Serum creatinine vs. albuminuria as biomarkers for the estimation of cardiovascular risk

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 604-611

  Kalaitzidis, Rigas G ^a   Bakris, George L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Cardiovascular; Creatinine; Microalbuminuria; Predictors

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CREATININE; DILTIAZEM; DIURETIC AGENT;

ALBUMINURIA; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MICROALBUMINURIA; MORTALITY; PROGNOSIS; BLOOD; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE COURSE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HOSPITALIZATION; HYPERTENSION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; URINE;

ALBUMINURIA; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CREATININE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PROGNOSIS; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 77958498301     PISSN: 15701611     EISSN: 18756212     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157016110792006914     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Kohn EC, Azad N, Annunziata C, et al. Proteomics as a tool for biomarker discovery. Dis Markers 2007; 23: 411-7.
2. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009; 119: 480-6.
3. Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007; 298: 2038-47.
4. USRD 2009 ADR/reference tables. Available: http//www.usrds. org-2009.htm.Viewed 7/22/09.
5. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. Kidney disease as risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney inCardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, ClinicalCardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2003;108: 2154-2169.
6. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1296-305.
7. Reddan DN, Szczech LA, Tuttle RH, et al. Chronic kidney disease, mortality, and treatment strategies among patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2373-80.
8. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: 1-266.
9. Stevens LA, Levey AS. Measurement of kidney function. Med Clin North Am 2005 89: 457-73.
10. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 461-70.
11. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31-41.
12. O'Hare AM, Choi AI, Bertenthal D, et al. Age affects outcomes in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 2758-65.
13. Pizzarelli F, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S et al. Predictivity of survival according to different equations for estimating renal function in community-dwelling elderly subjects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 1197-205
14. Rule AD, Bailey KR, Schwartz GL, et al.: For estimating creatinine clearance measuring muscle mass gives better results than those based on demographics. Kidney Int 2009; 75: 1071-8
15. Culleton BF, Larson MG, Wilson PW, et al. Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 2214-9.
16. Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, et al. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: the HOPE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 629-36.
17. Shulman NB, Ford CE, Hall WD, et al. Prognostic value of serum creatinine and effect of treatment of hypertension on renal function. Results from the hypertension detection and follow-up program. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Hypertension 1989; 13: I80-I93.
18. McCullough PA, Soman SS, Shah SS, et al. Risks associated with renal dysfunction in patients in the coronary care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 679-84.
19. Dries DL, Exner DV, Domanski MJ, et al. The prognostic implications of renal insufficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 681-9.
20. Ruilope LM, Salvetti A, Jamerson K, et al. Renal function and intensive lowering of blood pressure in hypertensive participants of the hypertension optimal treatment (HOT) study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 218-25.
21. Ravera M, Noberasco G, Re M, et al. Chronic kidney disease andcardiovascular risk in hypertensive type 2 diabetics: a primary care perspective. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 1528-33.
22. Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G, et al. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: The Hoorn Study. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 1402-7.
23. So WY, Kong AP, Ma RC, et al. Glomerular filtration rate, cardiorenal end points, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabeticpatients. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2046-52.
24. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Amin MG, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of community-based studies. J Am Soc Nephrol2004; 15: 1307-15.
25. Brantsma AH, Bakker SJ, Hillege HL, et al. Cardiovascular andrenal outcome in subjects with K/DOQI stage 1-3 chronic kidney disease: the importance of urinary albumin excretion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 3851-8.
26. Chmielewski M, Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B. Metabolic abnormalities in chronic kidney disease that contribute to cardiovascular disease, and nutritional initiatives that may diminish the risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20: 3-9.
27. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease: a new paradigm. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: S117-S131.
28. Khosla N, Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Microalbuminuria. Clin Lab Med 2006; 26: 635 vii.
29. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 2366-74.
30. Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modificationof Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 754-62.
31. Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al. Proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of non-diabetic renal disease. Kidney Int 2001; 60: 1131-40.
32. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001; 286: 421-6.
33. Hallan S, Astor B, Romundstad S, et al. Association of kidney function and albuminuria with cardiovascular mortality in older vs younger individuals: The HUNT II Study. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 2490-6.
34. Ordonez JD, Hiatt RA, Killebrew EJ, Fireman BH. The increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 1993; 44: 638-42.
35. Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Olsen MH, et al. Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 901-6.
36. Agrawal B, Berger A, Wolf K, Luft FC. Microalbuminuria screening by reagent strip predicts cardiovascular risk in hypertension. J Hypertens 1996; 14: 223-8.
37. The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of longterm complications: the perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 1996 45: 1289-98.
38. Klausen K, Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, et al. Very low levels of microalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death independently of renal function, hypertension, and diabetes. Circulation 2004; 110: 32-5.
39. Hillege HL, Fidler V, Diercks GF, et al. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation 2002; 106: 1777-82.
40. Farbom P, Wahlstrand B, Almgren P, et al. Interaction between renal function and microalbuminuria for cardiovascular risk in hypertension: the nordic diltiazem study. Hypertension 2008; 52: 115-22.
41. Astor BC, Hallan SI, Miller ER III, et al. Glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the US population. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 1226-34.
42. Cirillo M, Lanti MP, Menotti A, et al. Definition of kidney dysfunction as a cardiovascular risk factor: use of urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 617-24.
43. Irie F, Iso H, Sairenchi T, et al. The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population. Kidney Int 2006; 69: 1264-71.
44. Knobler H, Zornitzki T, Vered S, et al. Reduced glomerular filtration rate in asymptomatic diabetic patients: predictor of increased risk for cardiac events independent of albuminuria. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 2142-8.
45. Mann JF, Schmieder RE, McQueen M, et al. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 547-53.
46. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1225-37.
47. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008, 358: 1547-59.
48. Rigalleau V, Lasseur C, Raffaitin C. et al. Normoalbuminuric renal-insufficient diabetic patients: a lower-risk group. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2034-9.
49. Tonelli M, Jose P, Curhan G, et al. Proteinuria, impaired kidney function, and adverse outcomes in people with coronary disease: analysis of a previously conducted randomised trial. BMJ 2006; 332: 1426
50. Foster MC, Hwang SJ, Larson MG, et al. Cross-classification of microalbuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate: associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and clinical outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1386-92.
51. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 604-12.
52. Levey AS, Cattran D, Friedman A, et al. Proteinuria as a surrogate outcome in CKD: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and the US Food and Drug Administration. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 54: 205-26.
53. Jones-Burton C, Mishra SI, Fink JC, et al. An in-depth review of the evidence linking dietary salt intake and progression of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2006; 26: 268-75.