decety, J., and, W. Ickes, eds. 2009. The social neuroscience of empathy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Dimberg, U., 1982. Facial reactions to facial expressions. Psychophysiology 19: 643-47.
37. Dimberg, U., 1988. Facial electromyography and the experience of emotion. Journal of Psychophysiology 2: 277-82.
38. Dimberg, U., 1990. Facial electromyography and emotional reactions. Psychophysiology 27: 481-94.
39. Dunning, D., D. W. Griffin, J. D. Milojkovic, and, L. Ross,. 1990. The overconfidence effect in social prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58: 568-81.
40. Eisenberg, N., 2000. Empathy and sympathy. In Handbook of emotions, ed., M. Lewis, and, J. M. Haviland-Jones, 677-91. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
41. Eisenberg, N., and, J. Strayer,. 1987. Critical issues in the study of empathy. In Empathy and its development, ed., N. Eisenberg, and, J. Strayer, 3-13. New York: Cambridge University Press.
42. Gazzola, V., L. Aziz-Zadeh, and, C. Keysers,. 2006. Empathy and the somatotopic auditory mirror system in humans. Current Biology 16: 1824-29.
43. Gladstein, G. A., 1984. The historical roots of contemporary empathy research. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 20: 38-59.
44. Gladstein, G. A., and, J. Brennan,. 1987. Empathy and counseling: Explorations in theory and research. New York: Springer-Verlag.
45. Goldie, P., 1999. How we think of others' emotions. Mind and Language 14: 394-423.
46. Goldie, P., 2002. The emotions: A philosophical exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. Goldie, P., Forthcoming. Anti-empathy. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
48. Goldman, A. I., 2006. Simulating minds: The philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience of mindreading. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Goldman, A. I., Forthcoming. Two routes to empathy: Insights from cognitive neuroscience. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
50. Hatfield, E., J. T. Cacioppo, and, R. L. Rapson,. 1994. Emotional contagion: Studies in emotion and social interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51. Hatfield, E., R. L. Rapson, and, Y. L. Le,. 2009. Emotional contagion and empathy. In Decety and Ickes 2009, 19-30.
52. Hess, U., and, S. Blairy,. 2001. Facial mimicry and emotional contagion to dynamic emotional facial expressions and their influence on decoding accuracy. International Journal of Psychophysiology 40: 129-41.
53. Hodges, S. D., 2008. Perspective-taking. In International encyclopedia of the social sciences, ed., W. A. Darity, 226-27. Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference.
54. Hodges, S. D., and, D. M. Wegner,. 1997. Automatic and controlled empathy. In Empathic accuracy, ed., W. Ickes, 311-39. New York: Guilford Press.
55. Hoffman, M. L., 2000. Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
56. Iacoboni, M., 2008. Mirroring people: The science of empathy and how we connect with others. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
57. Iacoboni, M., Forthcoming. Within each other: Neural mechanisms for empathy in the primate brain. In Coplan and Goldie, forthcoming.
58. Jackson, P. L., A. N. Meltzoff, and, J. Decety,. 2005. How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. NeuroImage 24: 771-79.
59. Jackson, P. L., A. N. Meltzoff, and, J. Decety,. 2006. Neural circuits involved in imitation and perspective-taking. NeuroImage 31: 429-39.
60. Jackson, P. L., E. Brunet, A. N. Meltzoff, and, J. Decety,. 2006. Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain. Neuropsychologia 44: 752-61.
61. Keysar, B., S. Lin, and, D. J. Barr,. 2003. Limits on theory of mind use in adults. Cognition 89: 25-41.
62. Kögler, H. H., and, K. R. Stueber,. 2000. Introduction: Empathy, simulation, and interpretation in the philosophy of social science. In Empathy and agency: The problem of understanding in the human sciences, ed., H. H. Kögler, and, K. R. Stueber, 1-61. Boulder, CO: Westview.
63. Lamm, C., A. N. Meltzoff, and, J. Decety,. 2010. How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22: 362-76.
64. Lamm, C., C. D. Batson, and, J. Decety,. 2007. The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19: 42-58.
65. Lamm, C., H. C. Nusbaum, A. N. Meltzoff, and, J. Decety,. 2007. What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain. PLoS ONE 2: e1292.
66. Levenson, R. W., P. Ekman, and, W. V. Friesen,. 1990. Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology 27: 363-84.
67. McCauley, R. N., Forthcoming. About face: Philosophical naturalism, the heuristic identity theory, and recent findings about prosopagnosia. In New perspectives on type identity, ed., S. Gozzano, and, C. Hill,. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68. Nummenmaa, L., J. Hirvonen, R. Parkkola, and, J. K. Hietanen,. 2008. Is emotional contagion special? An fMRI study on neural systems for affective and cognitive empathy. NeuroImage 43: 571-80.
69. Obama, Barack,. 2006a. Xavier university commencement address, August 11, 2006. Xavier University, New Orleans, LA.
70. Obama, Barack,. 2006b. The audacity of hope: Thoughts on reclaiming the American dream. New York: Crown Publishers.
71. Pfeifer, J. H., M. Iacoboni, J. C. Mazziotta, and, M. Dapretto,. 2008. Mirroring others' emotions relates to empathy and interpersonal competence in children. NeuroImage 39: 2076-85.
72. Preston, S. D., and, F. B. de Waal,. 2002. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25: 1-20; discussion, 20-71.
73. Robinson, J., 2005. Deeper than reason: Emotion and its role in literature, music, and art. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
74. Royzman, E. B., K. W. Cassidy, and, J. Baron,. 2003. "I know, you know": Epistemic egocentrism in children and adults. Review of General Psychology 7: 38-65.
75. Ruby, P., and, J. Decety,. 2001. Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: A PET investigation of agency. Nature Neuroscience 4: 546-50.
76. Ruby, P., and, J. Decety,. 2004. How would you feel versus how do you think she would feel? A neuroimaging study of perspective-taking with social emotions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16: 988-99.
77. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., J. Aharon-Peretz, and, D. Perry,. 2009. Two systems for empathy: A double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain: A Journal of Neurology 132: 617-27.
78. Singer, T., 2006. The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review of literature and implications for future research. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 30: 855-63.
79. Slote, M. A., 2007. The ethics of care and empathy. London and New York: Routledge.
80. Slote, M. A., 2010. Moral sentimentalism. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
81. Smith, M., 1995. Engaging characters: Fiction. In Engaging characters: Fiction, emotion and the cinema. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
82. Stengel, R., 2010. Person of the year - the case: How Zuckerberg and Facebook are changing our lives. Time, December 27, 2010, 43-78.
83. Streep, M., 2010. Barnard College Commencement address, May 18, 2010. Barnard College, Columbia University, New York. Available online at http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/2010/05/18/streep-barnard.
84. Stueber, K. R., 2000. Understanding other minds and the problem of rationality. In Empathy and agency: The problem of understanding in the human sciences, ed., H. H. Kögler, and, K. R. Stueber, 144-62. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
85. Stueber, K. R., 2006. Rediscovering empathy: Agency, folk psychology, and the human sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
86. Stueber, K. R., 2008. Empathy. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta. Available online at http://plato.stanford.edu/ archives/fall2008/entries/empathy/.
87. Titchener, Edward,. 1909. Lectures on the experimental psychology of the thought processes. New York: Macmillan.
88. Vallone, R. P., D. W. Griffin, S. Lin, and, L. Ross,. 1990. Overconfident prediction of future actions and outcomes by self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58: 582-92.
89. Verducci, S., 2005. A conceptual history of empathy and a question it raises for moral education. Educational Theory 50: 63-80.
90. Wimmer, H., and, J. Perner,. 1983. Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition 13: 103-28.
91. Wispé, L., 1987. History of the concept of empathy. In Eisenberg and Strayer 1987, 17-37.