메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 500-510

Perspectives on current Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging of cancers of the colon and rectum

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MOLECULAR MARKER;

EID: 79960971821     PISSN: 00937754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.05.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (113)
  • 2
    • 0033866021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the colon and rectum, excluding carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas, and tumors of the vermiform appendix: A basis for checklists
    • Cancer Committee
    • Compton CC. Updated protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the colon and rectum, excluding carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas, and tumors of the vermiform appendix: a basis for checklists. Cancer Committee. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:1016-25.
    • (2000) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.124 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Compton, C.C.1
  • 4
    • 0036288122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of objective pathological prognostic determinants and models of prognosis in Dukes' B colon cancer
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.51.1.65
    • Petersen VC, Baxter KJ, Love SB, Shepherd NA. Identification of objective pathological prognostic determinants and models of prognosis in Dukes' B colon cancer. Gut. 2002;51:65-9. (Pubitemid 34717746)
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-69
    • Petersen, V.C.1    Baxter, K.J.2    Love, S.B.3    Shepherd, N.A.4
  • 6
    • 0035878611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNM classification: Clarification of number of regional lymph nodes for pNO
    • DOI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010715)92:2<452::AID-CNCR1342>3.0.CO;2-B
    • Sobin LH, Greene FL. TNM classification: clarification of number of regional lymph nodes for pNo. Cancer. 2001;92:452. (Pubitemid 32664454)
    • (2001) Cancer , vol.92 , Issue.2 , pp. 452
    • Sobin, L.H.1    Greene, F.L.2
  • 7
    • 0035906213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines 2000 for colon and rectal cancer surgery
    • Nelson H, Petrelli N, Carlin A, et al. Guidelines 2000 for colon and rectal cancer surgery. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:583-96.
    • (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.93 , pp. 583-596
    • Nelson, H.1    Petrelli, N.2    Carlin, A.3
  • 8
    • 0036158699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymph node recoveries from 2427 pT3 colorectal resection specimens spanning 45 years: Recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities
    • DOI 10.1097/00000478-200202000-00004
    • Goldstein NS. Lymph node recoveries from 2427 pT3 colorectal resection specimens spanning 45 years: recommendations for a minimum number of recovered lymph nodes based on predictive probabilities. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:179-89. (Pubitemid 34127497)
    • (2002) American Journal of Surgical Pathology , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-189
    • Goldstein, N.S.1
  • 9
    • 0031841282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For patients with Dukes' B (TNM stage II) colorectal carcinoma, examination of six or fewer lymph nodes is related to poor prognosis
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980815)83:4<666::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-I
    • Caplin S, Cerottini JP, Bosman FT, Constanda MT, Givel JC. For patients with Dukes' B (TNM Stage II) colorectal carcinoma, examination of six or fewer lymph nodes is related to poor prognosis. Cancer. 1998;83:666-72. (Pubitemid 28387688)
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 666-672
    • Caplin, S.1    Cerottini, J.-P.2    Bosman, F.T.3    Constanda, M.T.4    Givel, J.-C.5
  • 10
    • 0037266824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognosis of T3N0 colon cancer is dependent on the number of lymph nodes examined
    • Swanson RS, Compton CC, Stewart AK, Bland KI. The prognosis of T3N0 colon cancer is dependent on the number of lymph nodes examined. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:65-71.
    • (2003) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.10 , pp. 65-71
    • Swanson, R.S.1    Compton, C.C.2    Stewart, A.K.3    Bland, K.I.4
  • 11
    • 6944230093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging
    • DOI 10.1093/jnci/djh275
    • O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004; 96:1420-5. (Pubitemid 39429665)
    • (2004) Journal of the National Cancer Institute , vol.96 , Issue.19 , pp. 1420-1425
    • O'Connell, J.B.1    Maggard, M.A.2    Ko, C.Y.3
  • 13
    • 34547886523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathologist's role in rectal cancer patient assessments
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2007-984860
    • Willis JE. The pathologist's role in rectal cancer patient assessments. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007;20:158-66. (Pubitemid 47255101)
    • (2007) Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 158-166
    • Willis, J.E.1
  • 15
    • 77953228914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNM staging system of colorectal carcinoma: A critical appraisal of challenging issues
    • Puppa G, Sonzogni A, Colombari R, Pelosi G. TNM staging system of colorectal carcinoma: a critical appraisal of challenging issues. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:837-52.
    • (2010) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.134 , pp. 837-852
    • Puppa, G.1    Sonzogni, A.2    Colombari, R.3    Pelosi, G.4
  • 16
    • 54449091985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal carcinoma: Selected issues in pathologic examination and staging and determination of prognostic factors
    • Washington MK. Colorectal carcinoma: selected issues in pathologic examination and staging and determination of prognostic factors. Arch athol Lab Med. 2008; 132:1600-7.
    • (2008) Arch Athol Lab Med , vol.132 , pp. 1600-1607
    • Washington, M.K.1
  • 17
    • 34447509488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal tumour deposits in the mesorectum and pericolon; a critical review
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02720.x
    • Nagtegaal ID, Quirke P. Colorectal tumour deposits in the mesorectum and pericolon; a critical review. Histopathology. 2007;51:141-9. (Pubitemid 47083979)
    • (2007) Histopathology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-149
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Quirke, P.2
  • 18
    • 18544367800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinic opathological investigation of "tumor nodules" in colorectal cancer
    • Tateishi S, Arima S, Futami K, et al. A clinic opathological investigation of "tumor nodules" in colorectal cancer. Surg Today. 2005;35:377-84.
    • (2005) Surg Today , vol.35 , pp. 377-384
    • Tateishi, S.1    Arima, S.2    Futami, K.3
  • 19
    • 37449034258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of mesenteric tumor nodules in patients with stage III colorectal cancer
    • Lo DS, Pollett A, Siu LL, Gallinger S, Burkes RL. Prognostic significance of mesenteric tumor nodules in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2008; 112:50-4.
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.112 , pp. 50-54
    • Lo, D.S.1    Pollett, A.2    Siu, L.L.3    Gallinger, S.4    Burkes, R.L.5
  • 20
    • 0034657661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+M0 colon adenocarcinomas: Markers of reduced disease free survival and intra-abdominal metastases and their implications for TNM classification
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000515)88:10<2228::AID-CNCR5>3.0. CO;2-1
    • Goldstein NS, Turner JR. Pericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+MO colon adenocarcinomas: markers of reduced disease free survival and intra-abdominal metastases and their implications for TNM classification. Cancer. 2000;88:2228-38. (Pubitemid 30247121)
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , Issue.10 , pp. 2228-2238
    • Goldstein, N.S.1    Turner, J.R.2
  • 24
    • 21244462418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-year outcomes evaluation of mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum
    • DOI 10.1007/s10350-004-0932-1
    • Kang H, O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Sack J, Ko CY. A 10-year outcomes evaluation of mucinous and signetring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1161-8. (Pubitemid 40897859)
    • (2005) Diseases of the Colon and Rectum , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 1161-1168
    • Kang, H.1    O'Connell, J.B.2    Maggard, M.A.3    Sack, J.4    Ko, C.Y.5
  • 26
    • 0032792276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon: Clinicopathologic study of 11 cases
    • DOI 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90146-6
    • Jessurun J, Romero-Guadarrama M, Manivel JC. Medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon: clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:843-8. (Pubitemid 29325792)
    • (1999) Human Pathology , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 843-848
    • Jessurun, J.1    Romero-Guadarrama, M.2    Manivel, J.C.3
  • 27
    • 0033994492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological grade, mucinous differentiation and DNA ploidy in relation to prognosis in colorectal carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00826.x
    • Purdie CA, Piris J. Histopathological grade, mucinous differentiation and DNA ploidy in relation to prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2000;36: 121-6. (Pubitemid 30113973)
    • (2000) Histopathology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-126
    • Purdie, C.A.1    Piris, J.2
  • 28
    • 36749036704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer pathologic assessment techniques for colorectal carcinoma
    • Turner RR, Li C, Compton CC. Newer pathologic assessment techniques for colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:6871s-6s.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13
    • Turner, R.R.1    Li, C.2    Compton, C.C.3
  • 31
    • 0141656847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999
    • Compton CC, Fielding LP, Burgart LJ, et al. Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:979-94.
    • (2000) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.124 , pp. 979-994
    • Compton, C.C.1    Fielding, L.P.2    Burgart, L.J.3
  • 32
    • 0025939253 scopus 로고
    • Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma
    • Horn A, Dahl O, Morild I. Venous and neural invasion as predictors of recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:798-804.
    • (1991) Dis Colon Rectum. , vol.34 , pp. 798-804
    • Horn, A.1    Dahl, O.2    Morild, I.3
  • 33
    • 0032925597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic features associated with lymph node metastasis in stage T1 and superficial T2 rectal adenocarcinomas in abdominoperineal resection specimens: Identifying a subset of patients for whom treatment with adjuvant therapy or completion abdominoperineal resection should be considered after local excision
    • Goldstein NS, Hart J. Histologic features associated with lymph node metastasis in stage T1 and superficial T2 rectal adenocarcinomas in abdominoperineal resection specimens. Identifying a subset of patients for whom treatment with adjuvant therapy or completion abdominoperineal resection should be considered after local excision. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111:51-8. (Pubitemid 29024966)
    • (1999) American Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Goldstein, N.S.1    Hart, J.2
  • 34
    • 0026565479 scopus 로고
    • Variables correlated with the risk of lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancer
    • Brodsky JT, Richard GK, Cohen AM, Minsky BD. Variables correlated with the risk of lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancer. Cancer. 1992;69:322-6.
    • (1992) Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 322-326
    • Brodsky, J.T.1    Richard, G.K.2    Cohen, A.M.3    Minsky, B.D.4
  • 35
    • 58749103858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphovascular invasion in colorectal cancer: An interobserver variability study
    • Harris EI, Lewin DN, Wang HL, et al. Lymphovascular invasion in colorectal cancer: an interobserver variability study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:1816-21.
    • (2008) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 1816-1821
    • Harris, E.I.1    Lewin, D.N.2    Wang, H.L.3
  • 36
    • 0000271266 scopus 로고
    • Visceral metastasis from rectal carcinoma
    • Brown C, Warren S. Visceral metastasis from rectal carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1938;66:611-21.
    • (1938) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.66 , pp. 611-621
    • Brown, C.1    Warren, S.2
  • 37
    • 0023834936 scopus 로고
    • Potentially curative surgery of colon cancer: The influence of blood vessel invasion
    • Minsky BD, Mies C, Rich TA, Recht A, Chaffey JT. Potentially curative surgery of colon cancer: the influence of blood vessel invasion. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6: 119-27. (Pubitemid 18039999)
    • (1988) Journal of Clinical Oncology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-127
    • Minsky, B.D.1    Mies, C.2    Rich, T.A.3    Recht, A.4    Chaffey, J.T.5
  • 38
    • 43049141451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer for adjuvant therapy
    • Quah HM, Chou JF, Gonen M, et al. Identification of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer for adjuvant therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:503-7.
    • (2008) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.51 , pp. 503-507
    • Quah, H.M.1    Chou, J.F.2    Gonen, M.3
  • 39
    • 0035883421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-risk groups of patients with Stage II colon carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010915)92:6<1435::AID-CNCR1467>3.0.CO;2-N
    • Merkel S, Wein A, Gunther K, Papadopoulos T, Hohenberger W, Hermanek P. High-risk groups of patients with stage II colon carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92: 1435-43. (Pubitemid 32947827)
    • (2001) Cancer , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 1435-1443
    • Merkel, S.1    Wein, A.2    Gnther, K.3    Papadopoulos, T.4    Hohenberger, W.5    Hermanek, P.6
  • 40
    • 0036141990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conclusions from a study of venous invasion in stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma
    • Sternberg A, Amar M, Alfici R, Groisman G. Conclusions from a study of venous invasion in stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:17-21. (Pubitemid 34081675)
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-21
    • Sternberg, A.1    Amar, M.2    Alfici, R.3    Groisman, G.4
  • 41
    • 0029809269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic features and clinical significance of venous invasion in colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19961201)78:11<2313::AID-CNCR7>3.0. CO;2-N
    • Ouchi K, Sugawara T, Ono H, et al. Histologic features and clinical significance of venous invasion in colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis. Cancer. 1996;78: 2313-7. (Pubitemid 26392829)
    • (1996) Cancer , vol.78 , Issue.11 , pp. 2313-2317
    • Ouchi, K.1    Sugawara, T.2    Ono, H.3    Fujiya, T.4    Kamiyama, Y.5    Kakugawa, Y.6    Mikuni, J.7    Tateno, H.8
  • 42
    • 36749085186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal pathologic staging: Defining stage II disease
    • Compton CC. Optimal pathologic staging: defining stage II disease. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:6862s-70s.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13
    • Compton, C.C.1
  • 43
    • 31444456086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour budding at the deepest invasive margin correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer detected by anticytokeratin antibody CAM5.2
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602927, PII 6602927
    • Kazama S, Watanabe T, Ajioka Y, Kanazawa T, Nagawa H. Tumour budding at the deepest invasive margin correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer detected by anticytokeratin antibody CAM5.2. Br J Cancer. 2006;94:293-8. (Pubitemid 43151550)
    • (2006) British Journal of Cancer , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 293-298
    • Kazama, S.1    Watanabe, T.2    Ajioka, Y.3    Kanazawa, T.4    Nagawa, H.5
  • 44
    • 59149092031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor budding is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker in T3N0 colorectal cancer
    • Wang LM, Kevans D, Mulcahy H, et al. Tumor budding is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker in T3N0 colorectal cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:134-41.
    • (2009) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.33 , pp. 134-141
    • Wang, L.M.1    Kevans, D.2    Mulcahy, H.3
  • 45
    • 77955640310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed objective criteria for "grade 3" in early invasive colorectal cancer
    • Ueno H, Hashiguchi Y, Kajiwara Y, et al. Proposed objective criteria for "grade 3" in early invasive colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;134:312-22.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.134 , pp. 312-322
    • Ueno, H.1    Hashiguchi, Y.2    Kajiwara, Y.3
  • 47
    • 43049097453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor budding as an index to identify highrisk patients with stage II colon cancer
    • Nakamura T, Mitomi H, Kanazawa H, Ohkura Y, Watanabe M. Tumor budding as an index to identify highrisk patients with stage II colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:568-72.
    • (2008) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.51 , pp. 568-572
    • Nakamura, T.1    Mitomi, H.2    Kanazawa, H.3    Ohkura, Y.4    Watanabe, M.5
  • 48
    • 68549140124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor budding in tumor invasive front predicts prognosis and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
    • Miyata H, Yoshioka A, Yamasaki M, et al. Tumor budding in tumor invasive front predicts prognosis and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer. 2009;115:3324-34.
    • (2009) Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 3324-3334
    • Miyata, H.1    Yoshioka, A.2    Yamasaki, M.3
  • 49
    • 0027272850 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of tumor "budding" in patients with colorectal cancer
    • Hase K, Shatney C, Johnson D, Trollope M, Vierra M. Prognostic value of tumor "budding" in patients with colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:627-35.
    • (1993) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 627-635
    • Hase, K.1    Shatney, C.2    Johnson, D.3    Trollope, M.4    Vierra, M.5
  • 50
    • 0036164967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour 'budding' as an index to estimate the potential of aggressiveness in rectal cancer
    • Ueno H, Murphy J, Jass JR, Mochizuki H, Talbot IC. Tumour 'budding' as an index to estimate the potential of aggressiveness in rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2002;40:127-32.
    • (2002) Histopathology , vol.40 , pp. 127-132
    • Ueno, H.1    Murphy, J.2    Jass, J.R.3    Mochizuki, H.4    Talbot, I.C.5
  • 51
    • 77957933011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor budding as a strong prognostic indicator in invasive ampullary adenocarcinomas
    • Ohike N, Coban I, Kim GE, et al. Tumor budding as a strong prognostic indicator in invasive ampullary adenocarcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:1417-24.
    • (2010) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.34 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Ohike, N.1    Coban, I.2    Kim, G.E.3
  • 52
    • 21344468379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour budding detected by laminin-5 {gamma}2-chain immunohistochemistry is of prognostic value in epidermoid anal cancer
    • DOI 10.1093/annonc/mdi179
    • Nilsson PJ, Rubio C, Lenander C, Auer G, Glimelius B. Tumour budding detected by laminin-5 {gamma}2-chain immunohistochemistry is of prognostic value in epidermoid anal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2005;16:893-8. (Pubitemid 40903914)
    • (2005) Annals of Oncology , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 893-898
    • Nilsson, P.J.1    Rubio, C.2    Lenander, C.3    Auer, G.4    Glimelius, B.5
  • 53
    • 77954958416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of perineural invasion in patients with stage II colorectal cancer
    • Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Prognostic value of perineural invasion in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:2066-72.
    • (2010) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 2066-2072
    • Huh, J.W.1    Kim, H.R.2    Kim, Y.J.3
  • 54
    • 70449707511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perineural invasion is an independent predictor of outcome in colorectal cancer
    • Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks J, et al. Perineural invasion is an independent predictor of outcome in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5131-7.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5131-5137
    • Liebig, C.1    Ayala, G.2    Wilks, J.3
  • 55
    • 77955284630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perineural invasion: Correlation with aggressive phenotype and independent prognostic variable in both colon and rectum cancer
    • Poeschl EM, Pollheimer MJ, Kornprat P, et al. Perineural invasion: correlation with aggressive phenotype and independent prognostic variable in both colon and rectum cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:e358-60.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28
    • Poeschl, E.M.1    Pollheimer, M.J.2    Kornprat, P.3
  • 56
    • 34548529964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on independent factors on the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma: TNM stage, tumor budding, perineural invasion, peritumoral-lymphocytic infiltration and urine glucose
    • Xu FY, Dong JK, Zhu YM, et al. [Study on independent factors on the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma: TNM stage, tumor budding, perineural invasion, peritumoral-lymphocytic infiltration and urine glucose]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2005;26:366-9.
    • (2005) Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi , vol.26 , pp. 366-369
    • Xu, F.Y.1    Dong, J.K.2    Zhu, Y.M.3
  • 57
    • 0025424347 scopus 로고
    • Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and colorectal carcinoma: A potential histologic prognosticator
    • Graham DM, Appelman HD. Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and colorectal carcinoma: a potential histologic prognosticator. Mod Pathol. 1990;3:332-5.
    • (1990) Mod Pathol , vol.3 , pp. 332-335
    • Graham, D.M.1    Appelman, H.D.2
  • 59
    • 0242330128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective Evaluation of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection
    • DOI 10.1002/jso.10308
    • Fujita S, Shimoda T, Yoshimura K, Yamamoto S, Akasu T, Moriya Y. Prospective evaluation of prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing curative resection. J Surg Oncol. 2003;84:127-31. (Pubitemid 37363154)
    • (2003) Journal of Surgical Oncology , vol.84 , Issue.3 , pp. 127-131
    • Fujita, S.1    Shimoda, T.2    Yoshimura, K.3    Yamamoto, S.4    Akasu, T.5    Moriya, Y.6
  • 60
    • 17144369192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retroperitoneal surface in distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinoma: The Cinderella surgical margin?
    • DOI 10.1136/jcp.2004.019802
    • Bateman AC, Carr NJ, Warren BF. The retroperitoneal surface in distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinoma: the Cinderella surgical margin? J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:426-8. (Pubitemid 40516179)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 426-428
    • Bateman, A.C.1    Carr, N.J.2    Warren, B.F.3
  • 61
    • 0022644238 scopus 로고
    • Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
    • Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet. 1986;1: 1479-82. (Pubitemid 16095660)
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8496 , pp. 1479-1482
    • Heald, R.J.1    Ryall, R.D.H.2
  • 62
    • 0033011156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing strategy for rectal cancer is associated with improved outcome
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01040.x
    • Dahlberg M, Glimelius B, Pahlman L. Changing strategy for rectal cancer is associated with improved outcome. Br J Surg. 1999;86:379-84. (Pubitemid 29145927)
    • (1999) British Journal of Surgery , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 379-384
    • Dahlberg, M.1    Glimelius, B.2    Pahlman, L.3
  • 63
    • 48449101049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved overall survival for patients with rectal cancer since 1990: The effects of TME surgery and pre-operative radiotherapy
    • den Dulk M, Krijnen P, Marijnen CA, et al. Improved overall survival for patients with rectal cancer since 1990: the effects of TME surgery and pre-operative radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:1710-6.
    • (2008) Eur J Cancer , vol.44 , pp. 1710-1716
    • Den Dulk, M.1    Krijnen, P.2    Marijnen, C.A.3
  • 64
    • 0035975394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer
    • Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345:638-46.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 638-646
    • Kapiteijn, E.1    Marijnen, C.A.2    Nagtegaal, I.D.3
  • 67
    • 70349634800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum
    • Washington MK, Berlin J, Branton P, et al. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009;133:1539-51.
    • (2009) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.133 , pp. 1539-1551
    • Washington, M.K.1    Berlin, J.2    Branton, P.3
  • 68
    • 78049468994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival and recurrence outcomes following surgery for distal rectal cancer
    • Silberfein EJ, Kattepogu KM, Hu CY, et al. Long-term survival and recurrence outcomes following surgery for distal rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:2863-9.
    • (2010) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 2863-2869
    • Silberfein, E.J.1    Kattepogu, K.M.2    Hu, C.Y.3
  • 69
    • 77953657914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distal margins in radical resections for rectal cancer after chemoradiation therapy: How short is long enough?
    • Pricolo VE, Abodeely A, Resnick M. Distal margins in radical resections for rectal cancer after chemoradiation therapy: how short is long enough? Dig Surg. 2010;27:185-9.
    • (2010) Dig Surg , vol.27 , pp. 185-189
    • Pricolo, V.E.1    Abodeely, A.2    Resnick, M.3
  • 70
    • 61549134216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and prognostic value of circumferential resection margin involvement for patients with rectal cancer
    • Wang C, Zhou ZG, Yu YY, et al. Occurrence and prognostic value of circumferential resection margin involvement for patients with rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24:385-90.
    • (2009) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.24 , pp. 385-390
    • Wang, C.1    Zhou, Z.G.2    Yu, Y.Y.3
  • 72
    • 0022466378 scopus 로고
    • Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision
    • Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, Williams NS. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet. 1986;2: 996-9.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 996-999
    • Quirke, P.1    Durdey, P.2    Dixon, M.F.3    Williams, N.S.4
  • 73
    • 38349107307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the role for the circumferential margin in the modern treatment of rectal cancer?
    • Nagtegaal ID, Quirke P. What is the role for the circumferential margin in the modern treatment of rectal cancer? J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:303-12.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 303-312
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Quirke, P.2
  • 74
    • 0036190416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circumferential margin involvement is still an important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma: Not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit
    • Nagtegaal ID, Marijnen CA, Kranenbarg EK, van de Velde CJ, van Krieken JH. Circumferential margin involvement is still an important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma: not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26: 350-7.
    • (2002) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.26 , pp. 350-357
    • Nagtegaal, I.D.1    Marijnen, C.A.2    Kranenbarg, E.K.3    Van De Velde, C.J.4    Van Krieken, J.H.5
  • 75
    • 34347360827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for adverse outcome in patients with rectal cancer treated with an abdominoperineal resection in the total mesorectal excision trial
    • den Dulk M, Marijnen CA, Putter H, et al. Risk factors for adverse outcome in patients with rectal cancer treated with an abdominoperineal resection in the total mesorectal excision trial. Ann Surg. 2007;246:83-90.
    • (2007) Ann Surg , vol.246 , pp. 83-90
    • Den Dulk, M.1    Marijnen, C.A.2    Putter, H.3
  • 76
    • 0037393449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal carcinoma: Diagnostic, prognostic, and molecular features
    • DOI 10.1097/01.MP.0000062859.46942.93
    • Compton CC. Colorectal carcinoma: diagnostic, prognostic, and molecular features. Mod Pathol. 2003;16: 376-88. (Pubitemid 36443987)
    • (2003) Modern Pathology , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 376-388
    • Compton, C.C.1
  • 77
    • 84944371744 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectal cancer
    • NIH consensus conference
    • NIH consensus conference. Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectal cancer. JAMA. 1990;264: 1444-50.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 1444-1450
  • 78
    • 1842377447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer
    • Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial
    • Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:980-7.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 980-987
  • 80
    • 0036678716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation: A proposal for a modified staging system
    • Wheeler JM, Warren BF, Mortensen NJ, et al. Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation: a proposal for a modified staging system. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:1051-6.
    • (2002) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Wheeler, J.M.1    Warren, B.F.2    Mortensen, N.J.3
  • 83
    • 0037083343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of tumor regression assessment in predicting the outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma who are treated with preoperative radiotherapy
    • DOI 10.1002/cncr.10327
    • Bouzourene H, Bosman FT, Seelentag W, Matter M, Coucke P. Importance of tumor regression assessment in predicting the outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma who are treated with preoperative radiotherapy. Cancer. 2002;94:1121-30. (Pubitemid 34150868)
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 1121-1130
    • Bouzourene, H.1    Bosman, F.T.2    Seelentag, W.3    Matter, M.4    Coucke, P.5
  • 88
    • 41849104991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological features and molecular markers in rectal cancer from 95 patients included in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22921 trial: Prognostic value and effects of preoperative radio (chemo) therapy
    • Debucquoy A, Libbrecht L, Roobrouck V, Goethals L, McBride W, Haustermans K. Morphological features and molecular markers in rectal cancer from 95 patients included in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22921 trial: prognostic value and effects of preoperative radio (chemo) therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:791-7.
    • (2008) Eur J Cancer , vol.44 , pp. 791-797
    • Debucquoy, A.1    Libbrecht, L.2    Roobrouck, V.3    Goethals, L.4    McBride, W.5    Haustermans, K.6
  • 89
    • 51649086915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interval >7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
    • Tulchinsky H, Shmueli E, Figer A, Klausner JM, Rabau M. An interval >7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008; 15:2661-7.
    • (2008) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 2661-2667
    • Tulchinsky, H.1    Shmueli, E.2    Figer, A.3    Klausner, J.M.4    Rabau, M.5
  • 90
    • 49849103393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal surgery time after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancers
    • Lim SB, Choi HS, Jeong SY, et al. Optimal surgery time after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancers. Ann Surg. 2008;248:243-51.
    • (2008) Ann Surg , vol.248 , pp. 243-251
    • Lim, S.B.1    Choi, H.S.2    Jeong, S.Y.3
  • 91
    • 45449085429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interval between surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for distal rectal cancer: Does delayed surgery have an impact on outcome?
    • Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Proscurshim I, et al. Interval between surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for distal rectal cancer: does delayed surgery have an impact on outcome? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:1181-8.
    • (2008) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.71 , pp. 1181-1188
    • Habr-Gama, A.1    Perez, R.O.2    Proscurshim, I.3
  • 93
    • 72249098733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymph node status after neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer is a biologic predictor of outcome
    • Chang GJ, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Eng C, Skibber JM. Lymph node status after neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer is a biologic predictor of outcome. Cancer. 2009;115:5432-40.
    • (2009) Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 5432-5440
    • Chang, G.J.1    Rodriguez-Bigas, M.A.2    Eng, C.3    Skibber, J.M.4
  • 94
    • 33748036989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of histologic tumor regression, thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in rectal cancer UICC stage II/III after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
    • DOI 10.1097/01.pas.0000213302.13435.6e, PII 0000047820060900000013
    • Jakob C, Liersch T, Meyer W, et al. Prognostic value of histologic tumor regression, thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in rectal cancer UICC stage II/III after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006; 30:1169-74. (Pubitemid 44299350)
    • (2006) American Journal of Surgical Pathology , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 1169-1174
    • Jakob, C.1    Liersch, T.2    Meyer, W.3    Baretton, G.B.4    Schwabe, W.5    Hausler, P.6    Kulle, B.7    Becker, H.8    Aust, D.E.9
  • 95
    • 37549023839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymph nodes after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal carcinoma: Number, status, and impact on survival
    • Rullier A, Laurent C, Capdepont M, et al. Lymph nodes after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal carcinoma: number, status, and impact on survival. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:45-50.
    • (2008) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 45-50
    • Rullier, A.1    Laurent, C.2    Capdepont, M.3
  • 96
    • 77954395839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fewer than 12 lymph nodes can be expected in a surgical specimen after high-dose chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer
    • Marks JH, Valsdottir EB, Rather AA, Nweze IC, Newman DA, Chernick MR. Fewer than 12 lymph nodes can be expected in a surgical specimen after high-dose chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53:1023-9.
    • (2010) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.53 , pp. 1023-1029
    • Marks, J.H.1    Valsdottir, E.B.2    Rather, A.A.3    Nweze, I.C.4    Newman, D.A.5    Chernick, M.R.6
  • 97
    • 43749116192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of the distribution of lymph node metastases in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
    • Leibold T, Shia J, Ruo L, et al. Prognostic implications of the distribution of lymph node metastases in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2106-11.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2106-2111
    • Leibold, T.1    Shia, J.2    Ruo, L.3
  • 98
    • 77953291017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in stage I and II colon cancer
    • Park SJ, Lee KY, Kim SY. Clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in stage I and II colon cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40:75-80.
    • (2008) Cancer Res Treat , vol.40 , pp. 75-80
    • Park, S.J.1    Lee, K.Y.2    Kim, S.Y.3
  • 99
    • 79953890352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and prognostic impact of micrometastasis in colorectal cancer
    • Sirop S, Kanaan M, Korant A, et al. Detection and prognostic impact of micrometastasis in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2011;103:534-7.
    • (2011) J Surg Oncol , vol.103 , pp. 534-537
    • Sirop, S.1    Kanaan, M.2    Korant, A.3
  • 101
    • 17944362664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)
    • Hampel H, Frankel WL, Martin E, et al. Screening for the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1851-60.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1851-1860
    • Hampel, H.1    Frankel, W.L.2    Martin, E.3
  • 102
    • 57449097359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of screening for Lynch syndrome among patients with colorectal cancer
    • Hampel H, Frankel WL, Martin E, et al. Feasibility of screening for Lynch syndrome among patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5783-8.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 5783-5788
    • Hampel, H.1    Frankel, W.L.2    Martin, E.3
  • 103
    • 64649096900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability predicts improved response to adjuvant therapy with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin in stage III colon cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 89803
    • Bertagnolli MM, Niedzwiecki D, Compton CC, et al. Microsatellite instability predicts improved response to adjuvant therapy with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin in stage III colon cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 89803. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27: 1814-21.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 1814-1821
    • Bertagnolli, M.M.1    Niedzwiecki, D.2    Compton, C.C.3
  • 104
    • 77953105174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New strategies for treatment of KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer
    • Prenen H, Tejpar S, Van Cutsem E. New strategies for treatment of KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:2921-6.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 2921-2926
    • Prenen, H.1    Tejpar, S.2    Van Cutsem, E.3
  • 106
    • 54949085398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer
    • Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1757-65.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1757-1765
    • Karapetis, C.S.1    Khambata-Ford, S.2    Jonker, D.J.3
  • 107
    • 77956595201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker-based prediction of response to therapy for colorectal cancer: Current perspective
    • Ross JS, Torres-Mora J, Wagle N, Jennings TA, Jones DM. Biomarker-based prediction of response to therapy for colorectal cancer: current perspective. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;134:478-90.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.134 , pp. 478-490
    • Ross, J.S.1    Torres-Mora, J.2    Wagle, N.3    Jennings, T.A.4    Jones, D.M.5
  • 108
    • 77954818058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Joint Committee on Cancer: The 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM
    • Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010; 17:1471-4.
    • (2010) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 1471-1474
    • Edge, S.B.1    Compton, C.C.2
  • 109
    • 77958179062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated liver resection for recurrence of colorectal cancer metastases
    • Ruiz-Tovar J, Lopez Hervas P. Repeated liver resection for recurrence of colorectal cancer metastases. Clin Transl Oncol. 2010;12:634-8.
    • (2010) Clin Transl Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 634-638
    • Ruiz-Tovar, J.1    Lopez Hervas, P.2
  • 110
    • 79951722811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of surgical resection in colorectal lung metastases: Analysis of 137 patients
    • Borasio P, Gisabella M, Bille A, et al. Role of surgical resection in colorectal lung metastases: analysis of 137 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010.
    • (2010) Int J Colorectal Dis
    • Borasio, P.1    Gisabella, M.2    Bille, A.3
  • 112
    • 61749090741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tumour-based (Petersen Index) and inflammationbased (Glasgow Prognostic Score) scoring systems in patients undergoing curative resection for colon cancer
    • Roxburgh CS, Crozier JE, Maxwell F, et al. Comparison of tumour-based (Petersen Index) and inflammationbased (Glasgow Prognostic Score) scoring systems in patients undergoing curative resection for colon cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;100:701-6.
    • (2009) Br J Cancer , vol.100 , pp. 701-706
    • Roxburgh, C.S.1    Crozier, J.E.2    Maxwell, F.3
  • 113
    • 1242336803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved Prediction of Recurrence after Curative Resection of Colon Carcinoma using Tree-Based Risk Stratification
    • DOI 10.1002/cncr.20065
    • Radespiel-Troger M, Hohenberger W, Reingruber B. Improved prediction of recurrence after curative resection of colon carcinoma using tree-based risk stratification. Cancer. 2004;100:958-67. (Pubitemid 38222856)
    • (2004) Cancer , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 958-967
    • Radespiel-Troger, M.1    Hohenberger, W.2    Reingruber, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.