The nature of Executive Function (EF) deficits in daily life activities in adults with ADHD and their relationship to performance on EF tests

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 137-158

  Barkley, Russell A ^a,c   Murphy, Kevin R ^b  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b Adult ADHD Clinic of Central Massachusetts   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

ADHD; Adults; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Executive functioning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL TEST; RATING SCALE; SELF ACTIVATION CONCENTRATION; SELF DISCIPLINE; SELF MANAGEMENT TO TIME; SELF MOTIVATION; SELF ORGANIZATION PROBLEM SOLVING; SELF REPORT; VALIDITY;

EID: 79960005578     PISSN: 08822689     EISSN: 15733505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10862-011-9217-x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Knight, C., & Henman, C. (2003). Ecological validity a simplified version of the multiple errands shopping test. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 31-44. (Pubitemid 36150136)
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2001). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 71-82.
4. Anderson, V. A., Anderson, P., Northam, E., Jacobs, R., & Milkiewicz, O. (2002). Relationships between cognitive and behavioral measures of executive function in children with brain disease. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 231-240. (Pubitemid 36577924)
5. Badre, D. (2008). Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro-caudal organization of the frontal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 193-200.
6. Barkley, R. A. (1997a). Inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
7. Barkley, R. A. (1997b/2001). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: Guilford.
8. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
9. Barkley, R. A. (2011a). The Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale. New York: Guilford.
10. Barkley, R. A. (2011b). Executive functioning in daily life activities: Indictment, integration, extended phenotype, and implications. New York: Guilford.
11. Barkley, R. A., & Biederman, J. (1997). Towards a broader definition of the age-of-onset criterion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1204-1210. (Pubitemid 27381276)
12. Barkley, R. A., & Cox, D. J. (2007). A review of driving risks and impairments associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the effects of stimulant medication on driving performance. Journal of Safety Research, 38, 113-128. (Pubitemid 46321543)
13. Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2011). Predicting impairment in occupational functioning in hyperactive children as adults: self-reported executive function (EF) deficits vs. EF tests. Developmental Neuropsychology.
14. rd eds.). New York: Guilford.
15. Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Impairment in occupational functioning in adult ADHD: the predictive utility of executive function (EF) ratings versus EF tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 157-173.
16. Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Bush, T. (2001). Time estimation and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychology, 15, 351-360.
17. Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2002). Persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder into adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 279-289.
18. Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Fischer, M. (2008). ADHD in adults: What the science says. New York: Guilford.
19. Biederman, J., Petty, C., Fried, R., Fontanella, J., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., et al. (2006). Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1730-1738. (Pubitemid 44522481)
20. Biederman, J., Petty, C. R., Fried, R., Black, S., Faneuil, A., Doyle, A. E., et al. (2008). Discordance between psychometric testing and questionnaire-based definitions of executive function deficits in individuals with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 92-102.
21. Boonstra, A. M., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1097-1108. (Pubitemid 41103002)
22. Botvinick, M. M. (2008). Hierarchical models of behavior and prefrontal function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 201-208.
23. Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Evans, J., Emslie, H., & Wilson, B. A. (1998). The ecological validity of tests of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 547-558. (Pubitemid 29043460)
24. Castellanos, X., Sonuga-Barke, E., Milham, M., & Tannock, R. (2006). Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 117-123.
25. Chaytor, N., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Burr, R. (2006). Improving the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 217-227.
26. Conners, C. K. (1995). The Conners continuous performance test. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems.
27. Denckla, M. B. (1996). A theory and model of executive function: a neuropsychological perspective. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, and executive function (pp. 263-278). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
28. Derogatis, L. (1986). Manual for the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Baltimore: Author.
29. Egeland, J., & Kovalik-Gran, I. (2010). Measuring several aspects of attention in one test: the factor structure of the Conners' continuous performance test. Journal of Attention Disorders, 13, 339-357.
30. Eslinger, P. J. (1996). Conceptualizing, describing, and measuring components of executive function: A summary. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, and executive function (pp. 367-395). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
31. Fedele, D. A., Hartung, C. M., Canu, W. H., & Wilkowski, B. M. (2010). Potential symptoms of ADHD for emerging adults. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 385-396.
32. Fischer, M., Barkley, R. A., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2004). Hyperactive children as young adults: deficits in inhibition, attention, and response perseveration and their relationship to severity of childhood and current ADHD and conduct disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 107-133.
33. Frazier, T. W., Demareem, H. A., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2004). Meta-analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 18, 543-555. (Pubitemid 38944390)
34. Fuster, J. M. (1997). The prefrontal cortex. New York: Raven.
35. Gilotty, L., Kenworthy, L., Sirian, L., Black, D. O., & Wagner, A. E. (2002). Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 241-248. (Pubitemid 36577925)
36. Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). BRIEF: Behavior rating inventory of executive function professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
37. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
38. Heaton, R. K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin card sorting test. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
39. Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F. (2004). Neuropsychology of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18, 495-503.
40. Hirschi, T. (2004). Self-control and crime. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 537-552). New York: Guilford.
41. Hollingshead, J. (1975). A four-factor index of social position. Author.
42. Jonsdottir, S., Bouma, A., Sergeant, J. A., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2006). Relationship between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 383-394. (Pubitemid 44247518)
43. Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R. A., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 716-723. (Pubitemid 44464584)
44. Lee, G. P., Strauss, E., Loring, D. W., McCloskey, L., Haworth, J. M., & Lehman, R. A. W. (1997). Sensitivity of figural fluency on the Five-Points Test to focal neurological dysfunction. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 59-68. (Pubitemid 27128478)
45. Luria, A. R. (1966). Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
46. Lyon, G. R., & Krasnegor, N. A. (Eds.). (1996). Attention, memory, and executive function. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
47. Mahone, E. M., Hagelthora, K. M., Cutting, L. E., Schuerholz, L. J., Pelletier, S. F., Rawlins, C., et al. (2002). Effects of IQ on executive function measures in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 52-65. (Pubitemid 36528837)
48. Mangeot, S., Armstrong, K., Colvin, A. N., Yeates, K., & Taylor, G. H. (2002). Long-term executive function deficits in children with traumatic brain injuries: assessment using the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF). Child Neuropsychology, 8, 271-284.
49. Marchetta, N. D. J., Hurks, P. P. M., Krabbendam, L., & Jolles, J. (2008). Interference control, working memory, concept shifting, and verbal fluency in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychology, 22, 74-84. (Pubitemid 351241122)
50. Marcus, B. (2003). An empirical examination of the construct validity of two alternative self-control measures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63, 674-706.
51. McGough, J. J., & Barkley, R. A. (2004). Diagnostic controversies in adult ADHD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1948-1956.
52. Mitchell, M., & Miller, S. (2008). Executive functioning and observed versus self-reported measures of functional ability. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 471-479. (Pubitemid 351892462)
53. Multi-Health Systems, Inc. (1995). The learning and memory battery. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
54. Murphy, K., & Barkley, R. A. (1996). ADHD in Adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37, 393-401.
55. Murphy, P., & Schachar, R. (2000). Use of self-ratings in the assessment of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1156-1159. (Pubitemid 30432499)
56. Murphy, K. R., Barkley, R. A., & Bush, T. (2001). Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 15, 211-220. (Pubitemid 32878633)
57. Nigg, J. T., Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., & Sonuga-Barke, J. S. (2005). Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes? Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1224-1230.
58. Regard, M., Strauss, E., & Knapp, P. (1982). Children's production on verbal and non-verbal fluency tasks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 123, 17-22.
59. Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2005). Behavior rating inventory of executive function - adult version. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
60. Ruff, R. M., Allen, C. C., Farrow, C. E., Nieman, H., & Wylie, T. (1994). Figural fluency: differential impairment in patients with left versus right frontal lesions. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 9, 41-55. (Pubitemid 24031173)
61. Sergeant, J. A. (2005). Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1248-1255.
62. Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114, 727-741.
63. Shipley, W. C. (1946). The Shipley Institute of living scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services, Inc.
64. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J., Gibbon, M., & First, M. B. (1995). The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID). New York: Biometric Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
65. Stavro, G. M., Ettenhofer, M. L., & Nigg, J. T. (2007). Executive functions and adaptive functioning in young adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 324-334. (Pubitemid 46487362)
66. Stroop, J. P. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
67. Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986). The frontal lobes. New York: Raven.
68. Trenerry, M., Crosson, B., Deboe, J., & Leber, W. (1989). Stroop neuropsychological screening test. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
69. Vazsonyi, A. T., & Huang, L. (2010). Where self-control comes from: on the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time. Developmental Psychology, 46, 243-257.
70. Vriezen, E. R., & Pigott, S. E. (2002). The relationship between parental report on the BRIEF and performance-based measures of executive function in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 296-303. (Pubitemid 36577929)
71. Welsh, M. C., & Pennington, B. F. (1988). Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 199-230.
72. Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336-1346. (Pubitemid 40798553)
73. Wood, R. L. I., & Liossi, C. (2006). The ecological validity of executive function tests in a severely brain injured sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 429-437.
74. Zachary, R. A. (1988). Institute of living scale - revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.