Bi-stability in perceived slant when binocular disparity and monocular perspective specify different slants

Journal of Vision

Volumn 2, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 597-607

  van Ee, Raymond ^a   van Dam, Loes C J ^a   Erkelens, Casper J ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ambiguous figures; Bi stability; Binocular disparity; Binocular vision; Stereopsis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BINOCULAR VISION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE MOVEMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEASUREMENT; MONOCULAR VISION; OBSERVER VARIATION; PHOTOMETRY; RED LIGHT; STEREOSCOPIC VISION; VISUAL INFORMATION; VISUAL ORIENTATION; VISUAL STIMULATION; ORIENTATION; PHYSIOLOGY;

DEPTH PERCEPTION; HUMANS; ORIENTATION; VISION DISPARITY; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 0038175237     PISSN: 15347362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/2.9.2     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Adams, W. J., Banks, M. S., & van Ee, R. (2001). Adaptation to three-dimensional distortions in human vision. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1063-1064.
2. Allison, R. S., & Howard, I. P. (2000a). Temporal dependencies in resolving monocular and binocular cue conflict in slant perception. Vision Research, 40, 1869-1886.
3. Allison, R. S., & Howard, I. P. (2000b). Stereopsis with persisting and dynamic textures. Vision Research, 40, 3823-3827.
4. Ames, A. (1951). Visual perception and the rotating trapezoidal window. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 65 (No. 324), 1-31.
5. Ascher, D., & Grzywacz, N. M. (2000). A Bayesian model for the measurement of visual velocity. Vision Research, 40, 3427-3434.
6. Banks, M. S., & Backus, B. T. (1998). Extra-retinal and perspective cues cause the small range of the induced effect. Vision Research, 38, 187-194.
7. Blake, A., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1990). Does the brain know the physics of specular reflection? Nature, 343, 165-169.
8. Braunstein, M. L., Andersen, G. J., Rouse, M. W., & Tittle, J. S. (1986). Recovering viewer-centered depth from disparity, occlusion, and velocity gradients. Perception & Psychophysics, 40, 216-224.
9. Buckley, D., & Frisby, J. P. (1993). Interaction of stereo, texture and outline cues in the shape perception of three-dimensional ridges. Vision Research, 33, 919-933.
10. Bülthoff, H. H. (1991). Shape from X: Psychophysics and computation. In M. S. Landy & J. A. Movshon (Eds.), Computational models of visual processing (pp. 305-330). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Bülthoff, H. H., & Mallot, H. A. (1988). Integration of depth modules: Stereo and shading. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 5, 1749-1758.
12. Bülthoff, H. H., & Mallot, H. A. (1990). Integration of stereo, shading and texture. In A. Blake & T. Troscianko (Eds.), AI and the eye (pp. 119-146). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
13. Bülthoff, H. H., & Yuille, A. L. (1990). Shape from X: Psychophysics and computation. SPIE Sensor fusion III: 3-D perception and recognition, 1383, 235-246.
14. Bülthoff, H. H., & Yuille, A. L. (1991). Bayesian models for seeing surfaces and depth. Comments on Theoretical Biology, 2, 283-314.
15. Clark, J. J., & Yuille, A. L. (1990). Data fusion for sensory information processing systems. Boston, MA: Kluwer.
16. Clark, W. C., Smith, A. H., & Rabe, A. (1955). Retinal gradient of outline as a stimulus for slant. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 9, 247-253.
17. Clark, W. C., Smith, A. H., & Rabe, A. (1956). Retinal gradients of outline distortion and binocular disparity as stimuli for slant. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 10, 77-81.
18. Cumming, B., Johnston, E., & Parker, A. (1993). Effects of different texture cues on curved surfaces viewed stereoscopically. Vision Research, 33, 827-838.
19. Cutting, J. E., & Millard, R. T. (1984). Three gradients and the perception of flat and curved surfaces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 198-216.
20. Dosher, B. A., Sperling, G., & Wurst, S. A. (1986). Tradeoffs between stereopsis and proximity luminance covariance as determinants of perceived 3D structure. Vision Research, 26, 973-990.
21. Flügel, J. C. (1913). The influence of attention in illusions of reversible perspective. British Journal of Psychology, 5, 357-397.
22. Freeman, R. B. (1966). Absolute threshold for visual slant: The effect of stimulus size and retinal perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71, 170-176.
23. Freeman, W. T. (1994). The generic viewpoint assumption in a framework for visual perception. Nature, 368, 542-545.
24. Freeman, W. T. (1996). The generic viewpoint assumption in a Bayesian framework. In D. C. Knill & W. Richards (Eds.), Perception as Bayesian inference (pp. 365-389). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
25. Frisby, J. P., Buckley, D., & Freeman, J. (1996). Stereo and texture cue integration in the perception of planar and curved large real surfaces. In T. Inui & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Attention and performance 16: Information integration in perception and communication (pp. 71-91). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. Frisby, J. P., Buckley, D., & Horsman, J. M. (1995). Integration of stereo, texture, and outline cues during pinhole viewing of real ridge-shaped objects and stereograms of ridges. Perception, 24, 181-198.
27. Frisby, J. P., & Mayhew, J. E. (1979). Depth inversion in random-dot stereograms. Perception, 8, 397-399.
28. Gillam, B. J. (1967). Changes in the direction of induced aniseikonic slant as a function of distance. Vision Research, 7, 777-783.
29. Gillam, B. J. (1968). Perception of slant when perspective and stereopsis conflict: Experiments with aniseikonic lenses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 299-305.
30. Gillam, B. J. (1993). Stereoscopic slant reversals: A new kind of 'induced' effect. Perception, 22, 1025-1036.
31. Gillam, B. J., & Cook, M. L. (2001). Perspective based on stereopsis and occlusion. Psychological Science, 12, 424-429.
32. Gillam, B. J., & Ryan, C. (1992). Perspective, orientation disparity, and anisotropy in stereoscopic slant perception. Perception, 21, 427-439.
33. Gregory, R. (1970). The intelligent eye. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
34. Harris, J. P. (1980). How does adaptation to disparity affect the perception of reversible figures? American Journal of Psychology, 93, 445-457.
35. Harwerth, R. S., Möller, M. C., & Wensveen, J. M. (1998). Effects of cue context on the perception of depth from combined disparity and perspectuve cues. Optometry and Vision Science, 75, 433-444.
36. Hogervorst, M. A., & Eagle, R. A. (1998). Biases in three-dimensional sructure-from-motion arise from noise in the early visual system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 265, 1587-1593.
37. Howard, I. P. (1961). An investigation of a satiation process in the reversible perspective of revolving skeletal shapes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 13, 19-33.
38. Howard, I. P., & Rogers, B. J. (2002). Depth perception. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: I. Porteous.
39. Johnston, E. B., Cumming, B. G., & Parker, A. J. (1993). Integration of depth modules: Stereopsis and texture. Vision Research, 33, 813-826.
40. Kersten, D., Bülthoff, H. H., Schwartz, B. L., & Kurtz, K. J. (1992). Interaction between transparency and SFM. Neural Computation, 4, 573-589.
41. Knill, D. C., & Richards, W. (1996). Perception as Bayesian inference. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
42. Kontsevich, L. L., & Tyler, C. W. (1999). Bayesian adaptive estimation of psychometric slope and threshold. Vision Research, 39, 2729-2737.
43. Mamassian, P., & Landy, M. S. (1998). Observer biases in the 3D interpretation of line drawings. Vision Research, 38, 2817-2832.
44. Mamassian, P., & Landy, M. S. (2001). Interaction of visual prior constraints. Vision Research, 41, 2653-2668.
45. McDougall, W. (1906). Physiological factors of the attention process (IV). Mind, 15, 329-359.
46. Nakayama, K., & Shimojo, S. (1992). Experiencing and perceiving visual surfaces. Science, 257, 1357-1363.
47. Papathomas, T. V. (2000). See how they turn: False depth and motion in Hughes' reverspectives. Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V, Proceedings of SPIE, 3959, 506-517.
48. Papathomas, T. V. (2002). Top-down and bottom-up processes in 3-D face perception: Psychophysics and computational model. Perception, 31, 521-530.
49. Porrill, J., Frisby, J. P., Adams, W. J., & Buckley, D. (1999). Robust and optimal use of information in stereo vision. Nature, 397, 63-66.
50. Read, J. C. A. (2002). A Bayesian model of stereopsis depth and motion direction discrimination. Biological Cybernetics, 86, 117-136.
51. Rogers, B. J., & Collett, T. S. (1989). The appearance of surfaces specified by motion parallax and binocular disparity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 697-717.
52. Rouse, M. W., Tittle, J. S., & Braunstein, M. L. (1989). Stereoscopic depth perception by static stereo-deficient observers in dynamic displays with constant and changing disparities. Optometry and Visual Science, 66, 355-362.
53. Ryan, C., & Gillam, B. (1994). Cue conflict and stereoscopic surface slant about horizontal and vertical axes. Perception, 23, 645-658.
54. Schriever, W. (1925). Experimentelle Studien für stereoskopisches Sehen. Zeitschrift für Psychology und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 96, 113-170.
55. Seagrim, G. N. (1967). Stereoscopic vision and aniseikonic lenses. I. British Journal of Psychology, 58, 337-350.
56. Smith, A. H. (1967). Perceived slant as a function of stimulus contour and vertical dimension. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24, 167-173.
57. Stevens, K. A. (1981). The information content of texture gradients. Biological Cybernetics, 42, 95-105.
58. Stevens, K. A., & Brookes, A. (1988). Integrating stereopsis with monocular interpretations of planar surfaces. Vision Research, 28, 371-386.
59. Stevens, K. A., Lees, M., & Brookes, A. (1991). Combining binocular and monocular curvature features. Perception, 20, 425-440.
60. Turner, J., Braunstein, M. L., & Andersen, G. J. (1997). Relationship between binocular disparity and motion parallax in surface detection. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 370-380.
61. van der Meer, H. C. (1979). Interrelation of the effects of binocular disparity and perspective cues on judgments of depth and height. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 481-488.
62. van Ee, R. (2001). Perceptual learning without feedback and the stability of stereoscopic slant estimation. Perception, 30, 95-114.
63. van Ee, R., Adams, W. J., & Mamassian, P. (2002). Bayesian modelling of perceived slant in bi-stable stereoscopic perception. Manuscript submitted for publication.
64. van Ee, R., & Anderson, B. L. (2001). Motion direction, speed, and orientation in binocular matching. Nature, 410, 690-694.
65. van Ee, R., Banks, M. S., & Backus, B. T. (1999). An analysis of binocular slant contrast. Perception, 28, 1121-1145.
66. van Ee, R., & Erkelens, C. J. (1996). Temporal aspects of binocular slant perception. Vision Research, 36, 43-51.
67. van Ee, R., Hol, K., & Erkelens, C. J. (2001). Bistable stereoscopic percepts and depth cue combination. Perception, 30, S42.
68. van Ee, R., & Richards, W. (2002). A planar and a volumetric test for stereoanomaly. Perception, 31, 51-64.
69. Virsu, V. (1975). Determination of perspective reversals. Nature, 257, 786-787.
70. von Helmholtz, H. (1866). Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik: Vol. III, § 26. Hamburg, Germany: Voss.
71. Wade, N. J., & Hughes, P. (1999). Fooling the eyes: Trompe l'oeil and reverse perspective. Perception, 28, 1115-1119.
72. Wheatstone, C. (1838). Contributions to the physiology of vision - Part the first; On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved phenomena of binocular vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 128, 371-394.
73. Wheatstone, C. (1852). The Bakerian Lecture: Contributions to the physiology of vision - Part the second; On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved phenomena of binocular vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 142, 1-17.
74. Yellott, J. I., & Kaiwi, J. L. (1979). Depth inversion despite stereopsis: The appearance of random-dot stereograms on surfaces seen in reverse perspective. Perception, 8, 135-142.
75. Youngs, W. M. (1976). The influence of perspective and disparity cues on the perception of slant. Vision Research, 16, 79-82.
76. Yuille, A. L., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1996). Bayesian decision theory and psychophysics. In D. C. Knill & W. Richards (Eds.), Perception as Bayesian inference (pp. 123-161). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
77. Yuille, A. L., Geiger, D., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1991). Stereo integration mean field theory and psychophysics. Network, 2, 423-442.