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The nucleation rate is more precisely defined as the rate at which particles of critical size are produced. In this study, we detect only particles larger than 3 nm, and hence the value estimated from the rate of observed particle formation may be smaller than that of cluster formation.
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-3 torr for p-toluic acid at 298 K, corresponding to saturation mixing ratios of 9.2 and 2.5 ppm (parts per million) at 1 atm, respectively.
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35
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For benzoic and p-toluic acids and the experimental conditions similar to those in Fig. 2, the measured particle concentrations were slightly higher (by about 10 to 20%) when the water flow in the aerosol chamber was turned off.
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-1, comparable to those of the aromatic acid-sulfuric acid complexes.
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Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Chemistry Program (DOE-ACP), Robert A. Welch Foundation (A-1417), and Texas Air Research Center (TACR). The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by NSF. We acknowledge additional funding for the quantum chemical calculations from the Texas A&M University Supercomputing Facilities and the use of the Laboratory for Molecular Simulations at Texas A&M University. We thank D. Collins for assistance with the application of the differential mobility analyzer and helpful discussions.
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