메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 418-423

Modulation of redox signaling promotes apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells

Author keywords

Diphenyleneiodonium; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha; NADPH oxidase; Oxidative stress; Superoxide dismutase

Indexed keywords

CASPASE 3; DIPHENYLIODONIUM SALT; EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE;

EID: 79960446246     PISSN: 00908258     EISSN: 10956859     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.04.051     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (47)
  • 2
    • 67650071137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: A radical therapeutic approach?
    • D. Trachootham, J. Alexandre, and P. Huang Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach? Nat Rev Drug Discov 8 7 2009 579 591
    • (2009) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 579-591
    • Trachootham, D.1    Alexandre, J.2    Huang, P.3
  • 3
    • 2942593991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications
    • DOI 10.1016/j.drup.2004.01.004
    • H. Pelicano, D. Carney, and P. Huang ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications Drug Resist Updat 7 2 2004 97 110 (Pubitemid 38736063)
    • (2004) Drug Resistance Updates , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-110
    • Pelicano, H.1    Carney, D.2    Huang, P.3
  • 5
    • 1442360000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells: A biochemical basis for therapeutic selectivity
    • DOI 10.1007/s00280-003-0726-5
    • E.O. Hileman, J. Liu, M. Albitar, M.J. Keating, and P. Huang Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells: a biochemical basis for therapeutic selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 3 2004 209 219 (Pubitemid 38293718)
    • (2004) Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-219
    • Hileman, E.O.1    Liu, J.2    Albitar, M.3    Keating, M.J.4    Huang, P.5
  • 6
    • 0035897653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologs of gp91phox: Cloning and tissue expression of Nox3, Nox4, and Nox5
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00449-8, PII S0378111901004498
    • G. Cheng, Z. Cao, X. Xu, E.G. van Meir, and J.D. Lambeth Homologs of gp91phox: cloning and tissue expression of Nox3, Nox4, and Nox5 Gene 269 1-2 2001 131 140 (Pubitemid 32488913)
    • (2001) Gene , vol.269 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 131-140
    • Cheng, G.1    Cao, Z.2    Xu, X.3    Meir, E.G.V.4    Lambeth, J.D.5
  • 7
    • 5544237716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species as mediators of angiogenesis signaling. Role of NAD(P)H oxidase
    • DOI 10.1023/B:MCBI.0000044378.09409.b5
    • M. Ushio-Fukai, and R.W. Alexander Reactive oxygen species as mediators of angiogenesis signaling: role of NAD(P)H oxidase Mol Cell Biochem 264 1-2 2004 85 97 (Pubitemid 39366107)
    • (2004) Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , vol.264 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 85-97
    • Ushio-Fukai, M.1    Alexander, R.W.2
  • 8
    • 33846794822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology
    • DOI 10.1152/physrev.00044.2005
    • K. Bedard, and K.H. Krause The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology Physiol Rev 87 1 2007 245 313 (Pubitemid 46209993)
    • (2007) Physiological Reviews , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 245-313
    • Bedard, K.1    Krause, K.-H.2
  • 9
    • 75749109685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of NOX enzymes in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryos
    • (PMCID: 2822117)
    • J. Dong, K.K. Sulik, and S.Y. Chen The role of NOX enzymes in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryos Toxicol Lett 193 1 2010 94 100 (PMCID: 2822117)
    • (2010) Toxicol Lett , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-100
    • Dong, J.1    Sulik, K.K.2    Chen, S.Y.3
  • 10
    • 0025904386 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in human fibroblasts
    • (PMCID: 1150038)
    • B. Meier, A.R. Cross, J.T. Hancock, F.J. Kaup, and O.T. Jones Identification of a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in human fibroblasts Biochem J 275 Pt 1 1991 241 245 (PMCID: 1150038)
    • (1991) Biochem J , vol.275 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 241-245
    • Meier, B.1    Cross, A.R.2    Hancock, J.T.3    Kaup, F.J.4    Jones, O.T.5
  • 11
    • 0026021362 scopus 로고
    • Production of large amounts of hydrogen peroxide by human tumor cells
    • T.P. Szatrowski, and C.F. Nathan Production of large amounts of hydrogen peroxide by human tumor cells Cancer Res 51 3 1991 794 798
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 794-798
    • Szatrowski, T.P.1    Nathan, C.F.2
  • 12
    • 0028365310 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
    • K.K. Griendling, C.A. Minieri, J.D. Ollerenshaw, and R.W. Alexander Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells Circ Res 74 6 1994 1141 1148 (Pubitemid 24176909)
    • (1994) Circulation Research , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 1141-1148
    • Griendling, K.K.1    Minieri, C.A.2    Ollerenshaw, J.D.3    Alexander, R.W.4
  • 13
    • 1542406446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen
    • J.D. Lambeth NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen Nat Rev Immunol 4 3 2004 181 189 (Pubitemid 38339084)
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Immunology , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-189
    • Lambeth, J.D.1
  • 14
    • 46649116904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-generated superoxide induces the development of the adhesion phenotype
    • (PMCID: 2574925)
    • N.M. Fletcher, Z.L. Jiang, M.P. Diamond, H.M. Abu-Soud, and G.M. Saed Hypoxia-generated superoxide induces the development of the adhesion phenotype Free Radic Biol Med 45 4 2008 530 536 (PMCID: 2574925)
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 530-536
    • Fletcher, N.M.1    Jiang, Z.L.2    Diamond, M.P.3    Abu-Soud, H.M.4    Saed, G.M.5
  • 15
    • 0018263443 scopus 로고
    • The biology of oxygen radicals
    • I. Fridovich The biology of oxygen radicals Science 201 4359 1978 875 880
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , Issue.4359 , pp. 875-880
    • Fridovich, I.1
  • 16
    • 0029064709 scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking extracellular superoxide dismutase are more sensitive to hyperoxia
    • L.M. Carlsson, J. Jonsson, T. Edlund, and S.L. Marklund Mice lacking extracellular superoxide dismutase are more sensitive to hyperoxia Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 14 1995 6264 6268
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , Issue.14 , pp. 6264-6268
    • Carlsson, L.M.1    Jonsson, J.2    Edlund, T.3    Marklund, S.L.4
  • 17
    • 48649095595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular redox state regulates features associated with prostate cancer cell invasion
    • L. Chaiswing, W. Zhong, J.J. Cullen, L.W. Oberley, and T.D. Oberley Extracellular redox state regulates features associated with prostate cancer cell invasion Cancer Res 68 14 2008 5820 5826
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , Issue.14 , pp. 5820-5826
    • Chaiswing, L.1    Zhong, W.2    Cullen, J.J.3    Oberley, L.W.4    Oberley, T.D.5
  • 18
    • 0035029319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1: Control of oxygen homeostasis in health and disease
    • G.L. Semenza Hypoxia-inducible factor 1: control of oxygen homeostasis in health and disease Pediatr Res 49 5 2001 614 617 (Pubitemid 32390848)
    • (2001) Pediatric Research , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 614-617
    • Semenza, G.L.1
  • 19
    • 1442307630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism for activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases
    • R. Takeya, and H. Sumimoto Molecular mechanism for activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Mol Cells 16 3 2003 271 277 (Pubitemid 41582851)
    • (2003) Molecules and Cells , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-277
    • Takeya, R.1    Sumimoto, H.2
  • 21
    • 3042710574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase-3 promotes full expression of the EPO response to hypoxia
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2240
    • H.B. Suliman, M. Ali, and C.A. Piantadosi Superoxide dismutase-3 promotes full expression of the EPO response to hypoxia Blood 104 1 2004 43 50 (Pubitemid 38879836)
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-50
    • Suliman, H.B.1    Ali, M.2    Piantadosi, C.A.3
  • 22
    • 0022503237 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the inhibitor diphenylene iodonium on the superoxide-generating system of neutrophils. Specific labelling of a component polypeptide of the oxidase
    • A.R. Cross, and O.T. Jones The effect of the inhibitor diphenylene iodonium on the superoxide-generating system of neutrophils. Specific labelling of a component polypeptide of the oxidase Biochem J 237 1 1986 111 116 (Pubitemid 16063096)
    • (1986) Biochemical Journal , vol.237 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-116
    • Cross, A.R.1    Jones, O.T.G.2
  • 23
    • 33749004504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions
    • DOI 10.1093/humrep/dei500
    • G.M. Saed, M. Zhao, M.P. Diamond, and H.M. Abu-Soud Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions Hum Reprod 21 6 2006 1605 1611 (Pubitemid 44445043)
    • (2006) Human Reproduction , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 1605-1611
    • Saed, G.M.1    Zhao, M.2    Diamond, M.P.3    Abu-Soud, H.M.4
  • 24
    • 0015882341 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen
    • A. Boveris, and B. Chance The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen Biochem J 134 3 1973 707 716
    • (1973) Biochem J , vol.134 , Issue.3 , pp. 707-716
    • Boveris, A.1    Chance, B.2
  • 25
    • 0342433777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and its relationship to apoptosis and proliferation in lung cancer
    • M. Volm, and R. Koomagi Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and its relationship to apoptosis and proliferation in lung cancer Anticancer Res 20 3A 2000 1527 1533 (Pubitemid 30628160)
    • (2000) Anticancer Research , vol.20 , Issue.3 A , pp. 1527-1533
    • Volm, M.1    Koomagi, R.2
  • 27
    • 0027479814 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the inhibitory mechanism of iodonium compounds with special reference to neutrophil NADPH oxidase
    • B.V. O'Donnell, D.G. Tew, O.T. Jones, and P.J. England Studies on the inhibitory mechanism of iodonium compounds with special reference to neutrophil NADPH oxidase Biochem J 290 Pt 1 1993 41 49 (PMCID: 1132380) (Pubitemid 23081198)
    • (1993) Biochemical Journal , vol.290 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-49
    • O'Donnell, V.B.1    Tew, D.G.2    Jones, O.T.G.3    England, P.J.4
  • 28
    • 33846206517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diphenyleneiodonium induces ROS-independent p53 expression and apoptosis in human RPE cells
    • DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.006, PII S0014579306014360
    • S.E. Park, J.D. Song, K.M. Kim, Y.M. Park, N.D. Kim, and Y.H. Yoo Diphenyleneiodonium induces ROS-independent p53 expression and apoptosis in human RPE cells FEBS Lett 581 2 2007 180 186 (Pubitemid 46096460)
    • (2007) FEBS Letters , vol.581 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-186
    • Park, S.E.1    Song, J.D.2    Kim, K.M.3    Park, Y.M.4    Kim, N.D.5    Yoo, Y.H.6    Park, Y.C.7
  • 29
    • 0033517275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1
    • Y.A. Suh, R.S. Arnold, B. Lassegue, J. Shi, X. Xu, and D. Sorescu Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1 Nature 401 6748 1999 79 82
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , Issue.6748 , pp. 79-82
    • Suh, Y.A.1    Arnold, R.S.2    Lassegue, B.3    Shi, J.4    Xu, X.5    Sorescu, D.6
  • 31
    • 0035138146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-metastatic gene therapy utilizing subcutaneous inoculation of EC-SOD gene transduced autologous fibroblast suppressed lung metastasis of Meth-A cells and 3LL cells in mice
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.gt.3301362
    • M. Tanaka, K. Kogawa, K. Nakamura, Y. Nishihori, K. Kuribayashi, and S. Hagiwara Anti-metastatic gene therapy utilizing subcutaneous inoculation of EC-SOD gene transduced autologous fibroblast suppressed lung metastasis of Meth-A cells and 3LL cells in mice Gene Ther 8 2 2001 149 156 (Pubitemid 32162428)
    • (2001) Gene Therapy , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-156
    • Tanaka, M.1    Kogawa, K.2    Nakamura, K.3    Nishihori, Y.4    Kuribayashi, K.5    Hagiwara, S.6    Muramatsu, H.7    Sakamaki, S.8    Niitsu, Y.9
  • 32
    • 0142120588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretion of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase From Muscle Transduced With Recombinant Adenovirus Inhibits the Growth of B16 Melanomas in Mice
    • M.D. Wheeler, O.M. Smutney, and R.J. Samulski Secretion of extracellular superoxide dismutase from muscle transduced with recombinant adenovirus inhibits the growth of B16 melanomas in mice Mol Cancer Res 1 12 2003 871 881 (Pubitemid 37288706)
    • (2003) Molecular Cancer Research , vol.1 , Issue.12 , pp. 871-881
    • Wheeler, M.D.1    Smutney, O.M.2    Jude Samulski, R.3
  • 33
    • 31144469322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross talk between mitochondria and superoxide generating NADPH oxidase in breast and ovarian tumors
    • M.M. Desouki, M. Kulawiec, S. Bansal, G.M. Das, and K.K. Singh Cross talk between mitochondria and superoxide generating NADPH oxidase in breast and ovarian tumors Cancer Biol Ther 4 12 2005 1367 1373 (Pubitemid 43131182)
    • (2005) Cancer Biology and Therapy , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Desouki, M.M.1    Kulawiec, M.2    Bansal, S.3    Das, G.4    Singh, K.K.5
  • 35
    • 0347719531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen Inhibits Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis via the Phosphorylation of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2003-0792
    • S. Mabuchi, M. Ohmichi, A. Kimura, Y. Nishio, E. Arimoto-Ishida, and N. Yada-Hashimoto Estrogen inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in human ovarian cancer cell lines Endocrinology 145 1 2004 49 58 (Pubitemid 38094500)
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-58
    • Mabuchi, S.1    Ohmichi, M.2    Kimura, A.3    Nishio, Y.4    Arimoto-Ishida, E.5    Yada-Hashimoto, N.6    Tasaka, K.7    Murata, Y.8
  • 36
    • 0034640524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent Akt activation by oxidative stress enhances cell survival
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14624
    • X. Wang, K.D. McCullough, T.F. Franke, and N.J. Holbrook Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent Akt activation by oxidative stress enhances cell survival J Biol Chem 275 19 2000 14624 14631 (Pubitemid 30339753)
    • (2000) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.275 , Issue.19 , pp. 14624-14631
    • Wang, X.1    McCullough, K.D.2    Franke, T.F.3    Holbrook, N.J.4
  • 37
    • 0036882302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, a chemical inducer of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and hypoxia reduce apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cell line HepG2
    • J.P. Piret, D. Mottet, M. Raes, and C. Michiels CoCl2, a chemical inducer of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and hypoxia reduce apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cell line HepG2 Ann N Y Acad Sci 973 2002 443 447 (Pubitemid 36125050)
    • (2002) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.973 , pp. 443-447
    • Piret, J.-P.1    Mottet, D.2    Raes, M.3    Michiels, C.4
  • 38
    • 0032545445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diphenyleneiodonium, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, also potently inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production
    • DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9729
    • Y. Li, and M.A. Trush Diphenyleneiodonium, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, also potently inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253 2 1998 295 299 (Pubitemid 29026697)
    • (1998) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.253 , Issue.2 , pp. 295-299
    • Li, Y.1    Trush, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0028925744 scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin enhances apoptosis and increases sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro
    • Y. Shi, A. Frankel, L.G. Radvanyi, L.Z. Penn, R.G. Miller, and G.B. Mills Rapamycin enhances apoptosis and increases sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro Cancer Res 55 9 1995 1982 1988
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 1982-1988
    • Shi, Y.1    Frankel, A.2    Radvanyi, L.G.3    Penn, L.Z.4    Miller, R.G.5    Mills, G.B.6
  • 40
    • 21344441028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective and irreversible cell cycle inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium
    • DOI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0009
    • R.M. Scaife Selective and irreversible cell cycle inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium Mol Cancer Ther 4 6 2005 876 884 (Pubitemid 40909070)
    • (2005) Molecular Cancer Therapeutics , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 876-884
    • Scaife, R.M.1
  • 41
    • 40949115999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and oocyte aging: Role of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid
    • A.P. Goud, P.T. Goud, M.P. Diamond, B. Gonik, and H.M. Abu-Soud Reactive oxygen species and oocyte aging: role of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid Free Radic Biol Med 44 7 2008 1295 1304
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 1295-1304
    • Goud, A.P.1    Goud, P.T.2    Diamond, M.P.3    Gonik, B.4    Abu-Soud, H.M.5
  • 42
    • 0014691242 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein)
    • J.M. McCord, and I. Fridovich Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein) J Biol Chem 244 22 1969 6049 6055
    • (1969) J Biol Chem , vol.244 , Issue.22 , pp. 6049-6055
    • McCord, J.M.1    Fridovich, I.2
  • 44
    • 28244447656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase expression in ovarian cancer: Role in cell proliferation and response to oxidative stress
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M503296200
    • Y. Hu, D.G. Rosen, Y. Zhou, L. Feng, G. Yang, and J. Liu Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase expression in ovarian cancer: role in cell proliferation and response to oxidative stress J Biol Chem 280 47 2005 39485 39492 (Pubitemid 41713906)
    • (2005) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.280 , Issue.47 , pp. 39485-39492
    • Hu, Y.1    Rosen, D.G.2    Zhou, Y.3    Feng, L.4    Yang, G.5    Liu, J.6    Huang, P.7
  • 46
    • 33645376457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) correlated with tumor growth and apoptosis in ovarian cancer
    • H. Jiang, and Y. Feng Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) correlated with tumor growth and apoptosis in ovarian cancer Int J Gynecol Cancer 16 Suppl 1 2006 405 412
    • (2006) Int J Gynecol Cancer , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 405-412
    • Jiang, H.1    Feng, Y.2
  • 47
    • 42349117302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manganese superoxide dismutase modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1A induction via superoxide
    • DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2635
    • S. Kaewpila, S. Venkataraman, G.R. Buettner, and L.W. Oberley Manganese superoxide dismutase modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha induction via superoxide Cancer Res 68 8 2008 2781 2788 (Pubitemid 351556276)
    • (2008) Cancer Research , vol.68 , Issue.8 , pp. 2781-2788
    • Kaewpila, S.1    Venkataraman, S.2    Buettner, G.R.3    Oberley, L.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.