Smoking status and urine cadmium above levels associated with subclinical renal effects in U.S. adults without chronic kidney disease

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Volumn 214, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Mortensen, Mary Ellen ^a   Wong, Lee Yang ^a   Osterloh, John D ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

NHANES; Renal effects; Smoking; Tobacco; Urine cadmium

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HUMAN; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASE; MALE; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SMOKING; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES; URINE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; CADMIUM; FEMALE; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 79960255403     PISSN: 14384639     EISSN: 1618131X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.03.004     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Akesson A., Lundh T., Vahter M., Bellerup P., Lidfeldt J., Nerbrand C., et al. Tubular and glomerular kidney effects in Swedish women with low environmental cadmium exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 13:1627-1631.
2. Becker K., Schulz C., Kaus S., Siewert M., Siefert B. German environmental survey 1998 (GerES III): environmental pollutants in the urine of the German population. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2003, 206:15-24.
3. Berglund M., Akesson A., Nermell B., Vahter M. Intestinal absorption of dietary cadmium in women depends on body iron stores and fiber intake. Environ. Health Perspect. 1994, 102:1058-1066.
4. Bernert J.T., McGuffey J.E., Morrison M.A., Pirkle J.L. Comparison of serum and salivary cotinine measurements by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method as an indicator of exposure to tobacco smoke among smokers and nonsmokers. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24:333-339.
5. Caldwell K.L., Hartel J., Jarrett J., Jones R.L. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure multiple toxic elements in urine in NHANES 1999-2000. At. Spectrosc. 2005, 26(1):1-7.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals 2009, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, Available: http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/ (accessed 9.11.10).
7. Chavers B.M., Simonson J., Michael A.F. A solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay for the measurement of human urinary albumin. Kidney Int. 1984, 25:576-578.
8. Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A., Manzi J., Kusek J.W., Eggers P., et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007, 298(17):2038-2047.
9. Crump K. A new method for determining allowable daily intakes. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1984, 4:854-871.
10. Diamond G.L., Thayer W.C., Choudhury H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling of risks of kidney toxicity from exposure to cadmium: estimates of dietary risks in the U.S. population. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2003, 66(Pt A):2141-2164.
11. Elinder C.D., Kjellstrom T., Lind B., Linnman L., Piscator M., Sundstedt K. Cadmium exposure from smoking cigarettes: variations with time and country where purchased. Environ. Res. 1983, 32:220-227.
12. Ellis K.J., Vartsky D., Zanzi I., Cohn S.H., Yasumura S. Cadmium: in vivo measurement in smokers and nonsmokers. Science 1979, 205:323-325.
13. Ezaki T., Tsukahara T., Moriguchi J., Furuki K., Fukui Y., Ukai H., et al. No clear-cut evidence for cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction among over 10,000 women in the Japanese general population: a nationwide large-scale survey. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2003, 76:186-196.
14. Ferraro P.M., Costanzi S., Naticchia A., Sturniolo A., Gambaro G. Low level exposure to cadmium increases the risk of chronic kidney disease: analysis of the NHANES 1999-2006. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:304. 10.1186/1471-2458-10-304.
15. Friberg L., Piscator M., Nordberg G.F., Kjellstrom T. Occurrence, possible routes of exposure, and daily intake. Cadmium in the Environment 1974, CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, pp. 9-21. 2nd ed.
16. Galazyn-Sidorczuk M., Brzoska M.M., Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Estimation of Polish cigarettes contamination with cadmium and lead, and exposure to these metals via smoking. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2008, 137(1-3):481-493.
17. Guan A., Chai T., Zhang Y., Xu J., Wei W. Enhancement of Cd tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a Cd-induced catalase cDNA. Chemosphere 2009, 76:623-630.
18. Hammond D., O'Connor R.J. Constituents in tobacco and smoke emissions from Canadian cigarettes. Tob. Control 2008, 17(Suppl. I):i24-i31.
19. Hayano M., Nogawa K., Kido T., Kobayashi E., Honda R., Turitani I. Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium concentration and β2-microglobulinuria using logistic regression analysis. Arch. Environ. Health 1996, 51(2):162-167.
20. Health Canada Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) August 2010, Available: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/chms-ecms/index-eng.php (accessed 7.3.11).
21. Hippisley-Cox J., Coupland C. Predicting the risk of chronic kidney disease in men and women in England and Wales; prospective derivation and external validation of the QKidney scores. BMC Fam. Pract. 2010, 11:49-61.
22. Hornung R.W., Reed L.D. Estimation of average concentration in the presence of non-detectable values. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1990, 5:48-51.
23. Ikeda M., Moriguchi J., Ezaki T., Fukui Y., Ukai H., Okamoto S., et al. Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2005, 78:533-540.
24. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Environmental Health Criteria 135. Cadmium-Environmental Aspects 1992, World Health Organization, Geneva, Available: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc135.htm#SubSectionNumber:3.3.3 (accessed 7.3.11).
25. Ishizaka N., Ishizaka Y., Shimomura T.E., Koike K., Seki G., Nagai R., et al. Association between cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease in Japanese men. Hypertens. Res. 2008, 31(3):485-492.
26. Jarup L., Hellstrom L., Alfven T., Carlsson M.D., Grubb A., Persson B., et al. Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study. Occup. Environ. Med. 2000, 57:668-672.
27. Jin T., Nordberg G., Ye T., Bo M., Wang H., Zhu G., et al. Osteoporosis and renal dysfunction in a general population exposed to cadmium in China. Environ. Res. 2004, 96:353-359.
28. Komaromy-Hiller G., Ash K.O., Costa R., Howerto K. Comparison of representative ranges based on U.S. patient population and literature reference intervals for urinary trace elements. Clin. Chim. Acta 2000, 296:71-90.
29. Kramer U. Phytoremediation: novel approaches to cleaning up polluted soils. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2005, 16:133-141.
30. Levey A.S., Coresh J., Balk E., Kausz A.T., Levin A., Steffes M.W., et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann. Intern. Med. 2003, 139:137-147. (Erratum in: Ann. Intern. Med. 139 (7) (2003) 605).
31. Levey A.S., Coresh J., Greene T., Stevens L.A., Zhang Y., Hendricksen S., et al. Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann. Intern. Med. 2006, 145:247-254.
32. Liang H.M., Lin T.H., Chiou J.M., Yeh K.C. Model evaluation of the phytoextraction potential of heavy metal hyperacumulators and non-hyperaccumulators. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157(6):1945-1952.
33. Limpatanachote P., Swaddiwudhipong W., Mahasakpan P., Krintratun S. Cadmium-exposed population in Mae Sot District, Tak Province: 2. Prevalence of renal dysfunction in the adults. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2009, 92:1345-1353.
34. Maaroufi Dguimi H., Debouba M., Ghorbel M.H., Gouia H. Tissue-specific cadmium accumulation and its effects on nitrogen metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum Bureley v. Fb9). C. R. Biol. 2009, 332(1):58-68.
35. McElroy J.A., Shafer M.M., Hampton J.M., Newcomb P.A. Predictors of urinary cadmium levels in adult females. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 382:214-223.
36. McElroy J.A., Shafer M.M., Trentham-Dietz A., Hampton J.M., Newcomb P.A. Urinary cadmium levels and tobacco smoke exposure in women age 20-69 years in the United States. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2007, 70:1779-1782.
37. Menden E.E., Elia V.J., Michael L.W., Petering H.G. Distribution of cadmium and nickel of tobacco during cigarette smoking. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6:830-832.
38. Moriguchi J., Ezaki T., Tsukahara T., Furuki K., Fukui Y., Okamoto S., et al. α1-Microglobulin as a promising marker of cadmium-induced tubular dysfunction, possibly better than α2-microglobulin. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 148:11-20.
39. Noonan C.W., Sarasua S.M., Campagna D., Kathman S.J., Lybarger J.A., Mueller P.W. Effects of exposure to low levels of environmental cadmium on renal biomarkers. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110:151-155.
40. Nordberg G.F., Nordberg M. Biological monitoring of cadmium. Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals 2001, 151-168. Plenum Press, New York. T.W. Clarkson, L. Friberg, G.F. Nordberg, P.R. Sager (Eds.).
41. Olsson I.-M., Bensryd I., Lundh T., Ottosson H., Skerfving S., Oskarsson A. Cadmium in blood and urine - effect of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking - association of renal effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110:1185-1190.
42. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Substance Safety Data Sheet - Cadmium - Standard Number 1910.1027 App A. 57 FR 42389, Sept. 14, 1992, as amended at 58 FR 21781, Apr. 23, 1993 1993, United States Department of Labor. Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR), Available: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10036&p_table=STANDARDS (accessed 9.9.10).
43. Pirkle J.L., Flegal K.M., Bernert J.T., Brody D.J., Etzel R.A., Maurer K.R. Exposure of the U.S. population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. JAMA 1996, 275:1233-1240.
44. Roels H.A., Hoet P., Lison D. Usefulness of biomarkers of exposure to inorganic mercury, lead, or cadmium in controlling occupational and environmental risks of nephrotoxicity. Ren. Fail. 1999, 21:251-262.
45. Satarug S., Moore M.R. Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112:1099-1103.
46. Satarug S., Ujjin P., Vanavanitkun Y., Baker J.R., Moore M.R. Influence of body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium body burden of healthy Thai women and men. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 148:177-185.
47. Schutte R., Nawrot T.S., Richart T., Thijs L., Vanderschueren D., Kuznetsova T., et al. Bone resorption and environmental exposure to cadmium in women: a population study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:777-783.
48. Sharma R.P., Kjellstron T., McKenzie J.M. Cadmium in blood and urine among smokers and non-smokers with high cadmium intake via food. Toxicology 1983, 29:163-171.
49. Stack A.G., Murthy B.V.R. Cigarette use and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: an unappreciated modifiable lifestyle risk factor. Semin. Dial. 2010, 23(3):298-305.
50. Staessen J., Amery A., Bernard A., Bruaux P., Buchet P., Bulpitt C.J., et al. Blood pressure, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and exposure to cadmium: a population study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1991, 134:257-267.
51. Staessen J.A., Buchet J.-P., Ginucchio G., Lauwerys R.R., Lijnen P., Roels H., et al. Public health implications of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead: an overview of epidemiological studies in Belgium. J. Cardiovasc. Risk 1996, 3:26-41.
52. Suwazono Y., Kobayashi E., Okubo Y., Nogawa K., Kido T., Nakagawa H. Renal effects of cadmium exposure in cadmium nonpolluted areas in Japan. Environ. Res. (Sect. A) 2000, 84:44-55.
53. Suwazono Y., Sand S., Vahter M., Filipsson A.F., Skerfving S., Lidfeldt J., et al. Benchmark dose for cadmium-induced renal effects in humans. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114:1072-1076.
54. Watanabe T., Kasahara M., Nakatsuka H., Ikeda M. Cadmium and lead contents of cigarettes produced in various areas of the world. Sci. Total Environ. 1987, 66:29-37.
55. World Health Organization (WHO) Cadmium. Environmental Health Criteria 134 1992, WHO, Geneva, Available: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc134.htm (accessed 9.11.10).
56. Zaprjanova P., Dospatliev I., Angelova V., Ivanov K. Correlation between soil characteristics and lead and cadmium content in the aboveground biomass of Virginia tobacco. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2010, 63:253-261.