Nutrition and chronic kidney disease

Kidney International

Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 348-357

  Fouque, Denis ^a,b   Pelletier, Solenne ^a,b   Mafra, Denise ^a,c   Chauveau, Philippe ^d  

^a EDOUARD HERRIOT HOSPITAL   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

^c FLUMINENSE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY   (Brazil)

^d AURAD Aquitaine   (France)

Author keywords

dialysis; inflammation; malnutrition; phosphate; proteinuria

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GHRELIN; GROWTH HORMONE; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATE; PREALBUMIN; RECOMBINANT GHRELIN; RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE; SERUM ALBUMIN; SOMATOMEDIN C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANOREXIA; CATABOLISM; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DIALYSIS MEMBRANE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MALNUTRITION; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; MORTALITY; MUSCLE ATROPHY; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CALORIE MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; PROTEINURIA; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; UREMIA;

EID: 80052273502     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: 15231755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.118     Document Type: Short Survey

References (121)

1. Scribner BJ, Buri R, Caner JE et al. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: a preliminary report. Trans ASAIO 1960; 6: 114-122.
2. Aparicio M, Cano N, Chauveau P et al. Nutritional status of haemodialysis patients: a French national cooperative study. French Study Group for Nutrition in Dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 1679-1686. (Pubitemid 29313045)
3. Kobayashi I, Ishimura E, Kato Y et al. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, a simplified nutritional screening index, is a significant predictor of mortality in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: 3361-3365.
4. Pifer TB, McCullough KP, Port FK et al. Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators: DOPPS. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 2238-2245. (Pubitemid 35366181)
5. Chauveau P, Combe C, Laville M et al. Factors influencing survival in hemodialysis patients aged older than 75 years: 2.5-year outcome study. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37: 997-1003. (Pubitemid 32436572)
6. Fouque D, Aparicio M. Eleven reasons to control the protein intake of patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007; 3: 383-392. (Pubitemid 46987805)
7. KDOQI. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49: S12-S154.
8. Toigo G, Aparicio M, Attman PO et al. Expert Working Group report on nutrition in adult patients with renal insufficiency (part 1 of 2). Clin Nutr 2000; 19: 197-207. (Pubitemid 30599310)
9. Clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. K/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: S1-S140.
10. Wright M, Jones C. Clinical Practices Guidelines: nutrition in CKD. UK Renal Association 2010. www.renal.org/guidelines.
11. ANAES. Moyens thé́ rapeutiques pour ralentir la progression de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez l'adulte. ANAES 2004; Paris: http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/plugins/ModuleXitiKLEE/types/FileDocument/ doXiti.jsp?id=c-268116.
12. Fouque D, Laville M. Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009: CD001892.
13. Bernhard J, Beaufrere B, Laville M et al. Adaptive response to a lowprotein diet in predialysis chronic renal failure patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 1249-1254. (Pubitemid 32472639)
14. Levey AS, Greene T, Beck GJ et al. Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study group. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 2426-2439. (Pubitemid 29501478)
15. Brantsma AH, Atthobari J, Bakker SJ et al. What predicts progression and regression of urinary albumin excretion in the nondiabetic population? J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 637-645. (Pubitemid 46193330)
16. Aparicio M, Bouchet JL, Gin H et al. Effect of a low-protein diet on urinary albumin excretion in uremic patients. Nephron 1988; 50: 288-291.
17. Maroni BJ, Staffeld C, Young VR et al. Mechanisms permitting nephrotic patients to achieve nitrogen equilibrium with a protein-restricted diet. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2479-2487. (Pubitemid 27227727)
18. Bernard S, Fouque D, Laville M et al. Effects of low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids on plasma lipids in adult chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996; 22: 143-146. (Pubitemid 126448825)
19. Gansevoort RT, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE. Additive antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition and a low-protein diet in human renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10: 497-504.
20. Bellizzi V, Di Iorio BR, De Nicola L et al. Very low protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogs improves blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 245-251. (Pubitemid 46160925)
21. Di Iorio BR, Minutolo R, De Nicola L et al. Supplemented very low protein diet ameliorates responsiveness to erythropoietin in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 2003; 64: 1822-1828. (Pubitemid 37323713)
22. Rigalleau V, Blanchetier V, Combe C et al. A low-protein diet improves insulin sensitivity of endogenous glucose production in predialytic uremic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1512-1516. (Pubitemid 27187766)
23. Combe C, Morel D, de Precigout V et al. Long-term control of hyperparathyroidism in advanced renal failure by low-phosphorus lowprotein diet supplemented with calcium (without changes in plasma calcitriol). Nephron 1995; 70: 287-295.
24. Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J et al. A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2008; 73: 391-398. (Pubitemid 351186278)
25. Ikizler TA. Dietary protein restriction in CKD: the debate continues. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 189-191.
26. Workeneh BT, Mitch WE. Review of muscle wasting associated with chronic kidney disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1128S-1132S.
27. Evans WJ. Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1123S-11127.
28. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Mehrotra R, Fouque D et al. Metabolic acidosis and malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in chronic renal failure. Semin Dial 2004; 17: 455-465. (Pubitemid 40110431)
29. Mitch WE. Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein metabolism in uremia. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996; 22: 62-65. (Pubitemid 126448806)
30. Goodship TH, Mitch WE, Hoerr RA et al. Adaptation to low-protein diets in renal failure: leucine turnover and nitrogen balance. J Am Soc Nephrol 1990; 1: 66-75.
31. de Brito-Ashurst I, Varagunam M, Raftery MJ et al. Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 2075-2084.
32. Siew ED, Pupim LB, Majchrzak KM et al. Insulin resistance is associated with skeletal muscle protein breakdown in non-diabetic chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 146-152. (Pubitemid 46094688)
33. D'Apolito M, Du X, Zong H et al. Urea-induced ROS generation causes insulin resistance in mice with chronic renal failure. J Clin Invest 2010; 120: 203-213.
34. Kuwahara H, Horie T, Ishikawa S et al. Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle causes severe disturbance of exercise activity without muscle atrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48: 1252-1262.
35. Gao X, Wu J, Dong Z et al. A low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids plays a more protective role against oxidative stress of rat kidney tissue with 5/6 nephrectomy than a low-protein diet alone. Br J Nutr 2010; 103: 608.
36. Peuchant E, Delmas-Beauvieux MC, Dubourg L et al. Antioxidant effects of a supplemented very low protein diet in chronic renal failure. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 22: 313-320. (Pubitemid 26399337)
37. Chauveau P, Vendrely B, El Haggan W et al. Body composition of patients on a very low-protein diet: a two-year survey with DEXA. J Ren Nutr 2003; 13: 282-287. (Pubitemid 38367742)
38. Chauveau P, Combe C, Rigalleau V et al. Restricted protein diet is associated with decrease in proteinuria: consequences on the progression of renal failure. J Ren Nutr 2007; 17: 250-257. (Pubitemid 46936227)
39. Vendrely B, Chauveau P, Barthe N et al. Nutrition in hemodialysis patients previously on a supplemented very low protein diet. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 1491-1498. (Pubitemid 36350015)
40. Menon V, Kopple JD, Wang X et al. Effect of a very low-protein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 208-217.
41. Chauveau P, Couzi L, Vendrely B et al. Long-term outcome on renal replacement therapy in patients who previously received a keto acidsupplemented very-low-protein diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 969-974.
42. Kaysen GA, Johansen KL, Cheng SC et al. Trends and outcomes associated with serum albumin concentration among incident dialysis patients in the United States. J Ren Nutr 2008; 18: 323-331. (Pubitemid 351818239)
43. Campbell KL, Ash S, Davies PS et al. Randomized controlled trial of nutritional counseling on body composition and dietary intake in severe CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: 748-758. (Pubitemid 351626243)
44. Wolfe RR, Miller SL, Miller KB. Optimal protein intake in the elderly. Clin Nutr 2008; 27: 675-684.
45. Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21: 1-13.
46. Pupim LB, Flakoll PJ, Levenhagen DK et al. Exercise augments the acute anabolic effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286: E589-E597. (Pubitemid 38374956)
47. Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L. How long can dialysis be postponed by low protein diet and ACE inhibitors? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14: 1360-1364. (Pubitemid 29241723)
48. Kopple JD, Greene T, Chumlea WC et al. Relationship between nutritional status and the glomerular filtration rate: results from the MDRD study. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 1688-1703. (Pubitemid 30207928)
49. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, McAllister CJ et al. Appetite and inflammation, nutrition, anemia, and clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 299-307. (Pubitemid 41080002)
50. Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J et al. Comparison of nutritional and inflammatory markers in dialysis patients with reduced appetite. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 695-701. (Pubitemid 46393499)
51. Carrero JJ. Mechanisms of altered regulation of food intake in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2011; 21: 7-11.
52. Korner J, Leibel RL. To eat or not to eat-how the gut talks to the brain. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 926-928. (Pubitemid 37064764)
53. Mafra D, Jolivot A, Chauveau P et al. Are ghrelin and leptin involved in food intake and body mass index in maintenance hemodialysis? J Ren Nutr 2010; 20: 151-157.
54. Mak RH, Cheung W. Adipokines and gut hormones in end-stage renal disease. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27(Suppl 2): S298-S302. (Pubitemid 350047718)
55. Ashby DR, Ford HE, Wynne KJ et al. Sustained appetite improvement in malnourished dialysis patients by daily ghrelin treatment. Kidney Int 2009; 76: 199-206.
56. Cheung W, Yu PX, Little BM et al. Role of leptin and melanocortin signaling in uremia-associated cachexia. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 1659-1665. (Pubitemid 40814675)
57. Cheung WW, Kuo HJ, Markison S et al. Peripheral administration of the melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist NBI-12i ameliorates uremiaassociated cachexia in mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 2517-2524. (Pubitemid 47378868)
58. Mehls O, Ritz E, Hunziker EB et al. Improvement of growth and food utilization by human recombinant growth hormone in uremia. Kidney Int 1988; 33: 45-52. (Pubitemid 18059653)
59. Hazel SJ, Gillespie CM, Moore RJ et al. Enhanced body growth in uremic rats treated with IGF-I and growth hormone in combination. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 58-68. (Pubitemid 24210436)
60. Guebre-Egziabher F, Juillard L, Boirie Y et al. Short-term administration of a combination of recombinant growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I induces anabolism in maintenance hemodialysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 2299-2305.
61. Noori N, Kopple JD, Kovesdy CP et al. Mid-arm muscle circumference and quality of life and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5: 2258-2268.
62. Mak RH, Cheung WW, Roberts Jr CT. The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in chronic kidney disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18: 17-25. (Pubitemid 351228810)
63. Fouque D, Peng SC, Kopple JD. Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 1995; 47: 869-875.
64. Fouque D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 resistance in chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996; 22: 133-137. (Pubitemid 126448823)
65. Feldt-Rasmussen B, Lange M, Sulowicz W et al. Growth hormone treatment during hemodialysis in a randomized trial improves nutrition, quality of life, and cardiovascular risk. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 2161-2171. (Pubitemid 47041081)
66. Fouque D, Peng SC, Shamir E et al. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 induces an anabolic response in malnourished CAPD patients. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 646-654. (Pubitemid 30430658)
67. Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Parini P et al. Low serum testosterone increases mortality risk among male dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 613-620.
68. Fouque D, Vennegoor M, ter Wee P et al. EBPG guideline on nutrition. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(Suppl 2): ii45-ii87.
69. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Boeschoten EW et al. Subjective global assessment of nutritional status is strongly associated with mortality in chronic dialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 787-793.
70. Blumenkrantz MJ, Kopple JD, Moran JK et al. Metabolic balance studies and dietary protein requirements in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 1982; 21: 849-861. (Pubitemid 12040047)
71. Slomowitz LA, Monteon FJ, Grosvenor M et al. Effect of energy intake on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1989; 35: 704-711. (Pubitemid 19051773)
72. Bergstrom J, Furst P, Alvestrand A et al. Protein and energy intake, nitrogen balance and nitrogen losses in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 1993; 44: 1048-1057. (Pubitemid 23316473)
73. Shinaberger CS, Kilpatrick RD, Regidor DL et al. Longitudinal associations between dietary protein intake and survival in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48: 37-49.
74. Ohkawa S, Kaizu Y, Odamaki M et al. Optimum dietary protein requirement in nondiabetic maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: 454-463. (Pubitemid 38298204)
75. Kloppenburg WD, Stegeman CA, Hovinga TK et al. Effect of prescribing a high protein diet and increasing the dose of dialysis on nutrition in stable chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 1212-1223. (Pubitemid 38628143)
76. Fouque D, Pelletier S, Guebre-Egziabher F. Have recommended protein and phosphate intake recently changed in maintenance hemodialysis? J Ren Nutr 2011; 21: 35-38.
77. Blumenkrantz MJ, Gahl GM, Kopple JD et al. Protein losses during peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 1981; 19: 593-602. (Pubitemid 11120906)
78. Westra WM, Kopple JD, Krediet RT et al. Dietary protein requirements and dialysate protein losses in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27: 192-195. (Pubitemid 46795875)
79. Paniagua R, Amato D, Vonesh E et al. Effects of increased peritoneal clearances on mortality rates in peritoneal dialysis: ADEMEX, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1307-1320. (Pubitemid 34441412)
80. Dombros N, Dratwa M, Feriani M et al. European best practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis. 8 Nutrition in peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20(Suppl 9): ix28-ix33.
81. Wright M, Jones C. Nutrition in CKD: clinical practice guidelines. UK Renal Association 2010. http://www.renal.org/Clinical/Guidelines Section/NutritionInCKD.aspx.
82. Shinaberger CS, Greenland S, Kopple JD et al. Is controlling phosphorus by decreasing dietary protein intake beneficial or harmful in persons with chronic kidney disease? Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 1511-1518.
83. Lynch KE, Lynch R, Curhan GC et al. The Association between Prescribed Dietary Phosphate Restriction and Mortality among Hemodialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6: 620-629.
84. Krieter DH, Canaud B. High permeability of dialysis membranes: what is the limit of albumin loss? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 651-654. (Pubitemid 36432243)
85. Locatelli F, Andrulli S, Pecchini F et al. Effect of high-flux dialysis on the anaemia of haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 1399-1409.
86. Beerenhout CH, Luik AJ, Jeuken-Mertens SG et al. Pre-dilution on-line haemofiltration vs low-flux haemodialysis: a randomized prospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 1155-1163. (Pubitemid 40862105)
87. Kulstad R, Schoeller DA. The energetics of wasting diseases. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10: 488-493. (Pubitemid 46934119)
88. Mafra D, Deleaval P, Teta D et al. New measurements of energy expenditure and physical activity in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2009; 19: 16-19.
89. Cuppari L, de Carvalho AB, Avesani CM et al. Increased resting energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2933-2939. (Pubitemid 41109924)
90. Avesani CM, Draibe SA, Kamimura MA et al. Resting energy expenditure of chronic kidney disease patients: influence of renal function and subclinical inflammation. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44: 1008-1016. (Pubitemid 39556480)
91. O'Sullivan AJ, Lawson JA, Chan M et al. Body composition and energy metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: 369-375. (Pubitemid 34174261)
92. Ortega O, Rodriguez I, Gallar P et al. Significance of high C-reactive protein levels in pre-dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17: 1105-1109. (Pubitemid 34746216)
93. Mafra D, Deleaval P, Teta D et al. Influence of inflammation on total energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2011: doi:10.1053/j.jren.2010.09.006.
94. Majchrzak KM, Pupim LB, Chen K et al. Physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients: comparison of dialysis and nondialysis days. J Ren Nutr 2005; 15: 217-224.
95. Painter P, Johansen KL. Improving physical functioning: time to be a part of routine care. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48: 167-170.
96. Segura-Orti E, Johansen KL. Exercise in end-stage renal disease. Semin Dial 2010; 23: 422-430.
97. Kaysen GA, Rathore V, Shearer GC et al. Mechanisms of hypoalbuminemia in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1995; 48: 510-516.
98. Kaysen GA. Inflammation and oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp 2000; 30: 201-214.
99. Himmelfarb J, Stenvinkel P, Ikizler TA et al. The elephant in uremia: oxidant stress as a unifying concept of cardiovascular disease in uremia. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 1524-1538. (Pubitemid 35286260)
100. Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Lowe G et al. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet 2010; 375: 132-140.
101. Carriere I, Dupuy AM, Lacroux A et al. Biomarkers of inflammation and malnutrition associated with early death in healthy elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 840-846. (Pubitemid 351652410)
102. Kaysen GA, Chertow GM, Adhikarla R et al. Inflammation and dietary protein intake exert competing effects on serum albumin and creatinine in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2001; 60: 333-340. (Pubitemid 32587572)
103. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Axelsson J et al. Excess mortality due to interaction between protein-energy wasting, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 2957-2964.
104. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Indemans F et al. Association between serum albumin and mortality in dialysis patients is partly explained by inflammation, and not by malnutrition. J Ren Nutr 2009; 19: 127-135.
105. Stenvinkel P. Inflammation in end-stage renal failure: could it be treated? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17(Suppl 8): 33-38; discussion 40. (Pubitemid 34918877)
106. Pelletier S, Roth H, Bouchet JL et al. Mineral and bone disease pattern in elderly haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: 3062-3070.
107. Pecoits-Filho R, Barany P, Lindholm B et al. Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of mortality in patients starting dialysis treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17: 1684-1688. (Pubitemid 35012175)
108. Axelsson J, Rashid Qureshi A, Suliman ME et al. Truncal fat mass as a contributor to inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1222-1229. (Pubitemid 41350682)
109. Hellerstein MK, Meydani SN, Meydani M et al. Interleukin-1-induced anorexia in the rat. Influence of prostaglandins. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 228-235. (Pubitemid 19170114)
110. Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Mysliwiec M. Visfatin and endothelial function in dialyzed patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2010; 15: 190-196.
111. Carrero JJ, Witasp A, Stenvinkel P et al. Visfatin is increased in chronic kidney disease patients with poor appetite and correlates negatively with fasting serum amino acids and triglyceride levels. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: 901-906.
112. Avesani C, Carrero J, Axelsson J et al. Inflammation and wasting in chronic kidney disease: partners in crime. Kidney Int 2006; 70: S8-S13. (Pubitemid 44764120)
113. Fouque D, McKenzie J, de Mutsert R et al. Use of a renal-specific oral supplement by haemodialysis patients with low protein intake does not increase the need for phosphate binders and may prevent a decline in nutritional status and quality of life. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 2902-2910.
114. Cano NJ, Fouque D, Roth H et al. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition does not improve survival in malnourished hemodialysis patients: a 2-year multicenter, prospective, randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 2583-2591. (Pubitemid 47378875)
115. Leon JB, Majerle AD, Soinski JA et al. Can a nutrition intervention improve albumin levels among hemodialysis patients? A pilot study. J Ren Nutr 2001; 11: 9-15. (Pubitemid 33602023)
116. Uribarri J, Peppa M, Cai W et al. Dietary glycotoxins correlate with circulating advanced glycation end product levels in renal failure patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42: 532-538. (Pubitemid 37048129)
117. Vlassara H, Cai W, Crandall J et al. Inflammatory mediators are induced by dietary glycotoxins, a major risk factor for diabetic angiopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 15596-15601. (Pubitemid 35403978)
118. Uribarri J, Peppa M, Cai W et al. Restriction of dietary glycotoxins reduces excessive advanced glycation end products in renal failure patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 728-731. (Pubitemid 36246017)
119. Albanese E, Dangour AD, Uauy R et al. Dietary fish and meat intake and dementia in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 392-400.
120. Buil-Cosiales P, Irimia P, Berrade N et al. Carotid intima-media thickness is inversely associated with olive oil consumption. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196: 742-748.
121. Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D et al. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 1-11. (Pubitemid 46780599)