A conceptual history of empathy and a question it raises for moral education

Educational Theory

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 63-80

  Verducci, Susan ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442587960     PISSN: 00132004     EISSN: 17415446     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-5446.2000.00063.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

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8. William Damon, Greater Expectations: Overcoming the Culture of Indulgence in Our Homes and Schools (New York: Free Press Paperbacks, 1995) 134.
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11. Gail Reed, "The Antithetical Meaning of the Term 'Empathy' in Psychoanalytic Discourse," In Empathy I ed. Joseph Lichtcnherg, Melvin Bornstein, and Donald Silver (Hillsdale, N.J.: The Analytic Press, 1984), 14-18.
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16. I assume a difference between perceptual cognitive activity (seeing some object) and a more complex cognition (thinking about, analyzing, reasoning). The cognition I discuss in this chapter is the latter and more complex sort.
17. Elsewhere, I argue that this bifurcation is artificial to empathic phenomena connected to morality. An interrelation and interdependence of both cognition and affect are present in empathies that are tightly connected to morality. Susan Verdueei, "Empathy, Morality, and Moral Education" (Ph.D. diss., Stanford University, 1999).
18. Martin Buber, Between Man and Man, Trans. Ronald Gregor Smith (New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1965), 97.
19. Friedrich Vischer, In Empathy, Form, and Space; Problems in German Aesthetics 1873-1893, ed. Harry Francis Mallgrave and Eleftherios Ikonomou (Los Angeles: The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1994), 19-20.
20. Alice Walker, The Color Purple (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 19821, 168.
21. Robert Vischer, 1994, 109.
22. Johannes Volkelt, Der symbol - Begriff inder neusten Aesthetik (Jena: H. Duff, 1876).
23. Theodor Lipps, Empathy, Inner Imitation, and Sense-Feelings, reprinted in Mallgrave and Ikonomou, Empathy, Form, and Space, 28, 371.
24. My thanks go to Kenworth Moffett for this point.
25. My ehanks go to Elliot Eisner for this point.
26. Richard Restak, "Possible Neurophysiological Correlates of Empathy," In Lichtenberg, Bornstein, and Silver, Empathy 1, 63.
27. Abraham Sagi and Martin Hoffman, "Empathic Distress in the Newborn," Developmental Psychology 12 (1976): 175-8.DOI: 10.1037//0012-1649.12.2.175.
28. Marvin L. Simner, "Newborn's Response to the Cry of Another Infant," Developmental Psychology 5 (1971): 136-50.
29. Gustave LeBon, The Crowd, A Study of the Popular Mind (1920) Reprint, Atlanta: Cherokee Publishing, 1982).
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32. C.K. Hsee, Elaine Hatfieid, and John G. Carlson, "The Effect of Power on Susceptibility to Emotional Contagion," Cognition and Emotion 4 (1990): 327-40.
33. I.H. Gotlib and L.A. Robinson, "Responses to Depressed Individuals: Discrepance Between Self-Report and Observer Rated Behavior" Journal of Abnormal Psychology 91 (1982) 231-40.DOI: 10.1037//0021-843X.91.4.231.
34. Michael Franz Basch, "Empathic Understanding: A Review of the Concept and Some Theoretical Considerations," Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 31 (1983): 101-26. This represents a review of the literature.
35. "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego," In Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachcy (London: Hogarth Press, 1922), 69-144.18.
36. Theodor Reik, Listening with the Third Ear (London: Farrar, Straus, 1948).
37. Renuka M. Sharma, "Empathy: A Retrospective on its Development in Psychotherapy," Australian and New England Journal of Psychiatry 26 (1992): 381.
38. Code, "'I Know Just How You Peel'" 83; italics are mine.
39. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. Lewis Selby-Bigge and Peter Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 202 1739-40).
40. This book will be cited as THN in the text for all subsequent references.
41. Arne Johan Vetlesen. Perception, Empathy, and Judgment: An Inquiry into the Preconditions of Moral Performance (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994).
42. Although the separation between sympathy and emotion is a move that Hume also makes, Hume's sympathy neeessarily results in the subject's experience of emotions. Vetlesen's does not.
43. Carl Rogers, "Empnthic: An Unappreciated Way of Being," The Counseling Psychologist 1 (1975): 4.
44. Code, "I Know Just How You Feel".
45. Heinz Kohut, "Introspection, Empathy, And the Semicircle of Mental Health," in Lichtcnberg, Bornstein, and Silver, Empathy 1. This article will be cited as I IES in the text for all subsequent references.
46. Judith Jordon, "Empathy and the Mother-Daughter Relationship,"Women and Empathy: Implications for Psychological Development and Psychotherapy (Wellesley, Mass.: Stone Center, 1981), 3.
47. Roy Schafer, "Generative Empathy in the Treatment Situation," Psychoanalytic Quarterly 28 (1959).
48. Edith Stein, On the Problem of Empathy (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964), 60.
49. This book will be cited as OPE in the text for all subsequent references.
50. Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 90.
51. Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education (Cambridge: Harvard University, Press, 1997), 90.
52. Megan Boler, Feeling Power, Emotions and Education (New York: Routledgc, 1999), 155-74.
53. Susan Verducci, "Moral Empathy: The Necessity of Intersubjectivity and Dialogic Confirmation,"Philosophy of Education 1998. ed. Steve Tozer (Urbana, III: Philosophy of Education Society, 1999).