Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 112, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 1099-1103

  Satarug, Soisungwan ^a   Moore, Michael R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b QUEENSLAND HEALTH   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bone density; Cadmium; Calcium; Cancer; Dietary intake; Estrogen; Food legislation; Iron; Maximum limit; Nephrotoxicant; Proteinuria; Zinc

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CIGARETTE SMOKE; FOOD ADDITIVE;

ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE DISEASE; BONE MINERAL; CADMIUM POISONING; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; CANCER RISK; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DIETARY INTAKE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; KIDNEY CORTEX; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; LIVER TOXICITY; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; NEPHROTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; ZINC DEFICIENCY;

EID: 3543105592     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6751     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Achanzar WE, Diwan BA, Liu J, Quader ST, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. 2001. Cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Res 61:455-458.
2. Alfven T, Elinder CG, Carlsson MD, Grubb A, Hellstrom L, Persson B, et al. 2000. Low-lavel cadmium exposure and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 15:1579-1586.
3. Alfven T, Jarup L, Elinder CG. 2002. Cadmium and lead in blood in relation to low bone mineral density and tubular proteinuria. Environ Health Perspect 110:699-702.
4. Aoshima K, Fan J, Cai Y, Katoh T, Teranishi H, Kasuya M. 2003. Assessment of bone metabolism in cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction by measurements of biochemical markers. Toxicol Lett 136:183-192.
5. Arisawa K, Nakano A, Saito H, Lin XJ, Yokoo M, Soda M, et al. 2001. Mortality and cancer incidence among a population previously exposed to environmental cadmium. Intl Arch Occup Environ Health 74:255-262.
6. Band PR, Le ND, Fang R, Deschamps M. 2002. Carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of cigarette smoke and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 360:1044-1049.
7. Benedetti JL, Samuel O, Dewailly E, Gingras S, Lefebvre MA. 1999. Levels of cadmium in kidney and liver tissues among a Canadian population (Province of Quebec). J Toxicol Environ Health 56:145-163.
8. Berg T, Licht D. 2002. International legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food: a review. Food Addit Contam 19:916-927.
9. Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Roels H, Bernard A, Bruaux P, Claeys F, et al. 1990. Renal effects of cadmium body burden of the general population. Lancet 336:699-702.
10. 3 metabolites in smelter workers exposed to lead and cadmium. Occup Environ Med 55:446-452.
11. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2000. Report of the 32nd Session of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants. ALINORM 01/12A, Rome:Codex Alimentarius Commission.
12. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2003. Report of the 35th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants. ALINORM 03/12A, Rome:Codex Alimentarius Commission.
13. Ekman P. 1999. Genetic and environmental factors in prostate cancer genesis: identifying high-risk cohorts. Eur Urol 35:362-369.
14. Hellstrom L, Elinder CG, Dahlberg B, Lundberg M, Jarup L, Persson B, et al. 2001. Cadmium and end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 38:1001-1008.
15. Honda R, Tawara K, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Tanabe K, Saito S. 2003. Cadmium exposure and trace elements in human breast milk. Toxicology 186:255-259.
16. Hu J, Mao Y, White K, and the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. 2002. Renal cell carcinoma and occupational exposure to chemicals in Canada. Occup Med 52:157-164.
17. IARC. 1993. Cadmium and cadmium compounds. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 58:119-238.
18. Ikeda M, Zhang Z-W, Moon C-S, Shimbo S, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka N, et al. 2000. Possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on kidney function in the Japanese general population. Int Arch Environ Health 73:15-25.
19. Ingles SA, Ross RK, Yu MC, Irvine RA, La Pera G, Haile RW, et al. 1997. Association of prostate cancer risk with genetic polymophism in vitamin D receptor and androgen receptor. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:166-170.
20. IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety). 1992. Cadmium. Environmental Health Criteria 134. Geneva:World Health Organization. Available: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc134.htm [accessed 4 May 2004].
21. Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder C, Nordberg G, Vahter M. 1998. Health effects of cadmium exposure - a review of literature and a risk estimate. Scand J Work Environ Health 24(suppl 1):1-52.
22. Jin T, Nordberg M, Frech W, Dumont X, Bernard A, Ye T, et al. 2002. Cadmium biomonitoring and renal dysfunction among a population environmentally exposed to cadmium from smelting in China (ChinaCad). Biometals 15:397-410.
23. Jin YH, Clark AB, Slebos RJC, Al-Refai H, Taylor JA, Kunkel TA, et al. 2003. Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair. Nat Genet 34:326-329.
24. Johnson MD, Kenney N, Stoica A, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Singh B, Chepko G, et al. 2003. Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland. Nat Med 9:1081-1084.
25. Kikuchi Y, Nomiyama T, Kumagai N, Dekio F, Uemura T, Takebayashi T, et al. 2003. Uptake of cadmium in meals from digestive tract of young non-smoking Japanese female volunteers. J Occup Health 45:43-52.
26. Kikuchi Y, Nomiyama T, Kumagai N, Uemura T, Omae K. 2002. Cadmium concentration in current Japanese foods and beverages. J Occup Health 44:240-247.
27. Kobayashi E, Okubo Y, Suwazono Y, Kido T, Nogawa K. 2002. Dose-response relationship between total cadmium intake calculated from the cadmium concentration in rice collected from each household of farmers and renal dysfunction in inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin, Japan. J Appl Toxicol 22:431-436.
28. Kruzynski GM. 2004. Cadmium in oysters and scallops: the BC experience. Toxicol Lett 148:159-169.
29. Lamprecht SA, Lipkin M. 2003. Chemoprevenation of colon cancer by calcium, vitamin D and folate: molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 3:601-614.
30. Lyon TD, Patriarca M, Howatson G, Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Fell GS. 2002. Age dependence of potentially toxic elements (Sb, Cd, Pb, Ag) in human liver tissue from paediatric subjects. J Environ Monit 4:1034-1039.
31. Nakagawa H, Nishijo M. 1996. Environmental cadmium exposure, hypertension and cardiovascular risk. J Cardiovasc Risk 3:11-17.
32. Nakamura K, Yasunaga Y, Ko D, Xu LL, Moul JW, Peehl DM, et al. 2002. Cadmium-induced neoplastic transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. Int J Oncol 20:543-547.
33. Nasreddine L, Parent-Massin D. 2002. Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the European Union. Should we worry? Toxicol Lett 127:29-41.
34. Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Honda R, Tanabe K, Saito S, Teranishi K, et al. 2002. Effects of maternal exposure to cadmium on pregnancy and breast milk. Occup Environ Med 59:394-397.
35. Nishijo M, Satarug S, Honda R, Tsuritani I, Aoshima K. 2004. The gender differences in health effects of environmental cadmium exposure and potential mechanisms. Mol Cell Biochem 255:87-92.
36. Nordberg G, Jin T, Bernard A, Fierens S, Buchet JP, Ye T, et al. 2002. Low bone density and renal dysfunction following environmental cadmium exposure in China. Ambio 31:478-481.
37. Olsson IM, Bensryd I, Lundh T, Ottosson H, Skerfving S, Oskarsson A. 2002. Cadmium in blood and urine-impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking - association with renal effects. Environ Health Perspect 110:1185-1190.
38. Pesch B, Haerting J, Ranft U, Klimpel A, Oelschlagel B, Schill W, et al. 2000. Occupational risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: agent-specific results from a case-control study in Germany. Int J Epidemiol 29:1014-1024
39. Satarug S, Baker JR, Reilly PEB, Esumi H, Moore MR. 2000b. Evidence for a synergistic interaction between cadmium and endotoxin toxicity and for nitric oxide and cadmium displacement of metals in the kidney. Nitric Oxide 4:431-440.
40. Satarug S, Baker JR, Reilly PEB, Moore MR, Williams DJ. 2002. Cadmium levels in the lung, liver, kidney cortex and urine samples from Australians without occupational exposure to metals. Arch Environ Health 57:69-77.
41. Satarug S, Baker JR, Urbenjapol S, Haswell-Elkins MR, Reilly PEB, Williams DJ, et al. 2003. A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population. Toxicol Lett 137:65-83.
42. Satarug S, Haswell-Elkins MR, Moore MR. 2000a. Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects. Br J Nutr 84:791-802.
43. Satarug S, Ujjin P, Vanavanitkun Y, Baker JR, Moore MR. 2004. Influence of body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium body burden of healthy Thai women and men. Toxicol Lett 148:177-185.
44. Staessen JA, Roels H, Emelianov D, Kuznetsova T, Thijs L, Vangronsveld J, et al. 1999. Environmental exposure to cadmium, forearm bone density, and risk of fracture: prospective population study. Lancet 353:1140-1144.
45. Storelli MM, Marcotrigiano GO. 2001. Consumption of bivalve molluscs in Italy: estimated intake of cadmium and lead. Food Addit Contam 18:303-307.
46. Tallkvist J, Bowlus CL, Lonnerdal B. 2001. DMT1 gene expression and cadmium absorption in human absorptive enterocytes. Toxicol Lett 122:171-177.
47. Vahter M, Berglund M, Akesson A, Liden C. 2002. Metals and women's health. Environ Res 88:145-155.
48. Waalkes MP. 2003. Cadmium carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 533:107-120.
49. WHO. 1989. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants (Thirty-third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series No. 776. Geneva:World Health Organization.
50. WHO. 1993. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants (Fourty-first Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series No. 837. Geneva:World Health Organization.
51. Wu X, Jin T, Wang Z, Ye T, Kong Q, Nordberg G. 2001. Urinary calcium as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in a general population exposed to cadmium. J Occup Environ Med 43:898-904.
52. Yoshida M, Ohta H, Yamauchi Y, Seki Y, Sagi M, Yamazaki K, et al. 1998. Age-dependent changes in metallothionein levels in liver and kidney of the Japanese. Biol Trace Element Res 63:167-175.
53. Zoller H, Koch RO, Theurl I, Obrist P, Pietrangeelo A, Montosi G, et al. 2001. Expression of the duodenal iron transporters divalent-metal transporter 1 and ferroprotin 1 in iron deficiency and iron overload. Gastroenterology 120:1412-1419.
54. Zoller H, Pietrangelo A, Vogel W, Weiss G. 1999. Duodenal metal transporter (DMT1, Nramp-2) expression in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Lancet 353:2120-2123.