Materials for bone graft substitutes and osseous tissue regeneration

Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review of the Past and Future Trends

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 343-362

  Nicoll, Steven B ^a  

^a City College of New York   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone; Ceramic; Collagen; Composite; Hydroxyapatite; Polymer

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052027086     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0385-2_12     Document Type: Chapter

References (97)

1. Baron R. Anatomy and ultrastructure of bone. In: Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. Lippencott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 1999. p. 3-10.
2. Boskey AL. The organic and inorganic matrices. In: Hollinger JO, Einhorn TA, Doll B, Sfeir C, editors. Bone Tissue Engineering. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2005. p. 91-123.
3. Gehron Robey P, Bianco P, Termine JD. The cellular and biology and molecular biochemistry of bone formation. In: Coe FL, Favus MJ, editors. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Raven Press: New York, NY, 1992.
4. Lian JB, Stein GS, Canalis E, Gehron Robey P, Boskey AL. Bone formation: Osteoblast lineage cells, growth factors, matrix proteins, and the mineralization process. In: Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. Lippencott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 1999. p. 14-29.
5. Boskey AL. Variations in bone mineral properties with age and disease. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2002;2:532-534.
6. Boskey A. Bone mineral crystal size. Osteoporos Int 2003;14:16-21.
7. Aubin JE. Advances in the osteoblast lineage. Biochem Cell Biol 1998;76:899-910.
8. Weiner S, Traub W. Organization of hydroxyapatite crystals within collagen fibrils. FEBS Lett 1986;206:262-266.
9. Weiner S, Traub W. Crystal size and organization in bone. Connect Tissue Res 1989;21:589-595.
10. Rho JY, Kuhn-Spearing L, Zioupos P. Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Med Eng Phys 1998;20:92-102.
11. Weiner S, Wagner HD. The material bone: structure mechanical function relations. Annu Rev Mater Sci 1998;28:271-298.
12. Hench LL, Wilson J. Introduction. In: Hench LL, Wilson JW, editors. Introduction to Bioceramics. World Scientific: Singapore, 1993. p. 1-24.
13. Einhorn TA, Lee CA. Bone regeneration: new findings and potential clinical applications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:157-165.
14. Weiss LE. Web watch. Tissue Eng 2002;8:167.
15. Khan SF, Cammissa FP, Sandhu HS, Diwan AD, Girardi FP, Lane JM. The biology of bone grafting. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2005;13:77-86.
16. Fowler BL, Dall BE, Rowe DE. Complications associated with harvesting autogeneous iliac bone graft. Am J Orthop 1995;24:895-903.
17. Goulet J, Senunas L, DeSilva G, Greenfield M. Autogenous iliac crest bone graft: complications and functional assessment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;339:76-81.
18. Vaccaro A. The role of the osteoconductive scaffold in synthetic bone graft. Orthopedics 2002;25(5 Suppl):s571-s578.
19. Jones JR, Ehrenfried LM, Hench LL. Optimising bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006;27:964-973.
20. Hutmacher DW, Schantz JT, Lam CX, Tan KC, Lim TC. State of the art and future directions of scaffold-based bone engineering from a biomaterials perspective. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2007;1:245-260.
21. Rihn JA, Kirkpatrick K, Albert TJ. Graft options in posterolateral and posterior interbody lumbar fusion. Spine 2010;35:1629-1639.
22. Pacaccio DJ, Stern SF. Demineralized bone matrix: basic science and clinical applications. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2005;22:599-606
23. Bae HW, Zhao L, Kanim LE, et al. Intervariability and intravariability of bone morphogenetic proteins in commercially available demineralized bone matrix products. Spine 2006;31:1299-1306; discussion 1307-1308.
24. Hee CK, Jonikas MA, Nicoll SB. Influence of three-dimensional scaffold on the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers by human dermal fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2006;27:875-884.
25. LeGeros RZ. Calcium phosphate-based osteoinductive materials. Chem Rev 2008;108:4742-4753.
26. LeGeros RZ. Properties of osteoconductive biomaterials: calcium phosphates. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;395:81-98.
27. LeGeros RZ. Biodegradation and bioresorption of calcium phosphate ceramics. Clin Mater 1993;14:65-88.
28. Nagano M, Nakamura T, Kokubo T, Tanahashi M, Ogawa M. Differences of bone bonding ability and degradation behavior in vivo between amorphous calcium phosphate and highly crystalline hydroxylapatite coating. Biomaterials 1996;17:1771-1777.
29. Venugopal J, Prabhakaran MP, Zhang Y, Low S, Choon AT, Ramakrishna S. Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-containing composite nanofibrous substrates for bone tissue engineering. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci 2010;368:2065-2081.
30. Dormer KJ, Bryce GE, Hough JV. Selection of biomaterials for middle and inner ear implants. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1995;28:17-27.
31. Szpalski M, Gunzburg R. Applications of calcium phosphate-based cancellous bone void fillers in trauma surgery. Orthopedics 2002;25(5 Suppl):s601-s609.
32. Hench LL, Wilson J. Surface-active biomaterials. Science 1984;226:630-636.
33. Hench LL, Splinter RJ, Allen WC, Greenlee TK. Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. J Biomed Mater Res 1971;2:117-141.
34. Hench LL. Bioceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1998;81:1705-1728.
35. Matsuda T, Davies JE. The in vitro response of osteoblasts to bioactive glass. Biomaterials 1987;8:275-284.
36. Ducheyne P, Qiu Q. Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function. Biomaterials 1999;20:2287-2303.
37. Xynos D, Edgar AJ, Buttery LDK, Hench LL, Polak JM. Gene-expression profiling of human osteoblasts following treatment with the ionic products of Bioglass 45S5 dissolution. J Biomed Mater Res 2001;55:151-157.
38. Ramshaw JA, Peng YY, Glattauer V, Werkmeister JA. Collagens as biomaterials. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009;20(Suppl 1):3S3-S8.
39. DeLustro F, Dasch J, Keefe J, Ellingsworth L. Immune responses to allogeneic and xenogeneic implants of collagen and collagen derivatives. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;260:263-279.
40. Behravesh E, Yasko AW, Engel PS, Mikos AG. Synthetic biodegradable polymers for orthopaedic applications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;367(Suppl):S118-S129.
41. Liu X, Ma PX. Polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2004;32:477-486.
42. Karp JM, Shoichet MS, Davies JE. Bone formation on two-dimensional poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) films and three-dimensional PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003;64:388-396.
43. Ma PX, Choi JW. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds with well-defined interconnected spherical pore network. Tissue Eng 2001;7:23-33.
44. Whitesides GM, Boncheva M. Beyond molecules: self-assembly of mesoscopic and macroscopic components. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:4769-4774.
45. Whitesides GM, Grzybowski B. Self-assembly at all scales. Science 2002;295:2418-2421.
46. Seipke G, Arfmann HA, Wagner KG. Synthesis and properties of alternating poly (Lys-Phe) and comparison with the random copolymer poly (Lys 51, Phe 49). Biopolymers 1974;13:1621-1633.
47. Brack A, Orgel LE. Beta structures of alternating polypeptides and their possible prebiotic significance. Nature 1975;256:383-387.
48. Semino CE. Self-assembling peptides: from bio-inspired materials to bone regeneration. J Dent Res 2008;87:606-616.
49. Caplan MR, Schwartzfarb EM, Zhang S, Kamm RD, Lauffenburger DA. Control of selfassembling oligopeptide matrix formation through systematic variation of amino acid sequence. Biomaterials 2002;23:219-227.
50. Zhang S, Holmes T, Lockshin C, Rich A. Spontaneous assembly of a self-complementary oligopeptide to form a stable macroscopic membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:3334-3338.
51. Zhao X, Zhang S. Fabrication of molecular materials using peptide construction motifs. Trends Biotechnol 2004;22:470-476.
52. Hamada K, Hirose M, Yamashita T, Ohgushi H. Spatial distribution of mineralized bone matrix produced by marrow mesenchymal stem cells in self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008;84:128-136.
53. Misawa H, Kobayashi N, Soto-Gutierrez A, Chen Y, Yoshida A, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Navarro-Alvarez N, Tanaka K, Miki A, Takei J, Ueda T, Tanaka M, Endo H, Tanaka N, Ozaki T. PuraMatrix facilitates bone regeneration in bone defects of calvaria in mice. Cell Transplant 2006;15:903-910.
54. Horii A, Wang X, Gelain F, Zhang S. Biological designer self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds significantly enhance osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and 3-D migration. PLoS One 2007;2:e190.
55. Hartgerink JD, Beniash E, Stupp SI. Self-assembly and mineralization of peptide-amphiphile nanofibers. Science 2001;294:1684-1688.
56. Hartgerink JD, Beniash E, Stupp SI. Peptide-amphiphile nanofibers: a versatile scaffold for the preparation of self-assembling materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:5133-5138.
57. Mata A, Geng Y, Henrikson KJ, Aparicio C, Stock SR, Satcher RL, Stupp SI. Bone regeneration mediated by biomimetic mineralization of a nanofiber matrix. Biomaterials 2010;31:6004-6012.
58. Chun AL, Moralez JG, Webster TJ, Fenniri H. Helical rosette nanotubes: a biomimetic coating for orthopedics. Biomaterials 2005;26:7304-7309.
59. Fenniri H, Mathivanan P, Vidale KL, Sherman DM, Hallenga K, Wood KV, Stowell JG. Helical rosette nanotubes: design, self-assembly and characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2001;123:3854-3855.
60. Zhang L, Chen Y, Rodriguez J, Fenniri H, Webster TJ. Biomimetic helical rosette nanotubes and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium for improving orthopedic implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2008;3:323-333
61. Zhang L, Ramsaywack S, Fenniri H, Webster TJ. Enhanced osteoblast adhesion on selfassembled nanostructured hydrogel scaffolds. Tissue Eng 2008;14:1353-1364.
62. Zhang L, Rakotondradany F, Myles AJ, Fenniri H, Webster TJ. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid modified rosette nanotube-hydrogel composites for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009;30:1309-1320.
63. Rogel MR, Qiu H, Ameer GA. The role of nanocomposites in bone regeneration. J Mater Chem 2008;18:4233-4241.
64. Wahl DA, Czernuszka JT. Collagen-hydroxyapatite composites for hard tissue repair. Eur Cell Mater 2006;11:43-56.
65. Du C, Cui FZ, Zhu XD, de Groot K. Three-dimensional nano-HAp/collagen matrix loading with osteogenic cells in organ culture. J Biomed Mater Res 1999;44:407-415.
66. Venugopal J, Low S, Choon AT, Sampath Kumar TS, Ramakrishna S. Mineralization of osteoblasts with electrospun collagen/hydroxyapatite nanofibers. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008;19:2039-2046.
67. Liao SS, Cui FZ, Zhang W, Feng QL. Hierarchically biomimetic bone scaffold materials: nano-HA/collagen/PLA composite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2004;69:158-165.
68. Venugopal J, Low S, Choon AT, Kumar AB, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun-modified nanofibrous scaffolds for the mineralization of osteoblast cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008;85:408-417.
69. Li S, Vert M. Biodegradable polymers: polyesters. In: Mathiowitz E, editor. Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery. Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 1999. p. 71-93.
70. Baker BM, Gee AO, Metter RB, Nathan AS, Marklein RA, Burdick JA, Mauck RL. The potential to improve cell infiltration in composite fiber-aligned electrospun scaffolds by the selective removal of sacrificial fibers. Biomaterials 2008;29:2348-2358.
71. Jin HJ, Fridrikh SV, Rutledge GC, Kaplan DL. Electrospinning Bombyx mori silk with poly (ethylene oxide). Biomacromolecules 2002;3:1233-1239.
72. Altman GH, Diaz F, Jakuba C, Calabro T, Horan RL, Chen J, Lu H, Richmond J, Kaplan DL. Silk-based biomaterials. Biomaterials 2003;24:401-416.
73. Horan RL, Antle K, Collette AL, Wang Y, Huang J, Moreau JE, Volloch V, Kaplan DL, Altman GH. In vitro degradation of silk fibroin. Biomaterials 2005;26:3385-3393.
74. Gosline JM, Guerette PA, Ortlepp CS, Savage KN. The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function. J Exp Biol 1999;202:3295-3303.
75. Li C, Jin HJ, Botsaris GD, Kaplan DL. Silk apatite composites from electrospun fibers. J Mater Res 2005;20:3374-3384
76. Kim HJ, Kim UJ, Kim HS, Li C, Wada M, Leisk GG, Kaplan DL. Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds. Bone 2008;42:1226-1234.
77. Singla AK, Chawla M. Chitosan: some pharmaceutical and biological aspects -an update. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1047-1067.
78. Zhang Y, Venugopal JR, El-Turki A, Ramakrishna S, Su B, Lim CT. Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008;29:4314-4322.
79. Khan YM, Katti DS, Laurencin CT. Novel polymer-synthesized ceramic composite-based system for bone repair: an in vitro evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004;69:728-737.
80. Lu HH, El-Amin SF, Scott KD, Laurencin CT. Three-dimensional, bioactive, biodegradable, polymer-bioactive glass composite scaffolds with improved mechanical properties support collagen synthesis and mineralization of human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003;64:465-474.
81. Webster TJ, Ergun C, Doremus RH, Siegel RW, Bizios R. Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics. Biomaterials 2000;21:1803-1810.
82. Webster TJ, Ahn ES. Nanostructured biomaterials for tissue engineering bone. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2007;103:275-308.
83. Wei G, Ma PX. Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004;25:4749-4757.
84. McManus AJ, Doremus RH, Siegel RW, Bizios R. Evaluation of cytocompatibility and bending modulus of nanoceramic/polymer composites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005;72:98-106.
85. Keaveny TM, Hayes WC. Mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bone. Bone 1993;7:285-344.
86. Patlolla A, Collins G, Arinzeh TL. Solvent-dependent properties of electrospun fibrous composites for bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2010;6:90-101.
87. Hong Z, Zhang P, He C, Qiu X, Liu A, Chen L, Chen X, Jing X. Nano-composite of poly (L-lactide) and surface grafted hydroxyapatite: mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Biomaterials 2005;26:6296-6304.
88. Horch RA, Shahid N, Mistry AS, Timmer MD, Mikos AG, Barron AR. Nanoreinforcement of poly (propylene fumarate)-based networks with surface modified alumoxane nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 2004;5:1990-1998.
89. Mistry AS, Cheng SH, Yeh T, Christenson E, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. Fabrication and in vitro degradation of porous fumarate-based polymer/alumoxane nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009;89:68-79.
90. He S, Timmer MD, Yaszemski MJ, Yasko AW, Engel PS, Mikos AG. Synthesis of biodegradable poly (propylene fumarate) networks with poly (propylene fumarate) -diacrylate macromers as crosslinking agents and characterization of their degradation products. Polymer 2001;42:1251-1260.
91. Mistry AS, Pham QP, Schouten C, Yeh T, Christenson EM, Mikos AG, Jansen JA. In vivo bone biocompatibility and degradation of porous fumarate-based polymer/alumoxane nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010;92:451-462.
92. Shi X, Sitharaman B, Pham QP, Liang F, Wu K, Edward Billups W, Wilson LJ, Mikos AG. Fabrication of porous ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2007;28:4078-4090.
93. Jay SM, Saltzman WM. Controlled delivery of VEGF via modulation of alginate microparticle ionic crosslinking. J Control Release 2009;134:26-34.
94. Golub JS, Kim YT, Duvall CL, Bellamkonda RV, Gupta D, Lin AS, Weiss D, Robert Taylor W, Guldberg RE. Sustained VEGF delivery via PLGA nanoparticles promotes vascular growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010;298:H1959-H1965.
95. Ionescu LC, Lee GC, Sennett BJ, Burdick JA, Mauck RL. An anisotropic nanofiber/microsphere composite with controlled release of biomolecules for fibrous tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010;31:4113-4120.
96. Leslie-Barbick JE, Moon JJ, West JL. Covalently-immobilized vascular endothelial growth factor promotes endothelial cell tubulogenesis in poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2009;20:1763-1779.
97. Sefcik LS, Petrie Aronin CE, Wieghaus KA, Botchwey EA. Sustained release of sphingosine 1-phosphate for therapeutic arteriogenesis and bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008;29:2869-2877.