The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in chronic kidney disease

Growth Hormone and IGF Research

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 17-25

  Mak, Robert H ^a   Cheung, Wai W ^a   Roberts Jr , Charles T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Ghrelin; Growth hormone; Insulin like growth factors; Myostatin; Suppressor of cytokine signaling

Indexed keywords

GHRELIN; GROWTH HORMONE; MYOSTATIN; SOMATOMEDIN C; SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING;

BODY COMPOSITION; BODY GROWTH; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; GROWTH RETARDATION; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MUSCLE MASS; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WASTING SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; CHRONIC DISEASE; GHRELIN; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; KIDNEY DISEASES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING PROTEINS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 38949124505     PISSN: 10966374     EISSN: 15322238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. R.H. Mak, Chronic kidney disease in children: state of the art, Pediatr. Nephrol. (2006) EPUB Nov 4.
2. Kaskel F. Chronic renal disease: a growing problem. Kidney Int. 64 (2003) 1141-1151
3. Tonshoff B., Blum W.F., and Mehls O. Derangements of the somatotropic hormone axis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. S58 (1997) S106-S113
4. Wuhl E., and Schaefer F. Effects of growth hormone in patients with chronic renal failure: experience in children and adults. Horm. Res. 3 (2002) 35-38
5. Mak R.H., and Pak Y. End-organ resistance to growth hormone and IGF-I in epiphyseal chondrocytes of uremic rats. Kidney Int. 50 (1996) 400-406
6. Ding H., Gao X.L., Hirschberg R., Vadgama J.V., and Kopple J.D. Impaired actions of insulin-like growth factor I on protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle of rats with chronic renal failure, Evidence for a postreceptor defect. J. Clin. Invest. 97 (1996) 1064-1075
7. Mak R.H., Cheung W., Cone R.D., and Marks D.L. Leptin and inflammation-associated cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 69 (2006) 794-797
8. Mak R.H., Cheung W., Cone R.D., and Marks D.L. Orexigenic and anorexigenic mechanisms in the control of nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 20 (2005) 427-431
9. Mak R.H., Cheung W., Cone R.D., and Marks D.L. Energy homeostasis and cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 21 (2006) 1807-1814
10. Mak R.H., Cheung W., and Purnell J. Ghrelin in chronic kidney disease: too much or too little. Perit. Dial. Int. 27 (2007) 51-55
11. Mak R.H., and Rotwein P. Myostatin and insulin-like growth factors in uremic sarcopenia: the yin and yang in muscle mass regulation. Kidney Int. 70 (2006) 410-412
12. Feld S., and Hirschberg R. Growth hormone, the insulin-like growth factor system and the kidney. Endocrinol. Rev. 17 (1996) 423-477
13. Salmon Jr. W.D., and Daughaday W.H. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 49 (1957) 825-836
14. Klapper D.G., Svoboda M.E., and van Wyk J.J. Sequence analysis of somatomedin-C: confirmation of identity with insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocrinology 112 (1983) 2215-2217
15. Pilecka I., Whatmore A., van Huijsduijnen R.H., Destenaves B., and Clayton P. Growth hormone signaling: sprouting links between pathways, human genetics and therapeutic options. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 18 (2007) 12-18
16. LeRoith D., Werner H., Beitner-Johnson D., and Roberts Jr. C.T. Molecular and cellular aspects of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Endocr. Rev. 16 (1995) 143-163
17. Liu J.L., and LeRoith D. Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for postnatal growth in response to growth hormone. Endocrinology 140 (1999) 5178-7184
18. Snell G.D. Dward, A new mendelian recessive character of the house mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 15 (1929) 733-734
19. Sornson M.W., Wu W., Dasen J.S., Flynn S.E., Norman D.J., O'Connell S.M., Gukovsky I., Carrière C., Ryan A.K., Miller A.P., Zuo L., Gleiberman A.S., Andersen B., Beamer W.G., and Rosenfeld M.G. Pituitary lineage determination by the Prophet of Pit-1 homeodomain factor defective in Ames dwarfism. Nature 385 (1996) 327-333
20. Liu J.L., Coschigano K.T., Robertson K., Lipsett M., Guo Y., Kopchick J.J., Kumar U., and Liu Y.L. Disruption of growth hormone receptor gene causes diminished pancreatic islet size and increased insulin sensitivity in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287 (2004) E405-E413
21. Coschigano K.T., Holland A.N., Riders M.E., List E.O., Flyvbjerg A., and Kopchick J.J. Deletion, but not antagonism, of the mouse growth hormone receptor results in severely decreased body weights, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I levels and increased life span. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 3799-3810
22. Palmiter R.D., Brinster R.L., Hammer R.E., Trumbauer M.E., Rosenfeld M.G., Bimberg N.C., and Evans R.M. Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. Nature 300 (1982) 611-615
23. Palmiter R.D., Norstedt G., Gelinas R.E., Hammer R.E., and Brinster R.L. Metallothionein-human GH fusion genes stimulate growth of mice. Science 222 (1983) 809-814
24. Liu J.P., Baker J., Perkins A.S., Robertson E.J., and Efstratiadis A. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r). Cell 75 (1993) 59-72
25. DeChiara T.M., Efstratiadis A., and Robertson E.J. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 345 (1990) 78-90
26. Woods K.A., Camacho-Hubner C., Savage M.O., and Clark A.J. Intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth failure associated with deletion of the insulin-like growth factor I gene. N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (1996) 1363-1367
27. Doi T., Striker L.J., Gibson C.C., Agodoa L.Y.C., Brinster R.L., and Striker G.E. Glomerular lesions in mice transgenic for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. I. Relationship between increased glomerular size and mesangial sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 137 (1990) 541-552
28. Mathews L.S., Hammer R.E., Behringer R.R., D'Ecole A.J., Bell G.I., Brinster R.L., and Palmiter R.D. Growth enhancement of transgenic mice expressing human insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 123 (1988) 2827-2833
29. Quaife C.J., Mathews L.S., Pinkert C.A., Hammer R.E., Brinster R.L., and Palmiter R.D. Histopathology associated with elevated levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 124 (1989) 40-48
30. Wolf E., Kramer R., Blum W.F., Foll J., and Brem G. Consequences of postnatally elevated insulin-like growth factor-II in transgenic mice: endocrine changes and effects on body and organ growth. Endocrinology 135 (1994) 1877-1886
31. Blackburn A., Schmitt A., Schmidt P., Wanke R., Hermanns W., Brem G., and Wolf E. Actions and interactions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-II: body and organ growth of transgenic mice. Transgenic Res. 6 (1997) 213-222
32. Coleman M.E., DeMayo F., Yin K.C., Lee H.M., Geske R., Montgomery C., and Schwartz R.J. Myogenic vector expression of insulin-like growth factor I stimulates muscle cell differentiation and myofiber hypertrophy in transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 12109-12116
33. Rogler C.E., Yang D., Rossetti L., Donohoe J., Alt E., Chang C.J., Rosenfeld R., Neely K., and Hintz R. Altered body composition and increased frequency of diverse malignancies in insulin-like growth factor-II transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 13779-13784
34. Ward A., Bates P., Fisher R., Richardson L., and Graham C.F. Disproportionate growth in mice with Igf-2 transgenes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 10365-10369
35. Feneberg R., Schaefer F., and Veldhuis J.D. Neuroendocrine adaptations in renal disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 18 (2003) 492-497
36. Schaefer F., Veldhuis J.D., Stanhope R., Jones J., and Scharer K. Alterations in growth hormone secretion and clearance in peripubertal boys with chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation. Cooperative Study Group of Pubertal development in Chronic Renal Failure. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78 (1994) 1298-1306
37. Tonshoff B., Veldhuis J.D., Heinrich U., and Mehls O. Deconvolution analysis of spontaneous nocturnal growth hormone secretion in prepubertal children with preterminal chronic renal failure and with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr. Res. 37 (1995) 86-93
38. Veldhuis J.D., Iranmanesh A., Wilkowski M.J., and Samojlik E. Neuroendocrine alterations in the somatotropic and lactotropic axes in uremic men. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 131 (1994) 489-498
39. Ramirez G., Bercu B.B., Bittle P.A., Ayers C.W., and Ganguly A. Response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in adult renal failure patients on hemodialysis. Metabolism 39 (1990) 764-768
40. Garcia E., Santos F., Rodriguez J., Martinez V., Rey C., Veldhuis J., and Krieg R.J. Impaired secretion of growth hormone in experimental uremia: relevance of caloric deficiency. Kidney Int. 52 (1997) 648-653
41. Metzger D.L., Kerrigan J.R., Krieg R.J., Chan J.C., and Rogol A.D. Alterations in the neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion in the uremic rat. Kidney Int. 43 (1993) 1042-1048
42. Haffner D., Schaefer F., Girard J., Ritz E., and Mehls O. Metabolic clearance of recombinant human growth hormone in health and chronic renal failure. J. Clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 1163-1171
43. Blum W.F. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins in chronic renal failure: evidence for reduced secretion of IGFs. Acta. Paediatr. Scand. S379 (1991) 24-31
44. Fouque D., Peng S.C., and Kopple J.D. Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 47 (1995) 869-875
45. Rabkin R., Fervenza F.C., Maidment H., Ike J., Hintz R., Liu F., Bloedow D.C., Hoffman A.R., and Gesundheit N. Pharmacokinetics of insulin-like growth factor-1 in advanced chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 49 (1996) 1134-1140
46. Tonshoff B., Powell D.R., Zhao D., Durham S.K., Coleman M.E., Domene H.M., Blum W.F., Baxter R.C., Moore L.C., and Kaskel F.J. Decreased hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and increased IGF binding protein-1 and -2 gene expression in experimental uremia. Endocrinology 138 (1997) 938-946
47. Hanna J.D., Santos F., Foreman J.W., Chan J.C., and Han V.K. Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in the tibial epiphyseal growth plate of growth hormone-treated uremic rats. Kidney Int. 47 (1995) 1374-1382
48. Schaefer F., Chen Y., Tsao T., Nouri P., and Rabkin R. Impaired JAK-STAT signal transduction contributes to growth hormone resistance in chronic uremia. J. Clin. Invest. 108 (2001) 467-475
49. Sun D., Zheng Z., Tummala P., Oh J., Schaefer F., and Rabkin R. Chronic uremia attenuates growth hormone induced signal transduction in skeletal muscle. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15 (2004) 2630-2636
50. Woefle J., Billiard J., and Rotwein P. Acute control of insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by growth hormone through STAT5b. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 22696-22702
51. Woefle J., and Rotwein P. In vivo regulation of growth-hormone stimulated gene transcription by STAT5b. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286 (2003) E393-E401
52. Tonshoff B., Blum W.F., Wingen A.M., and Mehls O. Serum insulin-like growth factors and IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 in children with chronic renal failure: relationship to height and glomerular filtration rate. The European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 (1995) 2684-2691
53. Ulinski T., Mohan S., Kiepe D., Blum W.F., Wingen A.M., Mehls O., and Tönshoff B. Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5 in children with chronic renal failure: relationship to growth and glomerular filtration rate. The European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. German Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment in Chronic Renal Failure. Pediatr. Nephrol. 14 (2000) 589-597
54. Powell D.R., Liu F., Baker B.K., Hintz R.L., Durham S.K., Brewer E.D., Frane J.W., Tonshoff B., Mehls O., Wingen A.M., Watkins S.L., Hogg R.J., and Lee P.D. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 levels are elevated in serum of children with chronic renal failure: a report of the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (1997) 2978-2984
55. Powell D.R., Liu F., Baker B.K., Hintz R.L., Kale A., Suwanichkul A., and Durham S.K. Effect of chronic renal failure and growth hormone therapy on the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. Pediatr. Nephrol. 14 (2000) 579-583
56. Mak R.H., Chang S.L., and Pak Y.K. Growth impairment of primary chondrocyte cells by serum of rats with chronic renal failure. Exp. Mol. Med. 36 (2004) 243-250
57. Mak R.H., and Pak Y.K. End-organ resistance to growth hormone and IGF-I in epiphyseal chondrocytes of uremic rats. Kidney Int. 50 (1996) 400-406
58. Tonshoff B., Eden S., Weiser E., Carlsson B., Robinson I.C., Blum W.F., and Mehls O. Reduced hepatic growth hormone (GH) receptor gene expression and increased plasma GH binding protein in experimental uremia. Kidney Int. 45 (1994) 1085-1092
59. Edmondson S.R., Baker N.L., Oh J., Kovacs G., Werther G.A., and Mehls O. Growth hormone receptor abundance in tibial growth plates of uremic rats: GH/IGF-I treatment. Kidney Int. 58 (2000) 62-70
60. Ding H., Gao X.L., Hirschberg R., Vadgama J.V., and Kopple J.D. Impaired actions of insulin-like growth factor I on protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle of rats with chronic renal failure. Evidence for a postreceptor defect. J. Clin. Invest. 97 (1996) 1064-1075
61. Tsao T., Fervenza F., Friedlaender M., Chen Y., and Rabkin R. Effect of prolonged uremia on insulin-like growth factor-I receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in kidney and muscle. Exp. Nephrol. 10 (2002) 285-292
62. Kojima M., Hosoda H., Date Y., Nakazato M., Matsuo H., and Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402 (1999) 656-660
63. Kojima M., and Kangawa K. Ghrelin: structure and function. Physiol. Rev. 85 (2005) 495-522
64. Arvat E., Di Vito L., Broglio F., Papotti M., Muccioli G., Dieguez C., Casanueva F.F., Deghenghi R., Camanni F., and Ghigo E. Preliminary evidence that ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptor ligand, strongly stimulates GH secretion in humans. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 23 (2000) 493-495
65. Wynne K., Giannitsopoulou K., Small C.J., Patterson M., Frost G., Ghatei M.A., Brown E.A., Bloom S.R., and Choi P. Subcutaneous ghrelin enhances acute food intake in malnourished patients who receive maintenance peritoneal dialysis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16 (2005) 2111-2118
66. Theander-Carrillo C., Wiedmer P., Cettour-Rose P., Nogueiras R., Perez-Tilve D., Pfluger P., Castaneda T.R., Muzzin P., Schurmann A., Szanto I., Tschop M.H., and Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 116 (2006) 1983-1993
67. Lee S.J. Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 20 (2004) 61-86
68. Kuninger D.T., and Rotwein P.S. IGF action and skeletal muscle. In: LeRoith D., Zumkeller W., and Baxter R. (Eds). Insulin-like Growth Factors Landes Bioscience (2003), Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York 35-243
69. Sun D.F., Chen Y., and Rabkin R. Work-induced changes in skeletal muscle IGF-I and myostatin gene expression in uremia. Kidney Int. 70 (2006) 453-459
70. W. Cheung, R.H. Mak, Melanocortin signaling modulation ameliorates cachexia in chronic kidney disease: peripheral mechanism, Kidney Int. (submitted).
71. Fleenor D., Arumugam R., and Freemark M. Growth hormone and prolactin receptors in adipogenesis: STAT activation, suppressors of cytokine signaling, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor I. Horm. Res. 66 (2006) 101-110
72. Greenhalgh C.J., Bertolino P., Asa S.L., Metcalf D., Corbin J.E., Adams T.E., Davey H.W., Nicola N.A., Hilton D.J., and Alexander W.S. Growth enhancement in suppressor of cytokine 2 (SOCS-2)-deficient mice is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b). Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (2002) 1394-1406
73. Rabkin R., Sun D.F., Chen Y., Tan J., and Schaefer F. Growth hormone resistance in uremia, a role for impaired JAK/STAT signaling. Pediatr. Nephrol. 20 (2005) 313-318
74. R.H. Mak, W.W. Cheung, Transforming growth factors and insulin-like growth factors in chronic kidney disease, J. Organ Dysfunct. (in press).
75. Goya R.G., Castelleto L., and Sosa Y.E. Plasma levels of growth hormone correlate with the severity of pathologic changes in the renal structure of aging rats. Lab. Invest. 64 (1991) 29-34
76. Trachtman H., Futterweit S., Schwob N., Maesaka J., and Vladerrama E. Recombinant growth hormone excerbates chronic puromycin aminoglycoside nephropathy in rats. Kidney Int. 44 (1993) 1281-1288
77. Doi T., Striker L.J., Kimata K., Peten E.P., Yamada Y., and Striker G.E. Glomerulosclerosis in mice transgenic for growth hormone: Increased mesangial extracellular matrix is correlated with kidney mRNA levels. J. Exp. Med. 173 (1991) 1287-1290
78. Allen D.B., Fogo A., El-Hayek R., Langhough R., and Friedman A.L. Effects of prolonged growth hormone administration in rats with chronic renal insufficiency. Pediatr. Res. 31 (1992) 406-410
79. Yoshida H., Mitarai T., Kitamura M., Suzuki T., Ishikawa H., Fogo A., and Sakai O. The effect of selective growth hormone defect in the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Am. J. Kidney. Dis. 23 (1994) 302-312
80. Feld S.M., Hirschberg R., Artishevsky A., Nast C., and Alder S.G. Insulin-like growth factor-I induces mesangial proliferation and increases mRNA and secretion of collagen. Kidney Int. 48 (1995) 45-51
81. Haylor J., Johnson T., and El-Nahas M. Renal matrix protein mRNA elevated by insulin-like growth factor-I. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6 (1995) 896 (abstract)
82. Hirschberg R., and Nast C. Glomerular hypertrophy and segmental glomerular sclerosis are not linked to subtotally nephrectomized rats. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3 (1992) 739 (abstract)
83. Mehls O., Irzynjec T., Ritz E., Eden S., Kovacs G., Klaus G., Floege J., and Mall G. Effects of rhGH and rhIGF-I on renal growth and morphology. Kidney Int. 44 (1993) 1251-1258