Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample

Learning and Individual Differences

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 327-336

  Best, John R ^a   Miller, Patricia H ^b   Naglieri, Jack A ^c  

^a University of Georgia ^*  (United States)

^b SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Academic achievement; Adolescence; Childhood; Executive function

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960030517     PISSN: 10416080     EISSN: 18733425     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.007     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Altemeier L., Jones J., Abbott R.D., Berninger V.W. Executive functions in becoming writing readers and reading writers: Note taking and report writing in third and fifth graders. Developmental Neuropsychology 2006, 29:161-173.
2. Anderson P. Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology 2002, 8:71-82.
3. Asato M.R., Sweeney J.A., Luna B. Cognitive processes in the development of TOL performance. Neuropsychologia 2004, 44:2259-2269.
4. Berg W.K., Byrd D.L. The Tower of London spatial problem solving task: Enhancing clinical and research implementation. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychology 2002, 25:586-604.
5. Berg W.K., Byrd D.L., McNamara J.P.H., MacDonald C.A. New indices of planning abilities using the Tower of London task. The Quantified Process Approach to Neuropsychological Assessment 2006, Taylor & Francis, New York, NY. A.M. Poreh (Ed.).
6. Best J.R., Miller P.H. A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Development 2010, 81:1641-1660.
7. Best J.R., Miller P.H., Jones L.L. Executive functions after age 5: Changes and correlates. Developmental Review 2009, 29:180-200.
8. Blair C., Diamond A. Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Development and Psychopathology 2008, 20:899-911.
9. Blair C., Razza R.P. Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in Kindergarten. Child Development 2007, 78:647-663.
10. Bull R., Espy K.A., Senn T.E. A comparison of performance on the Towers of London and Hanoi in young children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004, 45:743-754.
11. Bull R., Espy K.A., Wiebe S.A. Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: Longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7years. Developmental Neuropsychology 2008, 33:205-228.
12. Bull R., Scerif G. Executive functioning as a predictor of children's mathematics ability: Inhibition, switching, and working memory. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 19:273-293.
13. Carlson S.M., Moses L.J. Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind. Child Development 2001, 72:1032-1053.
14. Casey B.J., Trainor R.J., Orendi J.L., Schubert A.B., Nystrom L.E., Giedd J.N., et al. A developmental functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a go-no-go task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1997, 9:835-847.
15. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. 2nd ed.
16. Cohen G.N., Bronson M.B., Casey M.B. Planning as a factor in school achievement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 1995, 16:405-528.
17. Crone E.A., Somsen R.J.M., Zanolie K., van der Molen M.W. A heart rate analysis of developmental change in feedback processing and rule shifting from childhood to early adulthood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2006, 95:99-116.
18. Das J.P., Naglieri J.A., Kirby J.R. Assessment of cognitive processes: The PASS theory of intelligence 1994, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
19. Davidson M.C., Amso D., Anderson L.C., Diamond A. Development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13years: Evidence from manipulations of memory, inhibition, and task switching. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2037-2078.
20. Diamond A., Barnett W.S., Thomas J., Munro S. Preschool program improves cognitive control. Science 2007, 318:1387-1388.
21. Diamond A., Bialystock E., Craik F.I.M. The early development of executive functions. The early development of executive functions. Lifespan cognition: Mechanisms of change 2006, 70-95. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
22. Durston S., Davidson M.C., Tottenham N., Galvan A., Spicer J., Fossella J.A., et al. A shift from diffuse to focal cortical activity with development. Developmental Science 2006, 9:1-20.
23. Espy K.A., McDiarmid M.M., Cwik M.F., Stalets M.M., Hamby A., Senn T.E. The contribution of executive functions to emergent mathematic skills in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004, 26:465-486.
24. Friedman N.P., Miyake A., Young S.E., DeFries J.C., Corley R.P., Hewitt J.K. Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General 2008, 137:201-225.
25. Garon N., Bryson S.E., Smith I.M. Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin 2008, 134:31-60.
26. George J., Greenfield D. Examination of a structured problem-solving flexibility task for assessing approaches to learning in young children: Relation to teacher ratings and children's achievement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2005, 26(1):69-84.
27. Gogtay N., Giedd J.N., Lusk L., Hayashi K.M., Greenstein D., Vaituzis A.C., et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 2004, 101:8174-8179.
28. Haddad F.A., Garcia Y.E., Naglieri J.A., Grimditch M., McAndrews A., Eubanks J. Planning facilitation and reading comprehension: Instructional relevance of the PASS theory. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2003, 21:282-289.
29. Hitch G., Towse J., Hutton U. What limits children's working memory span? Theoretical accounts and applications for scholastic development. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2001, 130(2):184-198.
30. Huizinga M., Dolan C., Molen M.W. Age-related change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2017-2036.
31. Huizinga M., van der Molen M.W. Age-group differences in set-switching and set-maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Developmental Neuropsychology 2007, 31:193-215.
32. Iseman, J. & Naglieri, J. A. (in press). A cognitive strategy instruction to improve math calculation for children with ADHD: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Learning Disabilities.
33. Klenberg L., Korkman M., Lahti-Nuuttila P. Differential development of attention and executive functions in 3- to 12-year-old Finnish children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 20:407-428.
34. Korkman M. Introduction to the special issue on normal neuropsychological development in the school-age years. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 20:325-330.
35. Laux L.F., Lane D.M. Information processing components of substitution test performance. Intelligence 1985, 9:111-136.
36. Lehman E., Naglieri J., Aquilino S. A national study on the development of visual attention using the Cognitive Assessment System. Journal of Attention Disorders 2010, 14(1):15-24.
37. Lehto J.E., Juujärvi P., Kooistra L., Pulkkinen L. Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 2003, 21:59-80.
38. Luciana M., Conklin H.M., Hooper C.J., Yarger R.S. The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents. Child Development 2005, 76:697-712.
39. Luria A.R. Higher cortical functions in man 1966, Basic Books, NY.
40. Miller M., Hinshaw S. Does childhood executive function predict adolescent functional outcomes in girls with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: An official publication of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 2010, 38(3):315-326.
41. Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Emerson M.J., Witzki A.H., Howerter A., Wager T.D. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 2000, 41:49-100.
42. Müller U., Lieberman D., Frye D., Zelazo P.D. Executive function, school readiness, and school achievement. Applied Cognitive Research in K-3 Classrooms 2008, 41-84. Routledge, New York. S.K. Thurman, C.A. Fiorello (Eds.).
43. Munakata Y. Graded representations in behavioral dissociations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2001, 5:309-315.
44. Naglieri J.A. The Cognitive Assessment System. Contemporary Intellectual Assessment 2005, 441-460. Guilford, New York. Second ed. D.P. Flanagan, P.L. Harrison (Eds.).
45. Naglieri J.A., Das J.P. Cognitive assessment system 1997, ProEd, Austin, TX.
46. Naglieri J.A., Das J.P. Cognitive assessment system interpretive handbook 1997, ProEd, Austin, TX.
47. Naglieri J.A., Das J.P. Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive (PASS) theory: A revision of the concept of intelligence. Contemporary intellectual assessment 2005, 136-182. Guilford, New York. Second ed. D.P. Flanagan, P.L. Harrison (Eds.).
48. Naglieri J.A., Gottling S.H. A cognitive education approach to math instruction for the learning disabled: An individual study. Psychological Reports 1995, 76:1343-1354.
49. Naglieri J.A., Gottling S.H. Mathematics instruction and PASS cognitive processes: An intervention study. Journal of Learning Disabilities 1997, 30:513-520.
50. Naglieri J.A., Johnson D. Effectiveness of a cognitive strategy intervention to improve math calculation based on the PASS theory. Journal of Learning Disabilities 2000, 33:591-597.
51. Naglieri J.A., Prewett P.N., Bardos A.N. An exploratory study of planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive cognitive processes. Journal of School Psychology 1989, 27:347-364.
52. Naglieri J.A., Rojahn J. Gender differences in Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) cognitive processes and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology 2001, 93:430-437.
53. Naglieri J.A., Rojahn J. Construct validity of the PASS theory and CAS: Correlations with achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology 2004, 96:174-181.
54. Protopapas A., Archonti A., Skaloumbakas C. Reading ability is negatively related to Stroop interference. Cognitive Psychology 2007, 54:251-282.
55. Reitan R.M. Trail making test results for normal and brain-damaged children. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1971, 33:575-581.
56. Roberts R.J., Pennington B.F. An interactive framework for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental Neuropsychology 1996, 12:105-126.
57. Romine C.B., Reynolds C.R. A model of the development of frontal lobe function: Findings from a meta-analysis. Applied Neuropsychology 2005, 12:190-201.
58. Rueda M.R., Rothbart M.K., McCandliss B.D., Saccomanno L., Posner M.I. Training, maturation, and genetic influences on the development of executive attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 2005, 102:14931-14936.
59. Schneider W., Shiffrin R. Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search and attention. Psychological Review 1977, 84:1-66.
60. Sikora D.M., Haley P., Edwards J., Butler R.W. Tower of London test performance in children with poor arithmetic skills. Developmental Neuropsychology 2002, 21:243-254.
61. Somsen R.J.M. The development of attention regulation in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Developmental Science 2007, 10:664-680.
62. St.Clair-Thompson H.L., Gathercole S.E. Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2006, 59:745-759.
63. Thorell L.B., Lindqvist S., Bergman S., Bohlin G., Klingberg T. Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children. Developmental Science 2008, 11:969-976.
64. van der Schoot M., Licht R., Horsley T.M., Sergeant J.A. Inhibitory deficits in reading disability depend on subtype: Guessers but not spellers. Child Neuropsychology 2000, 6:297-312.
65. van der Sluis S., de Jong P.F., van der Leij A. Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic. Intelligence 2007, 35:427-449.
66. Winsler A., Naglieri J.A., Manfra L. Children's search strategies and accompanying verbal and motor strategic behavior: Developmental trends and relations with task performance among children age 5 to 17. Cognitive Development 2006, 21:232-248.
67. Woodcock R.W., Johnson M.B. Woodcock-Johnson Revised tests of cognitive ability: Standard and supplemental batteries 1989, Riverside Publishing, Itasca, IL.
68. Zelazo P.D., Muller U., Frye D., Marcovitch S. The development of executive function in early childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 2003, 68. Serial No. 274.
69. Zelazo P.D., Müller U., Frye D., Marcovitch S. The development of executive function. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 2003, 68:11-27.