Laboratory study on new particle formation from the reaction OH + SO 2: Influence of experimental conditions, H2O vapour, NH3 and the amine tert-butylamine on the overall process

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 15, 2010, Pages 7101-7116

  Berndt, T ^a   Stratmann, F ^a   Sipila M ^a,b   Vanhanen, J ^b   Petaja T ^b   Mikkila J ^b   Gruner A ^a   Spindler, G ^a   Lee Mauldin Iii, R ^c   Curtius, J ^d   Kulmala, M ^b   Heintzenberg, J ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; LABORATORY METHOD; NUCLEATION; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; WATER;

EID: 79956267258     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-7101-2010     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Anttila, T., Vehkamäki, H., Napari, I., and Kulmala, M.: Effect of ammonium bisulfate formation on atmospheric water-sulfuric acid-ammonia nucleation, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 511-523, 2005. (Pubitemid 41812939)
2. Ball, S. M., Hanson, D. R., Eisele, F. L., and McMurry, P. H.: Laboratory studies of particle nucleation: Initial results for H2SO4, H2O, and NH3 vapors, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23709-23718, doi:10.1029/1999JD900411, 1999.
3. Baria, A., Ferraro, V., Wilson, L. R., Luttinger, D., and Husain, L.: Measurements of gaseous HONO, HNO3, SO2, HCl, NH3, particulate sulfate and PM2.5 in New York, NY, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2825-2835, 2003.
4. Benson, D. R., Erupe, M. E., and Lee, S.-H.: Laboratory-measured H2SO4-H2O-NH3 ternary homogeneous nucleation rates: Initial observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15818, doi:10.1029/2009GL038728, 2009.
5. Berndt, T., Böge, O., Stratmann, F., Heintzenberg, J., and Kul-mala, M.: Rapid Formation of Sulfuric Acid Particles at Near-Atmospheric Conditions, Science, 307, 698-700, 2005. (Pubitemid 40194634)
6. Berndt, T., Stratmann, F., Bräsel, S., Heintzenberg, J., Laaksonen, A., and Kulmala, M. : SO2 oxidation products other than H2SO4 as a trigger of new particle formation. Part 1: Laboratory investigations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6365-6374, doi:10.5194/acp-8-6365-2008, 2008.
7. Coffman, D. J. and Hegg, D. A.: A preliminary study of the effect of ammonia on particle nucleation in the boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7147-7160, 1995.
8. DeMore, W. B., Sander, S. P., Golden, D. M., Hampson, R. F., et al.: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modelling. Evaluation number 12, JPL Publication 97-4, 1-266, 1997.
9. Dick, W. D., McMurry, P. H., Weber, R. J., and Quant, R.: White-light Detection for Nanoparticle sizing with the TSI ultrafine condensation particle counter, J. Nanoparticle Res., 2, 85-90, 2000. (Pubitemid 33230026)
10. Eisele, F. L. and Tanner, D.: Measurement of the gas phase concentration of H2SO4 and methane sulfonic acid and estimates of H2SO4 production and loss in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9001-9010, 1993. (Pubitemid 23383098)
11. Friend, J. P., Barnes, R. A., and Vasta, R. M.: Nucleation by Free Radicals from the Photooxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Air, J. Phys. Chem., 84, 2423-2438, 1980.
12. Goff, J. A.: Saturation pressure of water on the new Kelvin temperature scale, Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Technical report, presented at the semiannual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Murray Bay, Quebec Canada, 347-354, 1957.
13. Grönberg, L., Lövkvist, P., and Jönsson, J. A.: Measurement of Aliphatic Amines in Ambient Air and Rainwater, Chemosphere, 24, 1533-1540, 1992.
14. Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Warnike, C., Holzinger, R., and Lindinger, W.: Improved detection limit of the proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer: On-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at mixing ratios of a few PPTV: Rapid. Commun. Mass Spec-trom., 12, 871-875, 1998. (Pubitemid 28310006)
15. Hanson, D. R. and Eisele, F. L.: Diffusion of H2SO4 in humidified nitrogen: Hydrated H2SO4, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 1715-1719, 2000.
16. Hanson, D. R. and Eisele, F. L.: Measurement of prenucleation molecular clusters in the NH3, H2SO4, H2O system, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D124158, doi:10.1029/2001JD001100, 2002.
17. Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., and McMurry, P. H.: Effect of Working Fluid on Sub-2nm Particle Detection with a Laminar Flow Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43(1), 81-96, 2009.
18. Kashchiev, D.: On the relation between nucleation work, nucleus size and nucleation rate, J. Chem. Phys., 76, 5098-5102, 1982.
19. Korhonen, P. M., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Viisanen, Y., Mc-Graw, R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Ternary nucleation of H2SO4, NH3, and H2O in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26349-26353, 1999.
20. Kramp, F, and Paulson, S. E.: On the uncertainties in the rate coefficients for OH reactions with hydrocarbons, and the rate coefficients of the 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and m-xylene reactions with OH radicals in the gas phase, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2685-2690, 1998. (Pubitemid 128591358)
21. Kuang C., McMurry, P. H., McCormick, A. V., and Eisele, F. L.: Dependence of nucleation rates on sulfuric acid vapor concentration in diverse atmospheric locations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10209, doi:10.1029/2007JD009253, 2008.
22. Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Pirjola, L.: Parameterization for sulphuric acid/water nucleation rates, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8301-8307, 1998. (Pubitemid 28388669)
23. Kulmala, M., K. E. J. Lehtinen, and A. Laaksonen: Cluster activation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3 nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 787-793, doi:10.5194/acp-6-787-2006, 2006.
24. Kurten, T., Loukonen, V., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Amines are likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more efficiently than ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4095-4103, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4095-2008, 2008.
25. Laaksonen, A., Kulmala, M., Berndt, T., Stratmann, F., Mikkonen, S., Ruuskanen, A., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P., Petäjä, T., Riipinen, I., Sihto, S.-L., Janson, R., Arnold, F., Hanke, M., Ü cker, J., Umann, B., Sellegri, K., O'Dowd, C. D., and Viisanen, Y.: SO2 oxidation products other than H2SO4 as a trigger of new particle formation. Part 2: Comparison of ambient and laboratory measurements, and atmospheric implications, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7255-7264, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7255-2008, 2008.
26. Mauldin III, R. L., Frost, G., Chen, G., Tanner, D., Prévôt, A., Davis, D., and Eisele, F.: OH measurements during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1): Observations and model comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16713-16729, 1998.
27. Mauldin, III, R. L., Eisele, F., Tanner, D., Kosciuch, E., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Hall, S. R., Nowak, J. B., Buhr, M., Chen, G., Wang, P., and Davis, D.: Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at the South Pole during ISCAT, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3629-3632, 2001. (Pubitemid 33001940)
28. Mäkelä, J. M., S. Yli-Koivisto, V. Hiltunen, W. Seidl, E. Swietlicki, K. Teinilä, M. Sillanpää, I. K. Koponen, J. Paatero, K. Rosman, and K. Hämeri: Chemical composition of aerosol during particle formation events in boreal forest, Tellus, 53B, 380-393, 2001. (Pubitemid 32895235)
29. McMurry, P. H. and Friedlander, S. K.: New Particle Formation in the Presence of an Aerosol, Atmos. Environ, 13, 1635-1651, 1979.
30. Merikanto, J., Napari, I., Vehkamäki, H., Anttila, T., and Kul-mala, M.: New parameterization of sulphuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions, J. Geo-phys. Res., 112, D15207, doi:10.1029/2006JD007977, 2007. (Pubitemid 47534414)
31. Napari, I., Noppel, M., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Parameterization of ternary nucleation rates for H2SO4-NH3-H2O vapors, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4381, doi:10.1029/2002JD002132, 2002. (Pubitemid 43206204)
32. Nieminen, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Kulmala, M.: On condensational growth of clusters and nanoparticles in sub-10 nm size range, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 1693-1717, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-1693-2010, 2010.
33. Nowak, U. and Deuflhard, P.: Numerical Identification of Selected Rate Constants in Large Chemical Reaction Systems, Appl. Nu-mer. Math., 1, 59-75, 1985. (Pubitemid 17493182)
34. Petäjä, T., Mauldin III, R. L., Kosciuch, E., McGrath, J., Niemi-nen, T., Paasonen, P., Boy, M., Adamov, A., Kotiaho, T., and Kulmala, M.: Sulfuric acid and OH concentrations in a boreal forest site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7435-7448, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7435-2009, 2009.
35. Rabaud, N. E., Ebeler, S. E., Ashbaugh, L. L., and Flocchini, R. G.: Characterization and quantification of odorous and non-odorous volatile organic compounds near a commercial dairy in California, Atmos. Environ., 37, 933-940, 2003. (Pubitemid 36194461)
36. Riipinen, I., Sihto, S.-L., Kulmala, M., Arnold, F., Dal Maso, M., Birmili, W., Saarnio, K., Teinilä, K., Kerminen, V.-M., Laak-sonen, A., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Connections between atmospheric sulphuric acid and new particle formation during QUEST IIIIV campaigns in Heidelberg and Hyytil, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1899-1914, doi:10.5194/acp-7-1899-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 46615537)
37. Robarge, W. P., Walker, J. T., McCulloch, R. B., and Murray, G.: Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and ammonium at an agricultural site in the southeast United States, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1661-1674, 2002. (Pubitemid 34275392)
38. Schade, G. W. and Crutzen, P. J.: Emission of Aliphatic Amines from Animal Husbandry and their Reactions: Potential Source of N2O and HCN, J. Atmos. Chem., 22, 319-346, 1995. (Pubitemid 26444776)
39. Sellegri, K., M. Hankel, B. Umann, F. Arnold, and M. Kulmala: Measurement of organic gases during aerosol formation events in the boreal forest atmosphere during QUEST, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 373-384, doi:10.5194/acp-5-373- 2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40405289)
40. Sgro, L. A. and Fernández de la Mora, J.: A simple turbulent mixing CNC for charged particle detection down to 1.2 nm, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 1-11, 2004. (Pubitemid 38076347)
41. Sihto, S.-L., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Dal Maso, M., Petäjä, T., Riipinen, I., Korhonen, H., Arnold, F., Janson, R., Boy, M., Laaksonen, A., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Atmospheric sulphuric acid and aerosol formation: implications from atmospheric measurements for nucleation and early growth mechanisms, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4079-4091, doi:10.5194/acp-6-4079-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44373019)
42. Sipilä, M., Lehtipalo, K., Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., Junninen, H., Aalto, P. P., Manninen, H. E., Kyrö, E.-M., Asmi, E., Riip-inen, I., Curtius, J., Kürten, A., Borrmann, S., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Applicability of condensation particle counters to measure atmospheric clusters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4049-4060, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4049-2008, 2008.
43. Sipilä, M., Lehtipalo, K., Attoui, M., Neitola, K., Petäjä, T., Aalto, P. P., O'Dowd, C. D., and Kulmala, M.: Laboratory verification of PH-CPC's ability to monitor atmospheric sub-3 nm clusters, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43, 126-135, 2009.
44. Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Petakoski, J., Mauldin, L., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Lihavainen, H., and Kulmala, M.: The Role of Sulphuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation, Science, 327, 1243-1246, 2010.
45. Smith, J. N., Barsanti, K. C., Friedl, H. R., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Collins, D. R., Scheckman, J. H., Williams, B. J., and McMurry, P. H.: Observations of aminium salts in atmospheric nanopar-ticles and possible climatic implications, P.N.A.S., 107, 6634-6639, 2010.
46. Stockwell, W. R. and Calvert, J. G.: The mechanism of the HO-SO2 reaction, Atmos. Environ., 17, 2231-2235, 1983. (Pubitemid 14179967)
47. Stratmann, F. and Wiedensohler, A.: A new data inversion algorithm for DMPS-measurements, J. Aerosol Sci., 27, 339-340, 1996.
48. Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M., Napari, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Timm-reck, C., Noppel, M., and Laaksonen, A.: An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D22), 4622, doi:10.1029/2002JD002184, 2002. (Pubitemid 43211904)
49. Vanhanen, J.: Mixing-type CPC detecting charged clusters down to 1.05 nm, presented at ICNAA 2009, Prague, 2009.
50. Viisanen, Y., Kulmala, M., and Laaksonen, A.: Experiments on gas-liquid nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, J. Chem. Phys., 107, 920-926, 1997. (Pubitemid 127557487)
51. Weber, R. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., and Tanner, D. J.: Measurement of expected nucleation precursor species and 3-500-nm diameter particles at Mauna Loa observatory, Hawaii, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2242-2257, 1995. (Pubitemid 26439565)
52. Weber, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J., and Jefferson, A.: Measured atmospheric new particle formation rates: Implications for nucleation mechanisms, Chem. Eng. Comm., 151, 53-64, 1996.
53. Wyslouzil, B. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Flagan, R. C., and Okuyama, K.: Binary nucleation in acid-water systems. II. Sulphuric acid-water and a comparison with methanesulphonic acid-water, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 6842-6850, 1991.
54. Young, L.-H., D. R. Benson, F. R. Kameel, J. R. Pierce, H. Junninen, M. Kulmala, and S.-H. Lee: Laboratory studies of H2SO4/H2O binary homogeneous nucleation from the SO2+OH reaction: Evaluation of the experimental setup and preliminary results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4997-5016, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4997- 2008, 2008.
55. Yu, F.: Improved quasi-unary nucleation model for binary H2SO4-H2O homogeneous nucleation, J. Chem. Phys., 127, 05401, 2007.
56. Zellner, R: Recombination reactions in atmospheric chemistry, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 82, 1172-1179, 1978.
57. Zhang, R., Suh, I., Zhao, J., Zhang, D., Fortner, E. C., Tie, X., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Atmospheric New Particle Formation Enhanced by Organic Acids, Science, 304, 1487-1489, 2004.