Depth cue combination in spontaneous eye movements

Journal of Vision

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2010, Pages

  Wismeijer, D A ^a   Erkelens, C J ^a   van Ee, R ^a   Wexler, M ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

Author keywords

Cue combination; Depth; Disparity; Perspective; Saccades; Spontaneous eye movements; Vergence

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; BINOCULAR VISION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; ORIENTATION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY;

ADULT; CUES; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORIENTATION; PHOTIC STIMULATION; VISION DISPARITY; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 79955158292     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/10.6.25     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Aglioti, S., DeSouza, J. F., & Goodale, M. A. (1995). Size-contrast illusions deceive the eye but not the hand. Current Biology, 5, 679-685.
2. Both, M. H., van Ee, R., & Erkelens, C. J. (2003). Perceived slant fromWerner's illusion affects binocular saccadic eye movements. Journal of Vision, 3(11):4, 685-697, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/3/ 11/4, doi:10.1167/3.11.4.
3. Bridgeman, B., Kirch, M., & Sperling, A. (1981). Segregation of cognitive and motor aspects of visual function using induced motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 336-342.
4. Bruno, N., & Cutting, J. E. (1988). Minimodularity and the perception of layout. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 161-170.
5. Bülthoff, H., & Mallot, H. (1988). Integration of depth modules: Stereo and shading. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 5, 1749-1758.
6. Busettini, C., & Mays, L. E. (2005a). Saccade-vergence interactions in macaques. I. Test of the omnipause multiply model. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94, 2295-2311.
7. Busettini, C., & Mays, L. E. (2005b). Saccade-vergence interactions in macaques. II. Vergence enhancement as the product of a local feedback vergence motor error and a weighted saccadic burst. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94, 2312-2330.
8. Chaturvedi, V., & Gisbergen, J. A. (1998). Shared target selection for combined version-vergence eye movements. Journal Neurophysiology, 80, 849-862.
9. Collewijn, H., Erkelens, C. J., & Steinman, R. M. (1995). Voluntary binocular gaze-shifts in the plane of regard: Dynamics of version and vergence. Vision Research, 35, 3335-3358.
10. Collewijn, H., Erkelens, C. J., & Steinman, R. M. (1997). Trajectories of the human binocular fixation point during conjugate and non-conjugate gaze-shifts. Vision Research, 37, 1049-1069.
11. de Grave, D. D. J., Franz, V. H., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2006). The influence of the Brentano illusion on eye and hand movements. Journal of Vision, 6(7):5, 727-738, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/6/7/5, doi:10.1167/6.7.5.
12. de Grave, D. D. J., Smeets, J. B. J., & Brenner, E. (2006). Why are saccades influenced by the Brentano illusion? Experimental Brain Research, 175, 177-182.
13. Dene've, S., Latham, P. E., & Pouget, A. (2001). Efficient computation and cue integration with noisy population codes. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 826-831.
14. Dosher, B. A., Sperling, G., & Wurst, S. A. (1986). Tradeoffs between stereopsis and proximity luminance covariance as determinants of perceived 3D structure. Vision Research, 26, 973-990.
15. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall.
16. Enright, J. T. (1984). Changes in vergence mediated by saccades. The Journal of Physiology, 350, 9-31.
17. Enright, J. T. (1986). Facilitation of vergence changes by saccades: Influences of misfocused images and of disparity stimuli in man. The Journal of Physiology, 371, 69-87.
18. Enright, J. T. (1987a). Art and the oculomotor system: Perspective illustrations evoke vergence changes. Perception, 16, 731-746.
19. Enright, J. T. (1987b). Perspective vergence: Oculomotor responses to line drawings. Vision Research, 27, 1513-1526.
20. Erkelens, C. J., & Collewijn, H. (1985). Eye movements and stereopsis during dichoptic viewing of moving random-dot stereograms. Vision Research, 25, 1689-1700.
21. Erkelens, C. J., & Regan, D. (1986). Human ocular vergence movements induced by changing size and disparity. The Journal of Physiology, 379, 145-169.
22. Erkelens, C. J., Steinman, R. M., & Collewijn, H. (1989). Ocular vergence under natural conditions. II. gaze shifts between real targets differing in distance and direction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 236, 441-465.
23. Erkelens, C. J., Van der Steen, J., Steinman, R. M., & Collewijn, H. (1989). Ocular vergence under natural conditions. I. Continuous changes of target distance along the median plane. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 236, 417-440.
24. Gamlin, P. D. (1999). Subcortical neural circuits for ocular accommodation and vergence in primates. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 19, 81-89.
25. Gnadt, J. W., & Mays, L. E. (1995). Neurons in monkey parietal area lip are tuned for eye-movement parameters in three-dimensional space. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 280-297.
26. Greenwald, H. S., Knill, D. C., & Saunders, J. A. (2005). Integrating visual cues for motor control: A matter of time. Vision Research, 45, 1975-1989.
27. Hillis, J. M., Watt, S. J., Landy, M. S., & Banks, M. S. (2004). Slant from texture and disparity cues: Optimal cue combination. Journal of Vision, 4(12):1, 967-992, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/4/12/1, doi:10.1167/4.12.1.
28. Ho, Y.-X., Serwe, S., Trommershäuser, J., Maloney, L. T., & Landy, M. S. (2009). The role of visuohaptic experience in visually perceived depth. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101, 2789-2801.
29. Hoffmann, J., & Sebald, A. (2007). Eye vergence is susceptible to the hollow-face illusion. Perception, 36, 461-470.
30. Horn, M. R. V., & Cullen, K. E. (2009). Dynamic characterization of agonist and antagonist oculomotoneurons during conjugate and disconjugate eye movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 102, 28-40.
31. Horn, M. R. V., Sylvestre, P. A., & Cullen, K. E. (2008). The brain stem saccadic burst generator encodes gaze in three-dimensional space. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99, 2602-2616.
32. Jansen, L., Onat, S., & König, P. (2009). Influence of disparity on fixation and saccades in free viewing of natural scenes. Journal of Vision, 9(1):29, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/9/1/29, doi:10.1167/9.1.29.
33. Johnston, E. B., Cumming, B. G., & Parker, A. J. (1993). Integration of depth modules: Stereopsis and texture. Vision Research, 33, 813-826.
34. Klier, E. M., Wang, H., & Crawford, J. D. (2001). The superior colliculus encodes gaze commands in retinal coordinates. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 627-632.
35. Knox, P., & Bruno, N. (2007). When does action resist visual illusion? The effect of Muller-Lyer stimuli onreflexive and voluntary saccades. Experimental Brain Research, 181, 277-287.
36. Koenderink, J., van Doorn, A., & Kappers, A. (1992). Surface perception in pictures. Perception and Psychophysics, 52, 487-496.
37. Kumar, A. N., Han, Y. H., Kirsch, R. F., Dell'Osso, L. F., King, W. M., & Leigh, R. J. (2006). Tests of models for saccade-vergence interaction using novel stimulus conditions. Biological Cybernetics, 95, 143-157.
38. Landy,M. S., Maloney, L. T., Johnston, E. B.,&Young, M. (1995). Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: In defense of weak fusion. Vision Research, 35, 389-412.
39. Mardia, K. (1972). Statistics of directional data. London: Academic Press.
40. Mays, L. E., & Gamlin, P. D. (1995). Neuronal circuitry controlling the near response. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5, 763-768.
41. McCarley, J. S., Kramer, A. F., & DiGirolamo, G. J. (2003). Differential effects of the Müller-Lyer illusion on reflexive and voluntary saccades. Journal of Vision, 3(11):9, 751-760, http://www.journalofvision. org/content/3/11/9, doi:10.1167/3.11.9.
42. Melcher, D., & Kowler, E. (1999). Shapes, surfaces and saccades. Vision Research, 39, 2929-2946.
43. Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. (1996). The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Moschovakis, A. K., Scudder, C. A., & Highstein, S. M. (1996). The microscopic anatomy and physiology of the mammalian saccadic system. Progress in Neurobiology, 50, 133-254.
45. Muller, C. M. P., Brenner, E., & Smeets, J. B. J. (2009). Testing a counter-intuitive prediction of optimal cue combination. Vision Research, 49, 134-139.
46. Orban, G., Janssen, P., & Vogels, R. (2006). Extracting 3D structure from disparity. Trends in Neurosciences, 29, 466-473.
47. Oruç, I., Maloney, L. T., & Landy, M. S. (2003). Weighted linear cue combination with possibly correlated error. Vision Research, 43, 2451-2468.
48. Ramat, S., Das, V. E., Somers, J. T., & Leigh, R. J. (1999). Tests of two hypotheses to account for different-sized saccades during disjunctive gaze shifts. Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung Expérimentation Cérébrale, 129, 500-510.
49. Regan, D., Erkelens, C. J., & Collewijn, H. (1986). Necessary conditions for the perception of motion in depth. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 27, 584-597.
50. Ringach, D. L., Hawken, M. J., & Shapley, R. (1996). Binocular eye movements caused by the perception of three-dimensional structure from motion. Vision Research, 36, 1479-1492.
51. Rogers, B. J., & Collett, T. S. (1989). The appearance of surfaces specified by motion parallax and binocular disparity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 41, 697-717.
52. Scudder, C. A., Kaneko, C. S., & Fuchs, A. F. (2002). The brainstem burst generator for saccadic eye movements: A modern synthesis. Experimental Brain Research: Experimentelle Hirnforschung Expérimentation Cérébrale, 142, 439-462.
53. Sheliga, B. M., & Miles, F. A. (2003). Perception can influence the vergence responses associated with openloop gaze shifts in 3D. Journal of Vision, 3(11):2, 654-676, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/3/11/2, doi:10.1167/3.11.2.
54. Spering, M., Montagnini, A., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2008). Competition between color and luminance for target selection in smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Journal of Vision, 8(15):16, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/8/15/16, doi:10.1167/8.15.16.
55. Stevens, K. (1983a). Surface tilt (the direction of slant): A neglected psychophysical variable. Perception and Psychophysics, 33, 241-250.
56. Stevens, K. A. (1983b). Slant-tilt: The visual encoding of surface orientation. Biological Cybernetics, 46, 183-195.
57. Sylvestre, P. A., Choi, J. T. L., & Cullen, K. E. (2003). Discharge dynamics of oculomotor neural integrator neurons during conjugate and disjunctive saccades and fixation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 739-754.
58. Sylvestre, P. A., & Cullen, K. E. (2002). Dynamics of abducens nucleus neuron discharges during disjunctive saccades. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88, 3452-3468.
59. Sylvestre, P. A., Galiana, H. L., & Cullen, K. E. (2002). Conjugate and vergence oscillations during saccades and gaze shifts: Implications for integrated control of binocular movement. Journal of Neurophysiology, 87, 257-272.
60. Tsutsui, K.-I. (2002). Neural correlates for perception of 3D surface orientation from texture gradient. Science, 298, 409-412.
61. van Boxtel, J., Wexler, M., & Droulez, J. (2003). Perception of plane orientation from self-generated and passively observed optic flow. Journal of Vision, 3(5):1, 318-332, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/3/5/1, doi:10.1167/3.5.1.
62. van Ee, R., Adams, W. J., & Mamassian, P. (2003). Bayesian modeling of cue interaction: Bistability instereoscopic slant perception. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics Image Science, and Vision, 20, 1398-1406.
63. van Ee, R., van Dam, L. C. J., & Erkelens, C. J. (2002). Bi-stability in perceived slant when binocular disparity and monocular perspective specify different slants. Journal of Vision, 2(9):2, 597-607, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/2/9/2, doi:10.1167/2.9.2.
64. Vishwanath, D., & Kowler, E. (2004). Saccadic localization in the presence of cues to three-dimensional shape. Journal of Vision, 4(6):4, 445-458, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/4/6/4, doi:10.1167/4.6.4.
65. Wagner, M., Ehrenstein, W. H., & Papathomas, T. V. (2009). Vergence in reverspective: Percept-driven versus data-driven eye movement control. Neuroscience Letters, 449, 142-146.
66. Walton, M. M. G., & Mays, L. E. (2003). Discharge of saccade-related superior colliculus neurons during saccades accompanied by vergence. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 1124-1139.
67. Wexler, M., & Ouarti, N. (2008). Depth affects where we look. Current Biology, 18, 1872-1876.
68. Wismeijer, D. A., & Erkelens, C. J. (2009). The effect of changing size on vergence is mediated by changing disparity. Journal of Vision, 9(13):12, 1-10, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/9/13/12, doi:10.1167/9.13.12.
69. Wismeijer, D. A., van Ee, R., & Erkelens, C. J. (2008). Depth cues, rather than perceived depth, govern vergence. Experimental Brain Research, 184, 61-70.
70. Young, M. J., Landy, M. S., & Maloney, L. T. (1993). A perturbation analysis of depth perception from combinations of texture and motion cues. Vision Research, 33, 2685-2696.
71. Zee, D. S., Fitzgibbon, E. J., & Optican, L. M. (1992). Saccade-vergence interactions in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 68, 1624-1641.