Multifactorial treatment for improvement of renal function and cardiovascular risk: An ATTEMPT for patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Volumn 27, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1669-1672

  Katsiki, Niki ^a   Elisaf, Moses ^b  

^a AHEPA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk; Chronic kidney disease; Metabolic syndrome; Multifactorial treatment; Renal function; Statin; Uric acid

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; AMFEBUTAMONE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATORVASTATIN; ENZYME INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; NALTREXONE; PIOGLITAZONE; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; URIC ACID;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; BARIATRIC SURGERY; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRANSAMINASEMIA; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIFESTYLE; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; REVIEW; SMOKING CESSATION; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

CHOLESTEROL, LDL; FEMALE; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; KIDNEY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PYRROLES; URIC ACID;

EID: 79960389574     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: 14734877     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2011.596410     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Ganotakis ES, et al.; for the Assessing The Treatment Effect in Metabolic syndrome without Perceptible diabeTes (ATTEMPT) Collaborative Group. Association between the changes in renal function and serum uric acid levels during multifactorial intervention and clinical outcome in patients with metabolic syndrome. A post hoc analysis of the Assessing The Treatment Effect in Metabolic Syndrome Without Perceptible Diabetes (ATTEMPT) study. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; in press. pagination needs to be added when available.
2. Athyros VG, Ganotakis E, Kolovou G, et al.; for the Assessing The Treatment Effect in Metabolic Syndrome Without Perceptible diabeTes (ATTEMPT) Collaborative Group. Assessing The Treatment Effect in Metabolic syndrome without Perceptible diabeTes (ATTEMPT). A prospective-randomized study in middle aged men and women. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2011; in press.
3. Drü eke TB, Massy ZA. Atherosclerosis in CKD: differences from the general population. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010;6:723-35.
4. Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Correa-Rotter R. Cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:2687-98.
5. McCullough PA, Verrill TA. Cardiorenal interaction: appropriate treatment of cardiovascular risk factors to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Postgrad Med 2010;122:25-34.
6. Efstratiadis G, Tziomalos K, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Atherogenesis in renal patients: a model of vascular disease? Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2008;6:93-107.
7. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2003;108:2154-69.
8. Schiele F. Renal dysfunction and coronary disease: a high-risk combination. J Nephrol 2009;22:39-45.
9. Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, et al. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 2010;375:2073-81.
10. van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, et al. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int 2011 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print].
11. Clase CM, Gao P, Tobe SW, et al.; ONTARGET (ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial) and TRANSCEND (Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitor Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease). Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria as predictors of outcomes in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:310-18.
12. Mercado N, Brugts JJ, Ix JH, et al. Usefulness of proteinuria as a prognostic marker of mortality and cardiovascular events among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (data from the Evaluation of Oral Xemilofiban in Controlling Thrombotic Events [EXCITE] trial). Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1151-5.
13. Tsagalis G, Akrivos T, Alevizaki M, et al. Renal dysfunction in acute stroke: an independent predictor of long-term all combined vascular events and overall mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:194-200.
14. Vlek AL, van der Graaf Y, Spiering W, et al. SMART study group. Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality by albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate in patients with vascular disease. J Intern Med 2008; 264:351-60.
15. Paraskevas KI, Giannoukas AD, Mikhailidis DP. Renal function impairment in peripheral arterial disease: an important parameter that should not be neglected. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23:690-9.
16. Umemura S, Kawamori R, Matsuoka H, et al. Effects of renal dysfunction on cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with hypertension: challenge-DM Study subgroup analysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011;15:64-72.
17. Targher G, Zoppini G, Chonchol M, et al. Glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011;21:294-301.
18. van Lammeren GW, Moll FL, Blankestijn PJ, et al. Decreased kidney function: an unrecognized and often untreated risk factor for secondary cardiovascular events after carotid surgery. Stroke 2011;42: 307-12.
19. Genest J, McPherson R, Frohlich J, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult-2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009;25:567-79.
20. Paraskevas KI, Kotsikoris I, Koupidis SA, et al. Cardiovascular events in chronic dialysis patients: emphasizing the importance of vascular disease prevention. Int Urol Nephrol 2010;42:999-1006.
21. Athyros VG, Mitsiou EK, Tziomalos K, et al. Impact of managing atherogenic dyslipidemia on cardiovascular outcome across different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:723-30.
22. Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP, Tziomalos K, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of early death after acute stroke. Circ J 2007; 71:1120-7. (Pubitemid 46998030)
23. Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2000;283:2404-10. (Pubitemid 30257539)
24. Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, et al. Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1546-51. (Pubitemid 38970476)
25. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, et al. Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010;62:170-80.
26. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, et al. Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61:885-92.
27. Kowalczyk J, Francuz P, Swoboda R, et al. Prognostic significance of hyperuricemia in patients with different types of renal dysfunction and acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Nephron Clin Pract 2010;116:c114-22.
28. Madero M, Sarnak MJ, Wang X, et al. Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:796-803.
29. Kanbay M, Ikizek M, Solak Y, et al. Uric acid and pentraxin-3 levels are independently associated with coronary artery disease risk in patients with stage 2 and 3 kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2011;33:325-31.
30. Suliman ME, Johnson RJ, Garciacute;a-Ló pez E, et al. J-shaped mortality relationship for uric acid in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;48:761-71. (Pubitemid 44740052)
31. Sonoda H, Takase H, Dohi Y, et al. Uric Acid levels predict future development of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2011;33:352-7.
32. Endo M, Kumakura H, Kanai H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for renal artery stenosis and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with peripheral arterial disease. Hypertens Res 2010;33:911-15.
33. Kang DH, Nakagawa T. Uric acid and chronic renal disease: possible implication of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease. Semin Nephrol 2005;25:43-9. (Pubitemid 40128148)
34. Chonchol M, Shlipak MG, Katz R, et al. Relationship of uric acid with progression of kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;50:239-47. (Pubitemid 47095076)
35. Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, et al. Hyperuricaemia and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): a relationship with implications for vascular risk? Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2011 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print].
36. Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Hatzitolios AI, et al. SAGE-METS collaborative group. Standardized arrangement for a guideline-driven treatment of the metabolic syndrome: the SAGE-METS study. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25:971-80.
37. Athyros VG, Elisaf M, Papageorgiou AA, et al. GREACE Study Collaborative Group. Effect of statins versus untreated dyslipidemia on serum uric acid levels in patients with coronary heart disease: a subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:589-99. (Pubitemid 38401873)
38. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Liberopoulos EN, et al. Effect of statin treatment on renal function and serum uric acid levels and their relation to vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: a subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary heart disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:118-27. (Pubitemid 46050336)
39. Sica DA. Pharmacologic issues in treating hypertension in CKD. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2011;18:42-7.
40. Hoogwerf BJ. Renin-angiotensin system blockade and cardiovascular and renal protection. Am J Cardiol 2010;105(1 Suppl):30-5 A.
41. Balamuthusamy S, Srinivasan L, Verma M, et al. Renin angiotensin system blockade and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and proteinuria: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2008;155:791-805. (Pubitemid 351601744)
42. Palmer BF. Management of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 2008;121(8 Suppl):S16-22. (Pubitemid 351973311)
43. Fujioka K. Benefits of moderate weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12:186-94.
44. Horton ES. Effects of lifestyle changes to reduce risks of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risks: results from large scale efficacy trials. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17(Suppl 3):S43-8.
45. Teta D. Weight loss in obese patients with chronic kidney disease: who and how? J Ren Care 2010;36(Suppl 1):163-71.
46. Filippatos TD, Derdemezis CS, Gazi IF, et al. Orlistat-associated adverse effects and drug interactions: a critical review. Drug Saf 2008;31:53-65.
47. Katsiki N, Hatzitolios AI, Mikhailidis DP. Naltrexone sustained-release (SR)\+bupropion SR combination therapy for the treatment of obesity: 'A new kid on the block'? Ann Med 2011 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print].
48. Riddle MC. Glycemic control and cardiovascular mortality. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011;18:104-9.
49. Papanas N, Maltezos E. Oral antidiabetic agents: anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond glucose lowering? Curr Pharm Des 2009;15:3179-92.
50. Anfossi G, Russo I, Bonomo K, et al. The cardiovascular effects of metformin: further reasons to consider an old drug as a cornerstone in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2010;8:327-37.
51. Rizos CV, Liberopoulos EN, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008;9:1087-108. (Pubitemid 351721748)
52. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al. PROactive investigators. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:1279-89. (Pubitemid 41416583)
53. Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, et al. Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 2007;298:1180-8. (Pubitemid 47403104)
54. Baumgartner I, Hirsch AT, Abola MT, et al. REACH Registry investigators. Cardiovascular risk profile and outcome of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm in out-patients with atherothrombosis: data from the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. J Vasc Surg 2008;48:808-14.
55. Katsiki N, Hatzitolios AI, Mikhailidis DP. Passive smoking: the democratic right of non-smokers to survive. Angiology In press.
56. Aboyans V, Thomas D, Lacroix P. The cardiologist and smoking cessation. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010;25:469-77.
57. Pipe AL, Papadakis S, Reid RD. The role of smoking cessation in the prevention of coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010;12:145-50.
58. Stack AG, Murthy BV. Cigarette use and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: an unappreciated modifiable lifestyle risk factor. Semin Dial 2010;23:298-305.
59. Lassus J, Harjola VP. Cystatin C: a step forward in assessing kidney function and cardiovascular risk. Heart Fail Rev 2011 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print].
60. Taglieri N, Koenig W, Kaski JC. Cystatin C and cardiovascular risk. Clin Chem 2009;55:1932-43.
61. Rifkin DE, Katz R, Chonchol M, et al. Albuminuria, impaired kidney function and cardiovascular outcomes or mortality in the elderly. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25:1560-7.
62. Agrawal V, Marinescu V, Agarwal M, et al. Medscape. Cardiovascular implications of proteinuria: an indicator of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009;6:301-11.
63. Guh JY. Proteinuria versus albuminuria in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2010;15(Suppl 2):53-6.
64. Weir MR. Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:581-90.
65. Navaneethan SD, Pansini F, Perkovic V, et al. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD007784.
66. Kalaitzidis RG, Bakris GL. Serum creatinine vs. albuminuria as biomarkers for the estimation of cardiovascular risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2010;8:604-11.
67. de Jong PE, Gansevoort RT. Focus on microalbuminuria to improve cardiac and renal protection. Nephron Clin Pract 2009;111:c204-10; discussion c211.
68. Glassock RJ. Is the presence of microalbuminuria a relevant marker of kidney disease? Curr Hypertens Rep 2010;12:364-8.
69. Bloch MJ, Basile JN. Review of recent literature: Existing kidney disease classification guideline needs to incorporate degree of proteinuria with estimated glomerular filtration rate to more accurately predict cardiovascular and renal risk. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010;12:627-30.
70. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Gossios TD, et al. GREACE Study Collaborative Group. Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis. Lancet 2010;376:1916-22.
71. Bader T. Liver tests are irrelevant when prescribing statins. Lancet 2010; 376(9756):1882-3.
72. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Daskalopoulos GN, et al. Statin-based treatment for cardiovascular risk and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Killing two birds with one stone? Ann Med 2011;43:167-71.
73. Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Combination drug treatment in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2010;2:139-42.
74. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Didangelos TP, et al. Effect of multifactorial treatment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome: a randomised study. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:873-83. (Pubitemid 43875555)
75. Targher G, Chonchol M, Zoppini G, et al. Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Is there a link? J Hepatol 2011;54:1020-9.
76. Catalano D, Trovato GM, Martines GF, et al. Renal function and severity of bright liver. Relationship with insulin resistance, intrarenal resistive index, and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatol Int 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]