Modalities for imaging of prostate cancer

Advances in Urology

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Hou, A H ^a   Swanson, D ^a   Barqawi, A B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955534712     PISSN: 16876369     EISSN: 16876377     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2009/818065     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Murray T., Xu J., Thun M. J., Cancer statistics, 2007 CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2007 57 1 43 66 (Pubitemid 46148091)
2. Crawford E. D., Barqawi A. B., Targeted focal therapy: a minimally invasive ablation technique for early prostate cancer Oncology 2007 21 1 27 32 (Pubitemid 46242753)
3. Cooperberg M. R., Moul J. W., Carroll P. R., The changing face of prostate cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005 23 32 8146 8151 (Pubitemid 46211547)
4. Scattoni V., Zlotta A., Montironi R., Schulman C., Rigatti P., Montorsi F., Extended and saturation prostatic biopsy in the diagnosis and characterization of prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature European Urology 2007 52 1309 1322 (Pubitemid 47446019)
5. Etzioni R., Penson D. F., Legler J. M., Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002 94 13 981 990 (Pubitemid 34814727)
6. Andriole G. L., Grubb R. L., Buys S. S., Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial The New England Journal of Medicine 2009 360 13 1310 1319
7. Terris M. K., Stamey T. A., Determination of prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound Journal of Urology 1991 145 5 984 987
8. Shinohara K., Wheeler T. M., Scardino P. T., The appearance of prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasonography: correlation of imagining and pathological examinations Journal of Urology 1989 142 1 76 82 (Pubitemid 19184007)
9. Ellis W. J., Chetner M. P., Preston S. D., Brawer M. K., Diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma: the yield of serum prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography Journal of Urology 1994 152 5 1520 1525 (Pubitemid 24326300)
10. Carter H. B., Hamper U. M., Sheth S., Evaluation of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer The Journal of Urology 1989 142 1008
11. Lee F., Gray J. M., McLeary R. D., Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: location, echogenicity, histopathology, and staging Prostate 1985 7 2 117 129 (Pubitemid 16237915)
12. Kuligowska E., Barish M. A., Fenlon H. M., Blake M., Predictors of prostate carcinoma: accuracy of gray-scale and color Doppler US and serum markers Radiology 2001 220 3 757 764 (Pubitemid 32799987)
13. Hricak H., Choyke P. L., Eberhardt S. C., Leibel S. A., Scardino P. T., Imaging prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary perspective Radiology 2007 243 1 28 53 (Pubitemid 46579693)
14. Ukimura O., Troncoso P., Ramirez E. I., Babaian R. J., Prostate cancer staging: correlation between ultrasound determined tumor contact length and pathologically confirmed extraprostatic extension Journal of Urology 1998 159 4 1251 1259 (Pubitemid 28172808)
15. Smith J. A. Jr., Scardino P. T., Resnick M. I., Hernandez A. D., Rose S. C., Egger M. J., Transrectal ultrasound versus digital rectal examination for the staging of carcinoma of the prostate: results of a prospective, multi-institutional trial Journal of Urology 1997 157 3 902 906 (Pubitemid 27066276)
16. Ohori M., Egawa S., Shinohara K., Wheeler T. M., Scardino P. T., Detection of microscopic extracapsular extension prior to radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer British Journal of Urology 1994 74 1 72 79 (Pubitemid 24221530)
17. Augustin H., Graefen M., Palisaar J., Prognostic significance of visible lesions on transrectal ultrasound in impalpable prostate cancers: implications for staging Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003 21 15 2860 2868 (Pubitemid 46621834)
18. Ohori M., Kattan M. W., Utsunomiya T., Suyama K., Scardino P. T., Wheeler T. M., Do impalpable stage T1c prostate cancers visible on ultrasound differ from those not visible? Journal of Urology 2003 169 3 964 968 (Pubitemid 36188135)
19. Eisenberg M. L., Cowan J. E., Davies B. J., Carroll P. R., Shinohara K., The importance of tumor palpability and transrectal ultrasonographic appearance in the contemporary clinical staging of prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology. In press
20. Van Moorselaar R. J. A., Voest E. E., Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: its role in disease progression and possible therapeutic approaches Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2002 197 1-2 239 250 (Pubitemid 35304798)
21. Wink M., Frauscher F., Cosgrove D., Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and prostate cancer; a multicentre European research coordination project European Urology 2008 54 5 982 993
22. Strohmeyer D., Frauscher F., Klauser A., Contrast-enhanced transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography (TRCDUS) for assessment of angiogenesis in prostate cancer Anticancer Research 2001 21 4 2907 2913 (Pubitemid 33051150)
23. Halpern E. J., Verkh L., Forsberg F., Gomella L. G., Mattrey R. F., Goldberg B. B., Initial experience with contrast-enhanced sonography of the prostate American Journal of Roentgenology 2000 174 6 1575 1580 (Pubitemid 30346717)
24. Mitterberger M., Horninger W., Pelzer A., A prospective randomized trial comparing contrast-enhanced targeted versus systematic ultrasound guided biopsies: impact on prostate cancer detection Prostate 2007 67 14 1537 1542 (Pubitemid 47536152)
25. Sedelaar J. P. M., van Leedners G. J. L. H., Value of contrast US in the detection of significant prostate cancer: correlation with radical prostatectomy specimens Prostate 2002 53 246 253 (Pubitemid 35266186)
26. Pallwein L., Mitterberger M., Struve P., Real-time elastography for detecting prostate cancer: preliminary experience BJU International 2007 100 1 42 46 (Pubitemid 46878542)
27. Nelson E. D., Slotoroff C. B., Gomella L. G., Halpern E. J., Targeted biopsy of the prostate: the impact of color doppler imaging and elastography on prostate cancer detection and Gleason score Urology 2007 70 6 1136 1140 (Pubitemid 350297373)
28. Salomon G., Kollerman J., Thederan I., Evaluation of CaP detection with US real-time elastography: a comparison with step section pathological analysis after radical prostatectomy European Urology 2008 54 6 1354 1362
29. Kamoi K., Okihara K., Ochiai A., The utility of transrectal real-time elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2008 34 7 1025 1032 (Pubitemid 351893145)
30. Braeckman J., Autier P., Garbar C., Computer-aided ultrasonography (HistoScanning): a novel technology for locating and characterizing prostate cancer BJU International 2008 101 3 293 298
31. Beyersdorff D., Taupitz M., Winkelmann B., Patients with a history of elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and negative transrectal US-guided quadrant or sextant biopsy results: value of MR imaging Radiology 2002 224 3 701 706 (Pubitemid 34919801)
32. Presti J. C. Jr., Hricak H., Narayan P. A., Shinohara K., White S., Carroll P. R., Local staging of prostatic carcinoma: comparison of transrectal sonography and endorectal MR imaging American Journal of Roentgenology 1996 166 1 103 108 (Pubitemid 26010231)
33. Mullerad M., Hricak H., Kuroiwa K., Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer Journal of Urology 2005 174 6 2158 2163 (Pubitemid 41611764)
34. Kirkham A. P. S., Emberton M., Allen C., How good is MRI at detecting and characterising cancer within the prostate? European Urology 2006 50 6 1163 1175 (Pubitemid 44692933)
35. Wefer A. E., Hricak H., Vigneron D. B., Sextant localization of prostate cancer: comparison of sextant biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with step section histology Journal of Urology 2000 164 2 400 404 (Pubitemid 30481935)
36. White S., Hricak H., Forstner R., Prostate cancer: effect of postbiopsy hemorrhage on interpretation of MR images Radiology 1995 195 2 385 390
37. Ikonen S., Kivisaari L., Vehmas T., Optimal timing of post-biopsy MR imaging of the prostate Acta Radiologica 2001 42 1 70 73 (Pubitemid 33630131)
38. Qayyum A., Coakley F. V., Lu Y., Organ-confined prostate cancer: effect of prior transrectal biopsy on endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging American Journal of Roentgenology 2004 183 4 1079 1083 (Pubitemid 44185100)
39. Ellis J. H., Tempany C., Sarin M. S., Gatsonis C., Rifkin M. D., McNeil B. J., MR imaging and sonography of early prostatic cancer: pathologic and imaging features that influence identification and diagnosis American Journal of Roentgenology 1994 162 4 865 872 (Pubitemid 24115872)
40. Akin O., Sala E., Moskowitz C. S., Transition zone prostate cancers: features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging Radiology 2006 239 3 784 792 (Pubitemid 43830614)
41. Comet-Batlle J., Vilanova-Busquets J. C., Saladié-Roig J. M., Gelabert-Mas A., Barcel-Vidal C., Spencer J. A., The value of endorectal MRI in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer European Urology 2003 44 2 201 208 (Pubitemid 36917004)
42. Djavan B., Ravery V., Zlotta A., Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer detected on biopsies 1, 2, 3 and 4: when should we stop? Journal of Urology 2001 166 1679 1683
43. Cheikh A. B., Girouin N., Colombel M., Evaluation of T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in localizing prostate cancer before repeat biopsy European Radiology 2009 19 3 770 778
44. Beyersdorff D., Winkel A., Hamm B., Lenk S., Loening S. A., Taupitz M., MR imaging-guided prostate biopsy with a closed MR unit at 1.5 T: initial results Radiology 2005 234 2 576 581 (Pubitemid 40139933)
45. Pondman K. M., Ftterer J. J., ten Haken B., MR-guided biopsy of the prostate: an overview of techniques and a systematic review European Urology 2008 54 3 517 527
46. Hricak H., Wang L., Wei D. C., The role of preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in the decision regarding whether to preserve or resect neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy Cancer 2004 100 12 2655 2663 (Pubitemid 38715772)
47. Labanaris A. P., Zugor V., Takriti S., The role of conventional and functional endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in the decision of whether to preserve or resect the neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 2009 43 1 25 31
48. Coakley F. V., Eberhardt S., Wei D. C., Blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy: relationship to morphologic features on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging Urology 2002 59 6 884 888 (Pubitemid 34522181)
49. Yu K. K., Scheidler J., Hricak H., Prostate cancer: prediction of extracapsular extension with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging Radiology 1999 213 2 481 488 (Pubitemid 29510596)
50. Jager G. J., Ruijter E. T. G., Local staging of prostate cancer with endorectal MRI: correlation with histopathology American Journal of Roentgenology 1996 166 845 852 (Pubitemid 26102064)
51. Kim C. K., Park B. K., Kim B., Localization of prostate cancer using 3T MRI. Comparison of T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2006 30 1 7 11 (Pubitemid 43052291)
52. Sartor A. O., Hricak H., Evaluating localized Pca and identifying candidates for focal therapy The Journal of Urology 2008 72 supplement 6A 12 24
53. Ftterer J. J., Barentsz J. O., Heijmink S. W., Value of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging in local staging of prostate cancer Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2008 19 6 285 289
54. Mullerad M., Hricak H., Wang L., PCa: detection of extracapsular extension by GU and general body radiologists at MR imaging Radiology 2004 232 133 139
55. Tempany C. M., Zhou X., Zerhouni E. A., Staging of prostate cancer: results of Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group project comparison of three MR imaging techniques Radiology 1994 192 1 47 54 (Pubitemid 24191516)
56. Rifkin M. D., Zerhouni E. A., Gatsonis C. A., Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in staging early prostate cancer. Results of a multi-institutional cooperative trial The New England Journal of Medicine 1990 323 10 621 626 (Pubitemid 20280191)
57. Wolf J. S. Jr., Cher M., DallEra M., Presti J. C. Jr., Hricak H., Carroll P. R., The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node metastases before radical prostatectomy Journal of Urology 1995 153 3 993 999
58. Hricak H., White S., Vigneron D., Carcinoma of the prostate gland: MR imaging with pelvic phased-array coils versus integrated endorectal-pelvic phased-array coils Radiology 1994 193 3 703 709 (Pubitemid 24366938)
59. Wang L., Mullerad M., Chen H.-N., Prostate cancer: incremental value of endorectal MR imaging findings for prediction of extracapsular extension Radiology 2004 232 1 133 139 (Pubitemid 38787828)
60. Engelbrecht M. R., Jager G. J., Laheij R. J., Verbeek A. L. M., van Lier H. J., Barentsz J. O., Local staging of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis European Radiology 2002 12 9 2294 2302 (Pubitemid 36940327)
61. Sonnad S. S., Langlotz C. P., Schwartz J. S., Accuracy of MR imaging for staging prostate cancer: a meta-analysis to examine the effect of technologic change Academic Radiology 2001 8 2 149 157 (Pubitemid 32666473)
62. Torricelli P., Cinquantini F., Ligabue G., Bianchi G., Sighinolfi P., Romagnoli R., Comparative evaluation between external phased array coil at 3 T and endorectal coil at 1.5 T: preliminary results Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2006 30 3 355 361 (Pubitemid 43922249)
63. Ftterer J. J., Engelbrecht M. R., Jager G. J., Prostate cancer: comparison of local staging accuracy of pelvic phased-array coil alone versus integrated endorectal-pelvic phased-array coils European Radiology 2007 17 4 1055 1065 (Pubitemid 46766887)
64. Graser A., Heuck A., Sommer B., Per-sextant localization and staging of prostate cancer: correlation of imaging findings with whole-mount step section histopathology American Journal of Roentgenology 2007 188 1 84 90 (Pubitemid 46012493)
65. Heijmink S. W., Ftterer J. J., Hambrock T., Prostate cancer: body array versus endorectal coil MR imaging at 3Tcomparison of image quality, localization, and staging performance Radiology 2007 244 1 184 195 (Pubitemid 46981973)
66. Ftterer J. J., Heijmink S. W., Scheenen T. W. J., Prostate cancer: local staging at 3-T endorectal MR imagingearly experience Radiology 2006 238 1 184 191 (Pubitemid 43010595)
67. Wang L., Hricak H., Kattan M. W., Chen H.-N., Scardino P. T., Kuroiwa K., Prediction of organ-confined prostate cancer: incremental value of MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging to staging nomograms Radiology 2006 238 2 597 603 (Pubitemid 43134372)
68. Engelbrecht M. R., Jager G. J., Severens J. L., Patient selection for magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer European Urology 2001 40 3 300 307 (Pubitemid 34701900)
69. Green F. L., Page D. L., Fleming I. D., AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 2002 New York, NY, USA Springer
70. DAmico A. V., Whittington R., Malkowicz B., Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer Journal of Urology 2000 164 3 759 763 (Pubitemid 30637618)
71. May F., Treumann T., Dettmar P., Hartung R., Breul J., Limited value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasonography in the staging of clinically localized prostate cancer BJU International 2001 87 1 66 69
72. Testa C., Schiavina R., Lodi R., Prostate cancer: sextant localization with MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and C11 -choline PET/CT Radiology 2007 244 3 797 806 (Pubitemid 47292091)
73. Scheidler J., Hricak H., Vigneron D. B., Prostate cancer: localization with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imagingclinicopathologic study Radiology 1999 213 2 473 480 (Pubitemid 29510595)
74. Scheidler J., Hricak H., Vigneron D. B., Prostate cancer: localization with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imagingclinicopathologic study Radiology 1999 213 2 473 480 (Pubitemid 29510595)
75. Shukla-Dave A., Hricak H., Kattan M. W., The utility of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for predicting insignificant prostate cancer: an initial analysis BJU International 2007 99 4 786 793 (Pubitemid 46439567)
76. Coakley F. V., Kurhanewicz J., Lu Y., Prostate cancer tumor volume: measurement with endorectal MR and MR spectroscopic imaging Radiology 2002 223 1 91 97 (Pubitemid 34258194)
77. Weinreb J. C., Blume J. D., Coakley F. V., Prostate cancer: sextant localization at MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging before prostatectomyresults of ACRIN prospective multi-institutional clinicopathologic study Radiology 2009 251 1 122 133
78. Zakian K. L., Sircar K., Hricak H., Correlation of proton MR spectroscopic imaging with gleason score based on step-section pathologic analysis after radical prostatectomy Radiology 2005 234 3 804 814 (Pubitemid 40250824)
79. Pucar D., Shukla-Dave A., Hricak H., Prostate cancer: correlation of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with pathologic findings after radiation therapyiInitial experience Radiology 2005 236 2 545 553 (Pubitemid 41023438)
80. Vilanova J. C., Barcel J., Prostate cancer detection: magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging Abdominal Imaging 2007 32 2 253 261 (Pubitemid 46883672)
81. Parivar F., Hricak H., Shinohara K., Detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after cryosurgery: evaluation by transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and three- dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Urology 1996 48 4 594 599
82. Alonzi R., Padhani A. R., Allen C., Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in prostate cancer European Journal of Radiology 2007 63 3 335 350 (Pubitemid 47321040)
83. Bettencourt M.-C., Bauer J. J., Sesterhenn I. A., Connelly R. R., Moul J. W., CD34 immunohistochemical assessment of angiogenesis as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy Journal of Urology 1998 160 2 459 465 (Pubitemid 29476698)
84. Brown G., Macvicar D. A., Ayton V., Husband J. E., The role of intravenous contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging of prostatic carcinoma Clinical Radiology 1995 50 9 601 606
85. Jager G. J., Ruijter E. T. G., van de Kaa C. A., Dynamic TurboFLASH subtraction technique for contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the prostate: correlation with histopathologic results Radiology 1997 203 3 645 652 (Pubitemid 27227409)
86. Schlemmer H.-P., Merkle J., Grobholz R., Can pre-operative contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for prostate cancer predict microvessel density in prostatectomy specimens? European Radiology 2004 14 2 309 317 (Pubitemid 38181089)
87. Hara N., Okuizumi M., Koike H., Kawaguchi M., Bilim V., Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a useful modality for the precise detection and staging of early prostate cancer Prostate 2005 62 2 140 147 (Pubitemid 40096780)
88. Muramoto S., Uematsu H., Kimura H., Differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostate hypertrophy using dual-echo dynamic contrast MR imaging European Journal of Radiology 2002 44 1 52 58 (Pubitemid 35286999)
89. Ito H., Kamoi K., Yokoyama K., Yamada K., Nishimura T., Visualization of prostate cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: comparison with transrectal power Doppler ultrasound The British Journal of Radiology 2003 76 909 617 624
90. Bloch B. N., Furman-Haran E., Helbich T. H., Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaginginitial results Radiology 2007 245 1 176 185 (Pubitemid 47417801)
91. Ogura K., Maekawa S., Okubo K., Dynamic endorectal magnetic resonance imaging for local staging and detection of neurovascular bundle involvement of prostate cancer: correlation with histopathologic results Urology 2001 57 4 721 726
92. Ftterer J. J., Heijmink S. W., Scheenen T. W. J., Prostate cancer localization with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging Radiology 2006 241 2 449 458 (Pubitemid 44632891)
93. Namimoto T., Morishita S., Saitoh R., Kudoh J., Yamashita Y., Takahashi M., The value of dynamic MR imaging for hypointensity lesions of the peripheral zone of the prostate Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 1998 22 3 239 245 (Pubitemid 28421634)
94. Mydlo J. H., Kral J. G., Volpe M., Axotis C., Macchia R. J., Pertschuk L. P., An analysis of microvessel density, androgen receptor, p53 and HER-2/neu expression and Gleason score in prostate cancer. Preliminary results and therapeutic implications European Urology 1998 34 5 426 432 (Pubitemid 28499727)
95. Sinha A. A., Quast B. J., Reddy P. K., Microvessel density as a molecular marker for identifying high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia precursors to prostate cancer Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2004 77 2 153 159 (Pubitemid 39209299)
96. Padhani A. R., Gapinski C. J., Macvicar D. A., Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of prostate cancer: correlation with morphology and tumour stage, histological grade and PSA Clinical Radiology 2000 55 2 99 109 (Pubitemid 32054531)
97. Kim C. K., Park B. K., Update of prostate MRI at 3T Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2008 32 2 163 172
98. Ftterer J. J., Scheenen T. W. J., Huisman H. J., Initial experience of 3 tesla endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging and 1H-spectroscopic imaging of the prostate Investigative Radiology 2004 39 11 671 680 (Pubitemid 39425960)
99. Turnbull L. W., Buckley D. L., Turnbull L. S., Liney G. P., Knowles A. J., Differentiation of prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlation between dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging and histopathology Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1999 9 2 311 316 (Pubitemid 29115358)
100. Jacobs M. A., Ouwerkerk R., Petrowski K., MacUra K. J., Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and spectroscopy in prostate cancer Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2008 19 6 261 272
101. Issa B., In vivo measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and malignant prostatic tissues using echo-planar imaging Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2002 16 2 196 200 (Pubitemid 34810058)
102. Sato C., Naganawa S., Nakamura T., Differentiation of noncancerous tissue and cancer lesion by apparent diffusion coefficient values in transition and peripheral zones of the prostate Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2005 21 3 258 262 (Pubitemid 40280120)
103. Mazaheri Y., Shukla-Dave A., Hricak H., Prostate cancer: identification with combined diffusion-weighted MR imaging and 3D1H MR spectroscopic imagingcorrelation with pathologic findings Radiology 2008 246 2 480 488
104. Tanimoto A., Nakashima J., Kohno H., Shinmoto H., Kuribayashi S., Prostate cancer screening: the clinical value of diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic MR imaging in combination with T2-weighted imaging Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2007 25 1 146 152 (Pubitemid 46095209)
105. Kim C. K., Park B. K., Lee H. M., Prediction of locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: incremental value of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2009 29 2 391 397
106. Mazaheri Y., Hricak H., Fine S. W., Prostate tumor volume measurement with combined T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted MR: correlation with pathologic tumor volume Radiology 2009 252 2 449 457
107. Park B. K., Lee H. M., Kim C. K., Choi H. Y., Park J. W., Lesion localization in patients with a previous negative transrectal ultrasound biopsy and persistently elevated prostate specific antigen level using diffusion-weighted imaging at three tesla before rebiopsy Investigative Radiology 2008 43 11 789 793
108. Kim C. K., Park B. K., Han J. J., Kang T. W., Lee H. M., Diffusion-weighted imaging of the prostate at 3 T for differentiation of malignant and benign tissue in transition and peripheral zones: preliminary results Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2007 31 3 449 454 (Pubitemid 46849917)
109. Barentsz J. O., Ftterer J. J., Takahashi S., Use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in lymph node MR imaging in prostate cancer patients European Journal of Radiology 2007 63 3 369 372 (Pubitemid 47321043)
110. Harisinghani M. G., Barentsz J., Hahn P. F., Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer The New England Journal of Medicine 2003 348 25 2491 2499 (Pubitemid 36706536)
111. Ross R. W., Zietman A. L., Xie W., Lymphotropic nanoparticle-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LNMRI) identifies occult lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients prior to salvage radiation therapy Clinical Imaging 2009 33 4 301 305
112. Oyen R. H., van Poppel H. P., Ameye F. E., Van De Voorde W. A., Baert A. L., Baert L. V., Lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma with CT and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: prospective study of 285 patients Radiology 1994 190 2 315 322 (Pubitemid 24044226)
113. Walsh J. W., Amendola M. A., CT detection of pelvic and inguinal LN metastases from primary and recurrent pelvic malignant disease Radiology 1980 137 157 166 (Pubitemid 10002566)
114. ODowd G. J., Veltri R. W., Orozco R., Miller M. C., Oesterling J. E., Update on the appropriate staging evaluation for newly diagnosed prostate cancer Journal of Urology 1997 158 3 687 698
115. Walsh J. W., Amendola M. A., Konerding K. F., Computed tomographic detection of pelvic and inguinal lymph-node metastases from primary and recurrent pelvic malignant disease Radiology 1980 137 1 157 166 (Pubitemid 10002566)
116. Rrvik J., Halvorsen O. J., Albrektsen G., Haukaas S., Lymphangiography combined with biopsy and computer tomography to detect lymph node metastases in localized prostate cancer Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1998 32 2 116 119 (Pubitemid 28206804)
117. Wolf J. S. Jr., Cher M., DallEra M., Presti J. C. Jr., Hricak H., Carroll P. R., The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node metastases before radical prostatectomy Journal of Urology 1995 153 3 993 999
118. Liu I. J., Zafar M. B., Lai Y.-H., Segall G. M., Terris M. K., Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies in diagnosis and staging of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer Urology 2001 57 1 108 111 (Pubitemid 32065829)
119. Hofer C., Laubenbacher C., Block T., Breul J., Hartung R., Schwaiger M., Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is useless for the detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy European Urology 1999 36 1 31 35 (Pubitemid 29265277)
120. Effert P. J., Bares R., Handt S., Wolff J. M., Bll U., Jakse G., Metabolic imaging of untreated prostate cancer by positron emission tomography with 18fluorine-labeled deoxyglucose Journal of Urology 1996 155 3 994 998
121. Shreve P. D., Grossman H. B., Gross M. D., Wahl R. L., Metastatic prostate cancer: initial findings of PET with 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose Radiology 1996 199 3 751 756
122. Sung J., Espiritu J. I., Segall G. M., Terris M. K., Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies in the diagnosis and staging of clinically advanced prostate cancer BJU International 2003 92 1 24 27 (Pubitemid 36843022)
123. Oyama N., Akino H., Suzuki Y., The increased accumulation of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in untreated prostate cancer Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999 29 12 623 629
124. Jager P. L., Vaalburg W., Pruim J., De Vries E. G. E., Langen K.-J., Piers D. A., Radiolabeled amino acids: basic aspects and clinical applications in oncology Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2001 42 3 432 445 (Pubitemid 32207394)
125. Schmid D. T., John H., Zweifel R., Fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: initial experience Radiology 2005 235 2 623 628 (Pubitemid 40571106)
126. Igerc I., Kohlfrst S., Gallowitsch H. J., The value of 18F-Choline PET/CT in patients with elevated PSA-level and negative prostate needle biopsy for localisation of prostate cancer European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2008 35 5 976 983
127. Schiavina R., Scattoni V., Castellucci P., C 11 -choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for preoperative lymph-node staging in intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer: comparison with clinical staging nomograms European Urology 2008 54 2 392 401
128. Husarik D. B., Miralbell R., Dubs M., Evaluation of [18F]-choline PET/CT for staging and restaging of prostate cancer European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2008 35 2 253 263
129. Bouchelouche K., Capala J., Oehr P., Positron emission tomography/computed tomography and radioimmunotherapy of prostate cancer Current Opinion in Oncology 2009 21 5 469 474
130. Rinnab L., Mottaghy F. M., Simon J., [C11]choline PET/CT for targeted salvage lymph node dissection in patients with biochemical recurrence after primary curative therapy for prostate cancer: preliminary results of a prospective study Urologia Internationalis 2008 81 2 191 197
131. Rinnab L., Simon J., Hautmann R. E., [C11]choline PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy World Journal of Urology 2009 27 5 619 625
132. Krause B. J., Souvatzoglou M., Tuncel M., The detection rate of [C11]choline-PET/CT depends on the serum PSA-value in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2008 35 1 18 23 (Pubitemid 350234152)
133. Reske S. N., Blumstein N. M., Glatting G., [C11]choline PET/CT imaging in occult local relapse of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2008 35 1 9 17 (Pubitemid 350234137)
134. Nuez R., Macapinlac H. A., Yeung H. W. D., Combined 18F-FDG and C11 -methionine PET scans in patients with newly progressive metastatic prostate cancer Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2002 43 1 46 55 (Pubitemid 34101187)
135. Richter J. A., Rodrguez M., Rioja J., Dual tracer C11 -choline and FDG-PET in the diagnosis of biochemical prostate cancer relapse after radical treatment. Molecular Imaging and Biology. In press
136. Elssser-Beile U., Reischl G., Wiehr S., PET imaging of prostate cancer xenografts with a highly specific antibody against the prostate-specific membrane antigen Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2009 50 4 606 611
137. Mease R. C., Dusich C. L., Foss C. A., N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl] carbamoyl]-4-[18F]fluorobenzyl-L- cysteine, [18F]DCFBC: a new imaging probe for prostate cancer Clinical Cancer Research 2008 14 10 3036 3043
138. Food and Drug Administration Product Approval Letter: capromab pendetide. October 1996, http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/ HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/ TherapeuticBiologicApplications/ucm080734.htm
139. Kahn D., Williams R. D., Manyak M. J., 111indium-capromab pendetide in the evaluation of patients with residual or recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy Journal of Urology 1998 159 6 2041 2047 (Pubitemid 29190751)
140. Seltzer M. A., Barbaric Z., Belldegrun A., Comparison of helical computerized tomography, positron emission tomography and monoclonal antibody scans for evaluation of lymph node metastases in patients with prostate specific antigen relapse after treatment for localized prostate cancer Journal of Urology 1999 162 4 1322 1328 (Pubitemid 29428572)
141. Nagda S. N., Mohideen N., Lo S. S., Long-term follow-up of 111In-capromab pendetide (ProstaScint) scan as pretreatment assessment in patients who undergo salvage radiotherapy for rising prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2007 67 3 834 840 (Pubitemid 46215867)
142. Troyer J. K., Beckett M. L., Wright G. L. Jr., Location of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line Prostate 1997 30 4 232 242 (Pubitemid 27172834)
143. Chang S. S., Reuter V. E., Heston W. D. W., Bander N. H., Grauer L. S., Gaudin P. B., Five different anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibodies confirm PSMA expression in tumor-associated neovasculature Cancer Research 1999 59 13 3192 3198 (Pubitemid 29316022)