Targeting insulin-like growth factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of Hematology and Oncology

Volumn 4, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Wu, Jennifer ^a   Zhu, Andrew X ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINO 5 (3 BENZYLOXYPHENYL) 7 [3 (1 PYRROLIDINYLMETHYL)CYCLOBUTYL] 7H PYRROLO[2,3 D]PYRIMIDINE; ADW 742; AEW 541; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; AVE 1642; BIIB 022; BMS 554417; CIXUTUMUMAB; DALOTUZUMAB; ERLOTINIB; EVEROLIMUS; FIGITUMUMAB; GANITUMAB; INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 RECEPTOR INHIBITOR; INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE; LINSITINIB; MEDI 573; METFORMIN; NVP AEW 541; PROTEIN SHC; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; R 1507; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATOMEDIN B; SOMATOMEDIN B RECEPTOR; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 3; SOMATOMEDIN C; SOMATOMEDIN C RECEPTOR; SOMATOSTATIN; SORAFENIB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

ADENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA; ANGIOGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; BREAST CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOMA; COLORECTAL CANCER; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; EWING SARCOMA; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPHOMA; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; MESOTHELIOMA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PROSTATE CANCER; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOLID TUMOR; THYMOMA; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG ANTAGONISM; LIVER TUMOR; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR LIBRARY;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS; RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1; SMALL MOLECULE LIBRARIES; SOMATOMEDINS;

EID: 79959848106     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17568722     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-30     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Cancer statistics. A Jemal R Siegel E Ward Y Hao J Xu T Murray MJ Thun, CA Cancer J Clin 2008 58 71 96 10.3322/CA.2007.0010 18287387
2. The continuing increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: an update. HB El-Serag JA Davila NJ Petersen KA McGlynn, Ann Intern Med 2003 139 817 823 14623619
3. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the United States from 1975 to 2005. SF Altekruse KA McGlynn ME Reichman, J Clin Oncol 2009 27 1485 1491 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.7753 19224838
4. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. JM Llovet S Ricci V Mazzaferro P Hilgard E Gane JF Blanc AC de Oliverira A Santoro JL Raoul A Forner M Schwartz C Porta S Zeuzem L Bolondi TF Greten PR Galle JF Seitz I Borbath D Haussinger T Giannaris M Shan M Moscovici D Voliotis J Bruix, New Eng J Med 2008 359 378 390 10.1056/NEJMoa0708857 18650514
5. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AL Cheng YK Kang Z Chen CJ Tsao S Qin JS Kim R Lou J Feng S Ye TS Yang J Xu Y Sun H Liang J Liu J Wang WY Tak H Pan K Burock J Zou D Voliotis Z Guan, Lancet Oncol 2009 10 25 34 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70285-7 19095497
6. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia. M Pollak, Nature Rev Cancer 2008 8 915 928 10.1038/nrc2536
7. Structure and evolution of the insulin gene. DF Steiner SJ Chan JM Welsh SC Kwok, Annu Rev Genet 1985 19 463 484 10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.002335 3909947
8. Insulin and its receptor: structure, function and evolution. P De Meyts, Bioessays 2004 26 1351 1362 10.1002/bies.20151 15551269 (Pubitemid 39664629)
9. Quantitative mass spectrometry identifies insulin signaling targets in C. elegans. MQ Dong JD Venable N Au T Xu SK Park D Cociorva J Johnson A Dillin JR Yates, Science 2007 317 660 663 10.1126/science.1139952 17673661 (Pubitemid 47229964)
10. The role of insulin receptor signaling in zebrafish embryogenesis. Y Toyoshima C Monson C Duan Y Wu C Gao S Yakar KC Sadler D LeRoith, Endocrinology 2008 149 5996 6005 10.1210/en.2008-0329 18687786
11. The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. RJ Shaw KA Lamia D Vasquez SH Koo N Bardeesy RA Depinho M Montminy LC Cantley, Science 2005 310 1642 1646 10.1126/science.1120781 16308421 (Pubitemid 41780780)
12. Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia. M Pollak ES Schernhammer SE Hankinson, Nature Rev Cancer 2004 4 505 518 10.1038/nrc1387 (Pubitemid 38868620)
13. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. JI Jones DR Clemmons, Endocr Rev 1995 16 3 34 7758431
14. The effects of insulin-like growth factors on tumorigenesis and neoplastic growth. HM Khandwala IE McCutcheon A Flyvbjerg KE Friend, Endocr Rev 2000 21 215 244 10.1210/er.21.3.215 10857553 (Pubitemid 32275588)
15. Insulin-like growth factors and cancer. G Furstenberger HJ Senn, Lancet Oncol 2002 3 298 302 10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00731-3 12067807 (Pubitemid 34546447)
16. The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. D LeRoith CT Roberts Jr, Cancer Lett 2003 195 127 137 10.1016/S0304-3835(03)00159-9 12767520
17. Role of insulin receptors and IGF receptors in growth and development. KI Rother D Accili, Pediatr Nephrol 2000 14 558 561 10.1007/s004670000351 10912518 (Pubitemid 30394428)
18. The IGF axis and hepatocarcinogenesis. JG Scharf F Dombrowski G Ramadori, Mol Pathol 2001 54 138 144 10.1136/mp.54.3.138 11376124 (Pubitemid 32539603)
19. Liver-derived insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the principal source of IGF-I in blood but is not required for postnatal body growth in mice. K Sjogren JL Liu K Blad S Skrtic O Vidal V Wallenius D LeRoith J Törnell OG Isaksson JO Jansson C Ohlsson, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96 7088 7092 10.1073/pnas.96.12.7088 10359843 (Pubitemid 29275014)
20. Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. S Yakar JL Liu B Stannard A Butler D Accili B Sauer D LeRoith, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96 7324 7329 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7324 10377413 (Pubitemid 29299660)
21. The effects of insulin-like growth factors on tumorigenesis and neoplastic growth. HM Khandwala IE McCutcheon A Flyvbjerg KE Friend, Endocr Rev 2000 21 215 244 10.1210/er.21.3.215 10857553 (Pubitemid 32275588)
22. Insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term. LJ Vatten ST Nilsen RA Odegard PR Romundstad R Austgulen, Pediatrics 2002 109 1131 1135 10.1542/peds.109.6.1131 12042554 (Pubitemid 34587442)
23. mTOR as a target for cancer therapy. PJ Houghton S Huang, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2004 279 339 359 10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2-20 14560967 (Pubitemid 37047272)
24. Dietary restriction reduces IGF-1 levels, which modulates apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression in p53 deficient mice. SE Dunn FW Kari J French JR Leininger G Travlos R Wilson JC Barrett, Cancer Res 1997 57 4667 4672 9354418 (Pubitemid 27468963)
25. Fetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort. VA McCormack IdS Silva BL De Stavola R Mohsen DA Leon HO Lithell, British Med J 2003 326 248 251 10.1136/bmj.326.7383.248 (Pubitemid 36169585)
26. Self-reported birth weight and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. MS Sandhu R Luben NE Day KT Khaw, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 11 935 938 12223442 (Pubitemid 35014901)
27. High birthweight as a predictor of prostate cancer risk. G Tibblin M Eriksson S Cnattingius A Ekbom, Epidemiology 1995 6 423 424 10.1097/00001648- 199507000-00017 7548353
28. Height, leg length, and cancer risk: a systematic review. D Gunnell M Okasha GD Smith SE Oliver J Sandhu JM Holly, Epidemiol Rev 2001 23 313 342 12192740
29. Wild-type and mutant p53 differentially regulate transcription of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene. H Werner E Karnieli FJ Rauscher D LeRoith, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 8318 8323 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8318 8710868 (Pubitemid 26269555)
30. Molecular and cellular aspects of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. D LeRoith H Werner D Beitner-Johnson CT Roberts Jr, Endocr Rev 1995 2 143 163
31. AKT activation up-regulates insulin-like growth factor I receptor expression and promotes invasiveness of human pancreatic cancer cells. S Tanno Y Mitsuuchi DA Altomare DH Xiao JR Testa, Cancer Res 2001 61 589 593 11212254 (Pubitemid 32128619)
32. Insulin-like growth factor-I-induced migration of melanoma cells is mediated by interleukin-8 induction. K Satyamoorthy G Li B Vaidya J Kalabis M Herlyn, Cell Growth Differ 2002 13 87 93 11864912 (Pubitemid 34205516)
33. IGF-1 receptor signalling in transformation and differentiation. B Valentinis R Baserga, Mol Pathol 2001 54 133 137 10.1136/mp.54.3.133 11376123 (Pubitemid 32539602)
34. Overexpression of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor promotes ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation. M Kaleko WJ Rutter AD Miller, Mol Cell Biol 1999 10 464 473
35. Distinctive effects of the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor on its signalling functions. D Liu CS Zong LH Wang, J Virol 1993 67 6835 6840 7692086 (Pubitemid 23309157)
36. Constitutive expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor abrogates all requirements for exogenous growth factors. Z Pietrzkowski R Lammers G Carpenter AM Soderquist M Limardo PD Phillips A Ullrich R Baserga, Cell Growth Differ 1992 3 199 205 1325181
37. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen is unable to transform mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. C Sell M Rubini R Rubin JP Liu A Efstratiadis R Baserga, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90 11217 11221 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11217 8248231 (Pubitemid 23354400)
38. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igflr). JP Liu J Baker AS Perkins EJ Robertson A Efstratiadis, Cell 1993 75 5972
39. Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth. J Baker JP Liu EJ Robertson A Efstratiadis, Cell 1993 75 73 82 8402902 (Pubitemid 23306022)
40. Effect of a null mutation of the type 1 IGF receptor gene on growth and transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. C Sell G Dumenil C Deveaud M Miura D Coppola T DeAngelis R Rubin A Efstratiadis R Baserga, Mol Cell Biol 1994 14 3604 3612 8196606 (Pubitemid 24160768)
41. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling in transformation by src oncogenes. B Valentinis A Morrione SJ Taylor R Baserga, Mol Cell Biol 1997 17 3744 3754 9199308 (Pubitemid 27281849)
42. The contradictions of the IGF-I receptor. R Baserga, Oncogene 2000 19 5574 5581 10.1038/sj.onc.1203854 11114737
43. Inhibition of tumor growth by a dominant negative mutant of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor with the bystander effect. K Reiss C D'Ambrosio X Tu C Tu R Baserga, Clin Cancer Res 1988 4 2647 2655
44. The price of independence. R Baserga, Exp Cell Res 1997 236 1 3 10.1006/excr.1997.3732 9344579 (Pubitemid 27452343)
45. Mouse mutants lacking the type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R) are rescued from perinatal lethality in Igf2 and Igflr null backgrounds. T Ludwig J Eggenschwiler P Fisher AJ D'Ercole ML Davenport A Efstratiadis, Dev Biol 1996 177 517 535 10.1006/dbio.1996.0182 8806828 (Pubitemid 26275902)
46. Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibits apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hemopoietic cells. G Rodriguez-Tarduchy MKL Collins I Garcia A Lopez-Rivas, J Immunol 1992 149 535 540 1624800
47. Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and growth modulation in hepatoma cells by retinoic acid. DG Kim DY Lee BH Cho KR You MY Kim DS Ahn, Hepatology 1999 29 1091 1098 10.1002/hep.510290414 10094952
48. The IRS-1 signaling system. MF White, Curr Opin Genet Dev 1994 4 47 54 10.1016/0959-437X(94)90090-6 8193539 (Pubitemid 24060295)
49. Insulin-like growth factor I binding in hepatocytes from human liver, human hepatoma, and normal, regenerating, and fetal rat liver. JF Caro J Poulos O Ittoop WJ Pories EG Flickinger MK Sinha, J Clin Invest 1988 81 976 981 10.1172/JCI113451 2832449
50. Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor axis in a human hepatoma cell line (PLC). JG Scharf W Schmidt-Sandte SA Pahernik G Ramadori T Braulke H Hartmann, Carcinogenesis 1998 19 2121 2128 10.1093/carcin/19.12.2121 9886566 (Pubitemid 29010250)
51. Nutrition and somatomedin XXIX. Molecular regulation of IGFBP-1 in hepatocyte primary culture. BC Villafuerte S Goldstein DG Robertson CI Pao LJ Murphy LS Phillips, Diabetes 1992 41 835 842 10.2337/diabetes.41.7.835 1377136
52. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 is a novel therapeutic target associated with breast cancer. AI So RJ Levitt B Eigl L Fazli M Muramaki S Leung MC Cheang TO Nielsen M Gleave M Pollak, Clin Cancer Res 2008 14 6944 6954 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0408 18980989
53. Transcripts of the insulin-like growth factors I and II in human hepatoma. TS Su WY Liu SH Han M Jansen TL Yang-Fen FK P'eng CK Chou, Cancer Res 1989 49 1773 1777 2466561 (Pubitemid 19108403)
54. Reactivation of insulin-like growth factor II during hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice suggests a role in malignant growth. P Schirmacher WA Held D Yang FV Chisari Y Rustum CE Rogler, Cancer Res 1992 52 2549 2556 1568224
55. Loss of heterozygosity of imprinted genes in SV 40 t/T antigen-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. S Casola P Ungaro PV Pedone D Lazzaro E Fattori G Ciliberto R Zarrilli CB Bruni A Riccio, Oncogene 1995 11 711 721 7651735
56. Analysis of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) expression in neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas of woodchucks utilizing in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. DY Yang CE Rogler, Carcinogenesis 1991 12 1893 1901 10.1093/carcin/12.10.1893 1657428
57. Reactivation of the maternally imprinted IGF2 allele in TGF alpha induced hepatocellular carcinomas in mice. TM Harris LE Rogler CE Rogler, Oncogene 1998 16 203 209 10.1038/sj.onc.1201519 9464538 (Pubitemid 28045106)
58. Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA in human primary liver cancers, benign liver tumors and liver cirrhosis. E Cariani C Lasserre D Seurin B Hamelin F Kemeny D Franco MP Czech A Ullrich C Brechot, Cancer Res 1988 48 6844 6849 3180092 (Pubitemid 19012216)
59. Co-localisation of insulin-like growth factor II and the proliferation marker MIBI in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. T Sohda Y Oka K Iwata J Gunn S Kamimura H Shijo M Okumura K Yun, J Clin Pathol 1997 50 135 137 10.1136/jcp.50.2.135 9155694 (Pubitemid 27093029)
60. Expression of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. IO Ng JM Lee G Srivastava M Ng, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998 13 152 157 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00630.x 10221816 (Pubitemid 28137914)
61. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) secreted from HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells shows angiogenic activity. MH Bae MJ Lee SK Bae OH Lee YM Lee BC Park KW Kim, Cancer Lett 1998 128 41 46 10.1016/S0304-3835(98) 00044-5 9652791 (Pubitemid 28279363)
62. Molecular profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma defines mutually exclusive interferon regulation and insulin-like growth factor II overexpression. K Breuhahn S Vreden R Haddad S Beckebaum D Stippel P Flemming T Nussbaum WH Caselmann BB Haab P Schirmacher, Cancer Res 2004 64 6058 6064 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0292 15342387 (Pubitemid 39129404)
63. Diethylnitrosamine induces long-lasting re-expression of insulin-like growth factor II during early stages of liver carcinogenesis in mice. H Lahm K Gittner O Krebs L Sprague E Deml D Oesterle A Hoeflich R Wanke E Wolf, Growth Hormone & IGF Res 2002 12 69 79 10.1054/ghir.2002.0261 21751372 (Pubitemid 35012483)
64. Characterization of insulin-like-growth factor II (IGF II) mRNA positive hepatic altered foci and IGF II expression in hepatocellular carcinoma during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. B Mukherjee S Ghosh T Das M Doloi, J Carcinog 2005 4 12 25 10.1186/1477-3163-4-12 16092956
65. Altered body composition and increased frequency of diverse malignancies in insulin-like growth factor-II transgenic mice. CE Rogler D Yang L Rossetti J Donohoe E Alt CJ Chang R Rosenfeld K Neely R Hintz, J Bio Chem 1994 269 13779 13784 (Pubitemid 24191120)
66. Altered transcriptional regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma. K Uchida M Kondo S Takeda H Osada T Takahashi A Nakao T Takahashi, Mol Carcinog 1997 18 193 198 9142213 (Pubitemid 27208217)
67. Allelic-expression imbalance of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and underlying disease. S Takeda M Kondo T Kumada T Koshikawa R Ueda M Nishio H Osada H Suzuki M Nagatake O Washimi K Takagi T Takahashi A Nakao T Takahashi, Oncogene 1996 12 1589 1592 8622877 (Pubitemid 26132047)
68. Differential promoter usage for insulin-like growth factor-II gene in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus infection. SH Tang DH Yang W Huang M Zhou HK Zhou XH Lu G Ye, Cancer Detect Prev 2006 30 192 203 10.1016/j.cdp.2005.12.004 16697535 (Pubitemid 43766228)
69. Serum insulin-like growth factor-II and fetal protein as tumor markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. JF Tsai JE Jeng LY Chuang HL You MS Ho CS Lai LY Wang MY Hsieh SC Chen WL Chuang ZY Lin ML Yu CY Dai, Tumour Biol 2003 24 291 298 10.1159/000076461 15004489 (Pubitemid 38327991)
70. Expression of insulin-like growth factor II in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: its relationship with hepatitis B virus antigen expression. Q Su YF Liu JF Zhang SX Zhang DF Li JJ Yang, Hepatology 1994 20 788 799 10.1002/hep.1840200404 7927218 (Pubitemid 24296482)
71. Hepatitis C virus and heptocarcinogenesis. J Hyashi H Aoki Y Arakawa O Hino, Intervirology 1999 42 205 210 10.1159/000024962 10516476
72. The human hepatitis B virus transactivator X gene product regulates Spl mediated transcription of an insulin-like growth factor II promoter 4. YI Lee S Lee Y Lee YS Bong SW Hyun YD Yoo SJ Kim YW Kim HR Poo, Oncogene 1998 16 2367 2380 10.1038/sj.onc.1201760 9620554 (Pubitemid 28226884)
73. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor II transcription by aflatoxin BI induced p53 mutant 249 is caused by activation of transcription complexes; implications for a gain-of-function during the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma. YI Lee S Lee GC Das US Park SM Park YI Lee, Oncogene 2000 19 3717 3726 10.1038/sj.onc.1203694 10949925 (Pubitemid 30621176)
74. Analysis of the IGF axis in preneoplastic foci and hepatocellular neoplasms developing after low-number pancreatic islet transplantation into the livers of streptozotocin diabetic rats. JG Scharf G Ramadori F Dombrowski, Lab Invest 2000 80 1399 1411 10.1038/labinvest.3780147 11005208
75. Cellular activation of latent transforming growth factor beta requires binding to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor type II receptor. PA Dennis DB Rifkin, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991 88 580 584 10.1073/pnas.88.2.580 1846448 (Pubitemid 21915509)
76. Regulation of mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptors and transforming growth factor beta during liver tumor promotion with phenobarbital. RL Jirtle GR Hankins H Reisenbichler IJ Boyer, Carcinogenesis 1994 15 1473 1478 10.1093/carcin/15.8.1473 8055622 (Pubitemid 24262127)
77. Transforming growth factor-beta receptors and mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. SR Sue RS Chari FM Kong JJ Mills RL Fine RL Jirtle WC Meyers, Ann Surg 1995 222 171 178 10.1097/00000658-199508000-00009 7639583
78. Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate-2 in human and murine hepatocellular carcinoma. M Boissan E Beurel D Wendum C Rey Y Lecluse C Housset ML Lacombe C Desbois-Mouthon, Am J Pathol 2005 167 869 877 10.1016/S0002- 9440(10)62058-5 16127164 (Pubitemid 41216369)
79. Insulin receptor substrate 1 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells prevents transforming growth factor 1 induced apoptosis. S Tanake R Wands, Cancer Res 1996 56 3391 3394 8758899
80. Changes of insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 after RF-ablation of a hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. W Hundt S Guccione S Choi R Hoffmann M Bednarski, Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 2004 45 5491
81. The expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Y Gong L Cui GY Minuk, Mol Cell Biochem 2000 207 101 104 10.1023/A:1007010818094 10888233 (Pubitemid 30399375)
82. Decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-1 (IGFBP-rP1) in radiation-induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma. J Teishima, Med J Hiroshima Univ 2002 50 63 71
83. Identification of a family of low affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs): characterization of connective tissue growth factor as a member of the IGFBP superfamily. HS Kim SR Nagalla Y Oh E Wilson CT Roberts Jr RG Rosenfeld, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 94 12981 12986 10.1073/pnas.94.24.12981 9371786 (Pubitemid 27518462)
84. NCIC-CTG MA14 trial: Tamoxifen (tam) vs. tam + octreotide (oct) for adjuvant treatment of stage I or II postmenopausal breast cancer [abstract]. MN Pollak JW Chapman KI Pritchard JE Krook HS Dhaliwal TA Vandenberg BD Norris TJ Whelan CF Wilson LE Shepherd, J Clin Oncol 2008 26 532
85. Metformin attenuates the stimulatory effect of a high energy diet on in vivo H59 carcinoma growth. C Algire M Zakikhani MJ Blouin JH Shuai M Pollak, Endocr Relat Cancer 2008 15 833 839 10.1677/ERC-08-0038 18469156
86. Growth inhibition of human prostate cancer cells in human adult bone implanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice by a ligand-specific antibody to human insulin-like growth factors. M Goya S Miyamoto K Nagai Y Ohki K Nakamura K Shitara H Maeda T Sangai K Kodama Y Endoh G Ishii T Hasebe H Yonou T Hatano Y Ogawa A Ochiai, Cancer Res 2004 64 6252 6258 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0919 15342412 (Pubitemid 39129428)
87. The growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant blocks both mammary gland development and MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft growth. J Divisova I Kuiatse Z Lazard H Weiss F Vreeland DL Hadsell R Schiff CK Osborne AV Lee, Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006 98 315 327 10.1007/s10549-006-9168-1 16541323 (Pubitemid 44195602)
88. Dual IGF I/II neutralizing antibody MEDI-573 potently inhibits IGF signaling and tumor growth. J Gao JW Chesebrough SA Cartlidge SA Ricketts L Incognito M Veldman-Jones DC Blakey M Tabrizi B Jallal PA Trail S Coats K Bosslet YS Chang, Cancer Res 2011 71 1029 1040 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2274 21245093
89. IGF activation in a molecular subclass of hepatocellular carcinoma and pre-clinical efficacy of IGF-1R blockage. V Tovar C Alsinet A Villanueva Y Hoshida DY Chiang M Sole S Thung S Moyano S Toffanin B Minguez L Cabellos J Peix M Schwartz V Mazzaferro J Bruix JM Llovet, J Hepatol 2010 52 550 559 20206398
90. A phase I, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of weekly MK-0646, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor monoclonal antibody in patients with advanced solid tumors [abstract]. F Atzori J Tabernero A Cervantes M Botero K Hsu H Brown W Hanley T Macarulla S Rosello J Baselga, J Clin Oncol 2008 26 3519
91. A phase I, first in man study of weekly IMC-A12, a fully human insulin like growth factor-I receptor IgG1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors [abstract]. CS Higano EY Yu SH Whiting MS Gordon P LoRusso F Fox TL Katz JM Roecker JD Schwartz, J Clin Oncol 2007 25 3505
92. Biogen-Idec Inc, Investigator' Brochure of BIIB-022 2010 21751291
93. Phase II study of the anti-insulin-like growth factor type I receptor antibody CP-751871 in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in previously untreated, locally advanced, or metastatic non small cell lung cancer. DD Karp LG Paz-Ares S Novello P Haluska L Garland F Cardenal LJ Blakely PD Einsenberg CJ Langer G Blumenschein Jr FM Johnson S Green A Gualberto, J Clin Oncol 2009 27 2516 2522 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.9331 19380445
94. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control in type II diabetes. AC Moses SC Young LA Morrow M O'Brien DR Clemmons, Diabetes 1996 45 91 100 10.2337/diabetes.45.1. 91 8522066 (Pubitemid 26010429)
95. Effects of growth hormone on glucose metabolism. N Moller JOL Jorgensen N Abildgard L Orskov O Schmitz JS Christiansen, Horm Res 1991 36 suppl 1 32 35 1814798
96. Molecular analysis of non-small cell lung cancer identifies subsets with different sensitivity to insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibition. A Gualberto M Dolled-Filhart M Gustavson J Christianen YF Wang ML Hixon J Reynolds S McDonald A Ang DL Rimm CJ Langer J Blakely L Garland LG Paz-Ares DD Karp AV Lee, Clin Cancer Res 2010 16 4654 4665 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0089 20670944
97. Clinical and prognostic implications of plasma IGF-1 and VEGF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. AO Kaseb J Morris M Hassan E Lin L Xiao EK Abdalla J Vauthey L Abbruzzese, J Clin Oncol 2011 29 155
98. Phase II study of cixutumumab (IMC-A12, NSC742460; C) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [abstract]. GK Abou-Alfa B Gansukh JF Chou J Shia M Capanu M Kalin HX Chen NJ Zojwalla S Katz DL Reidy DP Kelsen L Saltz, J Clin Oncol 2011 29 4043
99. Pre-clinical evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of the IGF1R-specific antibody AVE1642 [abstract]. F Bladt P Vrignaud M Chiron C Venot L Dubussche R Singh T Chittenden T Hercend MC Bissery, Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 2006 47 1225
100. OSI, Investigator's Brochure of OSI-906 2008 21751291
101. Functional insulin receptors on human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells: implications for IGF-II mitogenic signaling. KR Kalli OI Falowo LK Bale MA Zschunke PC Roche CA Conover, Endocrinology 2002 143 3259 3267 10.1210/en.2001-211408 12193537 (Pubitemid 34925700)
102. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the dual insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin receptor inhibitor, BMS-554417. P Haluska JM Carboni DA Loegering FY Lee M Wittman MG Saulnier DB Frennesson KR Kalli CA Conover RM Attar SH Kaufmann M Gottardis C Erlichman, Cancer Res 2006 66 362 371 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1107 16397250 (Pubitemid 43166043)
103. A novel, potent, and selective insulin-like growth factor-I receptor kinase inhibitor blocks insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling in vitro and inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I receptor dependent tumor growth in vivo. QS Ji MJ Mulvihill M Rosenfeld-Franklin A Cooke L Feng G Mak M O'Connor Y Yao C Pirritt E Buck A Eyzaguirre LD Arnold NW Gibson JA Pachter, Mol Cancer Ther 2007 6 2158 2167 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0070 17671083 (Pubitemid 47294744)
104. Balancing oral exposure with Cyp3A4 inhibition in benzimidazole-based IGF-IR inhibitors. K Zimmermann MD Wittman MG Saulnier U Velaparthi DR Langley X Sang D Frennesson J Carboni A Li A Greer M Gottardis RM Attar Z Yang P Balimane LN Discenza D Vyas, Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008 18 4075 4080 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008. 05.104 18572407
105. Novel 2-phenylquinolin-7-yl-derived imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines as potent insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitors. MJ Mulvihill QS Ji HR Coate A Cooke H Dong L Feng K Foreman M Rosenfeld-Franklin A Honda G Mak KM Mulvihill AI Nigro M O'Connor C Pirrit AG Steinig K Siu KM Stolz Y Sun PA Tavares Y Yao NW Gibson, Bioorg Med Chem 2008 16 1359 1375 10.1016/j.bmc.2007. 10.061 17983756 (Pubitemid 351191767)
106. Blocking the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as a strategy for targeting cancer. F Hofmann C Garcia-Echeverria, Drug Discov Today 2005 10 1041 1047 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03512-9 16055020 (Pubitemid 41074142)
107. Picropodophyllin induces downregulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: potential mechanistic involvement of Mdm2 and beta-arrestin1. R Vasilcanu D Vasilcanu L Rosengren N Natalishvili B Sehat S Yin A Girnita M Axelson L Girnita O Larsson, Oncogene 2008 27 1629 1638 10.1038/sj.onc.1210797 17828296 (Pubitemid 351347881)
108. The molecular genetics of adrenocortical carcinoma. FM Barlaskar GD Hammer, Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2007 8 343 348 10.1007/s11154-007-9057-x 17934868
109. Expression of IGF-II in early experimental hepatocellular carcinomas and its significance in early diagnosis. Z Wang YB Ruan Y Guan SH Liu, World J Gastroenterol 2003 9 267 270 12532445 (Pubitemid 36215801)
110. Therapeutic metformin/AMPK activation promotes the angiogenic phenotype in the ER alpha negative MDA-MB-435 breast cancer model. KN Phoenix F Vumbaca KP Claffey, Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009 113 101 111 10.1007/s10549-008-9916-5 18256928
111. kip1 phosphorylation mediating the decision to enter autophagy or apoptosis. J Liang H Shan SH Shao ZX Xu B Hennessy Z Ding M Larrea S Kondo DJ Dumont JU Gutterman CL Walker JM Slingerland JB Mills, Nature Cell Biol 2007 9 218 224 10.1038/ncb1537 17237771 (Pubitemid 46420865)
112. AMP-activated protein kinase is essential for survival in chronic hypoxia. DR Borger LC Gavrilescu MC Bucur M Ivan JA Decaprio, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008 370 230 234 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.056 18359290
113. Effects of ARRY-797, a potent small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitor, on in vivo xenograft tumor growth, alone and in combination with cytotoxic agents [abstract]. SL Winski D Anderson KS Litwiler M Munson PA Lee JD Winkler, Ann Oncol 2007 18 202
114. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling and acquired resistance to gefitinib (ZD 1839; Iressa) in human breast and prostate cancer cells. HE Jones L Goddard JMW Gee S Hiscox M Rubini D Barrow JM Knowlden S Williams AE Wakeling RI Nicholson, Endocr Relat Cancer 2004 11 793 814 10.1677/erc.1.00799 15613453 (Pubitemid 40065552)
115. Rapamycin induces feedback activation of Akt signaling through an IGF-1R-dependent mechanism. X Wan B Harkavy N Shen P Grohar LJ Helman, Oncogene 2007 26 1932 1940 10.1038/sj.onc.1209990 17001314 (Pubitemid 46474636)
116. mTOR inhibition induces upstream receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and activates Akt. KE O'Reilly F Rojo QB She D Solit GB Mills D Smith H Lane F Hofmann DJ Hicklin DL Ludwig J Baselga N Rosen, Cancer Res 2006 66 1500 1508 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2925 16452206 (Pubitemid 43259931)
117. Global action against cancer. World Health Organization, World Health Organization Press. Geneva 2005
118. A phase I study of weekly R1507, a human monoclonal antibody insulin-like growth factor-I receptor antagonist, in patients with advanced solid tumors. R Kurzrock A Patnaik J Aisner T Warren S Leong R Benjamin SG Eckhardt JE Eid G Greig K Habben CD McCarthy L Gore, Clin Cancer Res 2010 16 2458 2465 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3220 20371689
119. Phase I, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of AMG479, a fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. AW Tolcher J Sarantopoulos A Patnaik K Papadopoulos CC Lin J Rodon B Murphy B Roth I McCaffery KS Gorski B Kaiser M Zhu H Deng G Friberg I Puzanov, J Clin Oncol 2009 27 5800 5807 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.6745 19786654
120. In vivo antitumor activity of NVP-AEW541- A novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of IGF-IR kinase. C Garcia-Echeverria MA Pearson A Marti T Meyer J Meston J Zimmermann J Gao JF Brueggen HG Capraro R Cozens DB Evan D Fabbro P Furet DG Porta J Liebetanz G Martiny-Baron S Ruetz F Hofmann, Cancer Cell 2004 5 231 239 10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00051-0 15050915 (Pubitemid 38402115)
121. The insulin-like growth factor -I receptor inhibitor NVP-ADW 742 sensitizes medulloblastoma to the effects of chemotherapy. H Zhou J Rao J Lin B Yin H Sheng F Lin N Zhang L Yang, Oncol Rep 2010 25 1565 1571