Advances in image-guided intratumoral drug delivery techniques

Therapeutic Delivery

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 307-322

  Solorio, Luis ^a   Patel, Ravi B ^a   Wu, Hanping ^a   Krupka, Tianyi ^a   Exner, Agata A ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CARBOPLATIN; CARMUSTINE; CISPLATIN; DEXTRAN; DOXORUBICIN; FLUOROURACIL; GADOLINIUM; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; GELATIN SPONGE; IODINATED POPPYSEED OIL; IRINOTECAN; LIPOSOME; METHOTREXATE; PACLITAXEL; POLOXAMER; POLYGLACTIN; POLYGLYCOLIC ACID; POLYLACTIC ACID; POLYMER; POLYVINYL ALCOHOL; RHENIUM 188; STARCH MICROSPHERE; STEEL; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TOPOTECAN; YTTRIUM 90;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; CONVECTION ENHANCED DELIVERY; DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DIFFUSION; DRUG ELUTING STENT; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG IMPLANT; DRUG LABELING; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG TUMOR LEVEL; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GLIOMA; HUMAN; LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURE; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATIENT CARE; PHARMACOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 79955027926     PISSN: 20415990     EISSN: 20416008     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.20     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Exner AA, Saidel GM. Drug-eluting polymer implants in cancer therapy. Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv. 5(7), 775-788 (2008).
2. Fass L. Imaging and cancer: a review. Mol. Oncol. 2(2), 115-152 (2008).
3. Hong K, Georgiades CS, Geschwind JF. Technology insight: image-guided therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma-intra-arterial and ablative techniques. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. 3(6), 315-324 (2006). (Pubitemid 43871542)
4. Kinoshita M, Mcdannold N, Jolesz FA, Hynynen K. Noninvasive localized delivery of herceptin to the mouse brain by MRI-guided focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103(31), 11719-11723 (2006). (Pubitemid 44182517)
5. Korpanty G, Carbon JG, Grayburn PA, Fleming JB, Brekken RA. Monitoring response to anticancer therapy by targeting microbubbles to tumor vasculature. Clin. Cancer Res. 13(1), 323-330 (2007). (Pubitemid 46121886)
6. Kruskal JB, Goldberg SN. Emerging therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: opportunities for radiologists. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 13(9 Pt 2), S253-258 (2002).
7. Lee DJ, Lyshchik A, Huamani J, Hallahan DE, Fleischer AC. Relationship between retention of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)- targeted ultrasonographic contrast agent and the level of VEGFR2 expression in an in vivo breast cancer model. J. Ultrasound Med. 27(6), 855-866 (2008). (Pubitemid 351913824)
8. Lu ZR, Ye F, Vaidya A. Polymer platforms for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. J. Control Release 122(3), 269-277 (2007). (Pubitemid 47404679)
9. Vossen JA, Buijs M, Kamel IR. Assessment of tumor response on MR imaging after locoregional therapy. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 9(3), 125-132 (2006). (Pubitemid 46875018)
10. Gusani NJ, Balaa FK, Steel JL et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with gemcitabine-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). A single-institution experience. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 12(1), 129-137 (2008).
11. Herber S, Otto G, Schneider J et al. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 30(6), 1156-1165 (2007). (Pubitemid 350059808)
12. Al-Ghananeem AM, Malkawi AH, Muammer YM et al. Intratumoral delivery of paclitaxel in solid tumor from biodegradable hyaluronan nanoparticle formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech. 10(2), 410-417 (2009).
13. Huppert PE, Fierlbeck G, Pereira P et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases in patients with uveal melanoma. Eur. J. Radiol. 74(3), E38-E44 (2009).
14. Breedis C, Young G. The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am. J. Pathol. 30(5), 969-977 (1954).
15. Miraglia R, Pietrosi G, Maruzzelli L et al. Efficacy of transcatheter embolization/ chemoembolization (TAE/TACE) for the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 13(21), 2952-2955 (2007). (Pubitemid 47028883)
16. Shirabe K, Kajiyama K, Harimoto N et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion. World J. Gastroenterol. 15(21), 2632-2637 (2009).
17. Benzoni E, Molaro R, Cedolini C et al. Liver resection for HCC: analysis of causes and risk factors linked to postoperative complications. Hepatogastroenterology 54(73), 186-189 (2007). (Pubitemid 46511672)
18. Teh SH, Christein J, Donohue J et al. Hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score predicts perioperative mortality. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 9(9), 1207-1215 (2005). (Pubitemid 41751112)
19. Bruix J, Lovet JM, Castells A et al. Transarterial embolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a randomized, controlled trial in a single institution. Hepatology 27(6), 1578-1583 (1998). (Pubitemid 28264682)
20. Lin DY, Liaw YF, Lee TY, Lai CM. Hepatic arterial embolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 94(2), 453-456 (1988).
21. Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso Wk et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 35(5), 1164-1171 (2002). (Pubitemid 34454013)
22. Takayasu K, Arii S, Ikai I et al. Overall survival after transarterial lipiodol infusion chemotherapy with or without embolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: propensity score analysis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 194(3), 830-837 (2010).
23. Iwazawa J, Ohue S, Mitani T et al. Identifying feeding arteries during tace of hepatic tumors: comparison of c-arm CT and digital subtraction angiography. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 192(4), 1057-1063 (2009).
24. Murakami T, Oi H, Hori M et al. CT arterial portography and CT arteriography with a triple-lumen balloon catheter. Acta. Radiol. 38(4 Pt 1), 553-557 (1997).
25. Vogl TJ, Balzer JO, Mack MG, Bett G, Oppelt A. Hybrid MR interventional imaging system: combined MR and angiography suites with single interactive table. Feasibility study in vascular liver tumor procedures. Eur. Radiol. 12(6), 1394-1400 (2002). (Pubitemid 36940213)
26. Meyer BC, Frericks BB, Voges M et al. Visualization of hypervascular liver lesions during TACE: comparison of angiographic C-arm CT and MDCT. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 190(4), W263-W269 (2008). (Pubitemid 351571513)
27. Valls C, Cos M, Figueras J et al. Pretransplantation diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: value of dual-phase helical CT. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 182(4), 1011-1017 (2004). (Pubitemid 38391666)
28. Coldwell DM, Stokes KR, Yakes WF. Embolotherapy: agents, clinical applications and techniques. Radiographics 14(3), 623-643; quiz 645-626 (1994).
29. Kan Z, Mccuskey PA, Wright KC, Wallace S. Role of Kupffer cells in iodized oil embolization. Invest. Radiol. 29(11), 990-993 (1994).
30. Nakamura H, Hashimoto T, Oi H, Sawada S. Iodized oil in the portal vein after arterial embolization. Radiology 167(2), 415-417 (1988).
31. Raoul JL, Heresbach D, Bretagne JF et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas. A study of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin. Cancer 70(3), 585-590 (1992).
32. Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Kasugai H et al. A new approach to chemoembolization therapy for hepatoma using ethiodized oil, cisplatin and gelatin sponge. Cancer 60(6), 1194-1203 (1987). (Pubitemid 17152894)
33. Jeon UB, Lee JW, Choo KS et al. Iodized oil uptake assessment with cone-beam CT in chemoembolization of small hepatocellular carcinomas. World J. Gastroenterol. 15(46), 5833-5837 (2009).
34. Liapi E, Geschwind JF. Intra-arterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: where do we stand? Ann. Surg. Oncol. 17(5), 1234-1246 (2010)?
35. Martin RC, Robbins K, Tomalty D et al. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) using irinotecan-loaded beads for the treatment of unresectable metastases to the liver in patients with colorectal cancer: an interim report. World J. Surg. Oncol. 7, 80 (2009).
36. Malagari K, Pomoni M, Kelekis A et al. Prospective randomized comparison of chemoembolization with doxorubicin-eluting beads and bland embolization with beadblock for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 33(3), 541-551 (2010).
37. Liapi E, Geschwind JF. Transcatheter and ablative therapeutic approaches for solid malignancies. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(8), 978-986 (2007). (Pubitemid 350002864)
38. De Luis E, Bilbao JI, De Ciercoles JA et al. In vivo evaluation of a new embolic spherical particle (hepasphere) in a kidney animal model. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 31(2), 367-376 (2008).
39. Poggi G, Quaretti P, Minoia C et al. Transhepatic arterial chemoembolization with oxaliplatin-eluting microspheres (OEM-TACE) for unresectable hepatic tumors. Anticancer Res. 28(6B), 3835-3842 (2008).
40. Moschouris H, Malagari K, Papadaki MG, Kornezos I, Matsaidonis D. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of hepatocellular carcinoma after chemoembolisation using drug-eluting beads: a pilot study focused on sustained tumor necrosis. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-010- 9800-7 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
41. Xia J, Ren Z, Ye S et al. Study of severe and rare complications of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for liver cancer. Eur. J. Radiol. 59(3), 407-412 (2006). (Pubitemid 44314072)
42. Malagari K, Chatzimichael K, Alexopoulou E et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with drug eluting beads: results of an open-label study of 62 patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 31(2), 269-280 (2008).
43. Kamel IR, Bluemke DA, Eng J et al. The role of functional MR imaging in the assessment of tumor response after chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 17(3), 505-512 (2006). (Pubitemid 44318722)
44. Brown DB, Gould JE, Gervais DA et al. Transcatheter therapy for hepatic malignancy: standardization of terminology and reporting criteria. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 18(12), 1469-1478 (2007). (Pubitemid 350151879)
45. Lim HK, Han JK. Hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of therapeutic response to interventional procedures. Abdom Imaging 27(2), 168-179 (2002). (Pubitemid 36460686)
46. Vitola JV, Delbeke D, Meranze SG, Mazer MJ, Pinson CW. Positron emission tomography with f-18-fluorodeoxyglucose to evaluate the results of hepatic chemoembolization. Cancer 78(10), 2216-2222 (1996). (Pubitemid 26367617)
47. Lin WY, Wang SJ, Yeh SH. Hepatic perfusion index in evaluating treatment effect of transcatheter hepatic artery embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Neoplasma 42(2), 89-92 (1995).
48. Chen G, Ma DQ, He W, Zhang BF, Zhao LQ. Computed tomography perfusion in evaluating the therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 14(37), 5738-5743 (2008).
49. Qian F, Szymanski A, Gao J. Fabrication and characterization of controlled release poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) millirods. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 55(4), 512-522 (2001). (Pubitemid 32336281)
50. Weinberg BD, Blanco E, Lempka SF, Anderson JM, Exner AA, Gao J. Combined radiofrequency ablation and doxorubicin-eluting polymer implants for liver cancer treatment. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 81(1), 205-213 (2007). (Pubitemid 46435468)
51. Athanasiou KA, Niederauer GG, Agrawal CM. Sterilization, toxicity, biocompatibility and clinical applications of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymers. Biomaterials 17(2), 93-102 (1996). (Pubitemid 26031365)
52. Jain RA. The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices. Biomaterials 21(23), 2475-2490 (2000).
53. Chen FA, Kuriakose MA, Zhou MX, Delacure MD, Dunn Rl. Biodegradable polymer-mediated intratumoral delivery of cisplatin for treatment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a chimeric mouse model. Head Neck 25(7), 554-560 (2003). (Pubitemid 36736875)
54. Exner AA, Weinberg BD, Stowe NT et al. Quantitative computed tomography analysis of local chemotherapy in liver tissue after radiofrequency ablation. Acad. Radiol. 11(12), 1326-1336 (2004). (Pubitemid 39642819)
55. Krupka TM, Weinberg BD, Ziats NP, Haaga JR, Exner AA. Injectable polymer depot combined with radiofrequency ablation for treatment of experimental carcinoma in rat. Invest. Radiol. 41(12), 890-897 (2006). (Pubitemid 44747117)
56. Brem H, Gabikian P. Biodegradable polymer implants to treat brain tumors. J. Control Release 74(1-3), 63-67 (2001). (Pubitemid 32727609)
57. Fleming AB, Saltzman WM. Pharmacokinetics of the carmustine implant. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 41(6), 403-419 (2002). (Pubitemid 34753678)
58. Haaga JR, Exner AA, Wang Y, Stowe NT, Tarcha PJ. Combined tumor therapy by using radiofrequency ablation and 5-FU-laden polymer implants. Evaluation in rats and rabbits. Radiology 237(3), 911-918 (2005). (Pubitemid 41636381)
59. Walter KA, Cahan MA, Gur A et al. Interstitial taxol delivered from a biodegradable polymer implant against experimental malignant glioma. Cancer Res. 54(8), 2207-2212 (1994). (Pubitemid 24138696)
60. Wang CC, Li J, Teo CS, Lee T. The delivery of BCNU to brain tumors. J. Control Release 61(1-2), 21-41 (1999). (Pubitemid 29406077)
61. Qian F, Nasongkla N, Gao J. Membrane-encased polymer millirods for sustained release of 5-fluorouracil. J Biomed. Mater. Res. 61(2), 203-211 (2002). (Pubitemid 34602367)
62. Weinberg BD, Ai H, Blanco E Anderson JM, Gao J. Antitumor efficacy and local distribution of doxorubicin via intratumoral delivery from polymer millirods. J. Biomed Mater. Res. A. 81(1), 161-170 (2007). (Pubitemid 46435463)
63. Hatefi A, Amsden B. Biodegradable injectable in situ forming drug delivery systems. J. Control Release 80(1-3), 9-28 (2002). (Pubitemid 34273745)
64. Jackson JK, Gleave ME, Yago V, Beraldi E, Hunter Wl, Burt HM. The suppression of human prostate tumor growth in mice by the intratumoral injection of a slow-release polymeric paste formulation of paclitaxel. Cancer Res. 60(15), 4146-4151 (2000). (Pubitemid 30636597)
65. Patel RB, Carlson AN, Solorio L, Exner AA. Characterization of formulation parameters affecting low molecular weight drug release from in situ forming drug delivery systems. J. Biomed Mater. Res. A. 94(2), 476-484 (2010).
66. Graham PD, Brodbeck KJ, McHugh AJ. Phase inversion dynamics of PLGA solutions related to drug delivery. J. Control Release 58(2), 233-245 (1999). (Pubitemid 29112894)
67. Brodbeck KJ, Desnoyer JR, McHugh AJ. Phase inversion dynamics of PLGA solutions related to drug delivery. Part ii. The role of solution thermodynamics and bath-side mass transfer. J. Control Release 62(3), 333-344 (1999). (Pubitemid 29476581)
68. McHugh AJ. The role of polymer membrane formation in sustained release drug delivery systems. J. Control Release 109(1-3), 211-221 (2005). (Pubitemid 41737265)
69. Desnoyer JR, Mchugh AJ. The effect of pluronic on the protein release kinetics of an injectable drug delivery system. J. Control Release 86(1), 15-24 (2003). (Pubitemid 35461971)
70. Solorio L, Babin BM, Patel RB, Mach J, Azar N, Exner AA. Noninvasive characterization of in situ forming implants using diagnostic ultrasound. J. Control Release 143(2), 183-190 (2010).
71. Kempe S, Metz H, Pereira PG, Mader K. Noninvasive in vivo evaluation of in situ forming PLGA implants by benchtop magnetic resonance imaging (BT-MRI) and EPR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 74(1), 102-10 (2010).
72. Weinberg BD, Blanco E, Gao J. Polymer implants for intratumoral drug delivery and cancer therapy. J. Pharm. Sci. 97(5), 1681-1702 (2008).
73. Weinberg BD, Patel RB, Exner AA, Saidel GM, Gao J. Modeling doxorubicin transport to improve intratumoral drug delivery to RF ablated tumors. J. Control Release 124(1-2), 11-19 (2007). (Pubitemid 350088208)
74. Au JL, Jang SH, Zheng J et al. Determinants of drug delivery and transport to solid tumors. J. Control Release 74(1-3), 31-46 (2001). (Pubitemid 32727607)
75. Dang W, Colvin OM, Brem H, Saltzman WM. Covalent coupling of methotrexate to dextran enhances the penetration of cytotoxicity into a tissue-like matrix. Cancer Res. 54(7), 1729-1735 (1994). (Pubitemid 24116177)
76. Weinberg BD, Patel RB, Wu H et al. Model simulation and experimental validation of intratumoral chemotherapy using multiple polymer implants. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 46(10), 1039-1049 (2008).
77. Oldendorf WH. Lipid solubility and drug penetration of the blood brain barrier. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 147(3), 813-815 (1974).
78. Kroll RA, Neuwelt EA. Outwitting the blood-brain barrier for therapeutic purposes. Osmotic opening and other means. Neurosurgery 42(5), 1083-1099; discussion 1099-1100 (1998).
79. Rapoport SI. Advances in osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier to enhance CNS chemotherapy. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 10(10), 1809-1818 (2001). (Pubitemid 32982807)
80. Sheikov N, Mcdannold N, Sharma S, Hynynen K. Effect of focused ultrasound applied with an ultrasound contrast agent on the tight junctional integrity of the brain microvascular endothelium. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 34(7), 1093-1104 (2008). (Pubitemid 351893156)
81. Yang FY, Liu SH, Ho FM, Chang CH. Effect of ultrasound contrast agent dose on the duration of focused-ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126(6), 3344-3349 (2009).
82. Doolittle ND, Jahnke K, Belanger R et al. Potential of chemo-immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy in relapsed primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma 48(9), 1712-1720 (2007). (Pubitemid 47386706)
83. Fiandaca MS, Forsayeth JR, Dickinson PJ, Bankiewicz KS. Image-guided convection-enhanced delivery platform in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neurotherapeutics 5(1), 123-127 (2008). (Pubitemid 350299297)
84. Bakhshi S, North RB. Implantable pumps for drug delivery to the brain. J. Neurooncol. 26(2), 133-139 (1995). (Pubitemid 26003223)
85. Hall WA, Sherr GT. Convection-enhanced delivery of targeted toxins for malignant glioma. Expert. Opin. Drug. Deliv. 3(3), 371-377 (2006). (Pubitemid 43772712)
86. Broaddus WC, Gillies GT, Kucharczyk J. Minimally invasive procedures. Advances in image-guided delivery of drug and cell therapies into the central nervous system. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 11(4), 727-735 (2001). (Pubitemid 34132342)
87. Rousseau J, Boudou C, Esteve F, Elleaume H. Convection-enhanced delivery of an iodine tracer into rat brain for synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 68(3), 943-951 (2007). (Pubitemid 46818758)
88. Astary GW, Kantorovich S, Carney PR, Mareci TH, Sarntinoranont M. Regional convection-enhanced delivery of gadolinium-labeled albumin in the rat hippocampus in vivo. J. Neurosci. Methods 187(1), 129-137 (2010).
89. Ding D, Kanaly CW, Bigner DD et al. Convection-enhanced delivery of free gadolinium with the recombinant immunotoxin MR1-1. J. Neurooncol. 98(1), 1-7 (2010).
90. Sampson JH, Akabani G, Friedman AH et al. Comparison of intratumoral bolus injection and convection-enhanced delivery of radiolabeled antitenascin monoclonal antibodies. Neurosurg. Focus 20(4), E14 (2006).
91. Raghavan R, Brady Ml, Rodriguez-Ponce MI, Hartlep A, Pedain C, Sampson JH. Convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics for brain disease and its optimization. Neurosurg. Focus 20(4), E12 (2006).
92. Yin D, Valles FE, Fiandaca MS et al. Optimal region of the putamen for image-guided convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics in human and nonhuman primates. Neuroimage DOI: 10.10161/j. neuroimage.2009.08.069 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
93. Kunwar S, Prados MD, Chang SM et al. Direct intracerebral delivery of cintredekin besudotox (il13-pe38qqr) in recurrent malignant glioma. A report by the cintredekin besudotox intraparenchymal study group. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(7), 837-844 (2007). (Pubitemid 350002884)
94. Lonser RR, Warren KE, Butman Ja et al. Real-time image-guided direct convective perfusion of intrinsic brainstem lesions. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 107(1), 190-197 (2007). (Pubitemid 47026491)
95. Murad GJ, Walbridge S, Morrison PF et al. Real-time, image-guided, convection-enhanced delivery of interleukin 13 bound to pseudomonas exotoxin. Clin. Cancer Res. 12(10), 3145-3151 (2006). (Pubitemid 43837363)
96. Croteau D, Walbridge S, Morrison PF et al. Real-time in vivo imaging of the convective distribution of a low-molecular-weight tracer. J. Neurosurg. 102(1), 90-97 (2005). (Pubitemid 43186701)
97. Lonser RR, Schiffman R, Robison RA et al. Image-guided, direct convective delivery of glucocerebrosidase for neuronopathic gaucher disease. Neurology 68(4), 254-261 (2007). (Pubitemid 46148336)
98. Cerullo N, Bufalino D, Daquino G. Progress in the use of gadolinium for NCT. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67(7-8 Suppl), S157-160 (2009).
99. De Stasio G, Rajesh D, Casalbore P et al. Are gadolinium contrast agents suitable for gadolinium neutron capture therapy? Neurol. Res. 27(4), 387-398 (2005). (Pubitemid 40734698)
100. Fujimoto T, Ichikawa H, Akisue T et al. Accumulation of MRI contrast agents in malignant fibrous histiocytoma for gadolinium neutron capture therapy. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67(7-8 Suppl), S355-358 (2009).
101. Le UM, Shaker Ds, Sloat BR, Cui Z. A thermo-sensitive polymeric gel containing a gadolinium (Gd) compound encapsulated into liposomes significantly extended the retention of the Gd in tumors. Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm. 34(4), 413-418 (2008). (Pubitemid 351519669)
102. Mitin VN, Kulakov VN, Khokhlov VF et al. Comparison of BNCT and GDNCT efficacy in treatment of canine cancer. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67(7-8 Suppl), S299-301 (2009).
103. Yang W, Barth RF, Wu G et al. Convection enhanced delivery of boronated EGF as a molecular targeting agent for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. J. Neuroonco. 95(3), 355-365 (2009).
104. Varenika V, Dickinson P, Bringas J et al. Detection of infusate leakage in the brain using real-time imaging of convection-enhanced delivery. J. Neurosurg. 109(5), 874-880 (2008).
105. Yin D, Forsayeth J, Bankiewicz KS. Optimized cannula design and placement for convection-enhanced delivery in rat striatum. J. Neurosci. Methods 187(1), 46-51 (2010)
106. Valles F, Fiandaca MS, Bringas J et al. Anatomic compression caused by high-volume convection-enhanced delivery to the brain. Neurosurgery 65(3), 579-585; discussion 585-576 (2009).
107. Gimenez F, Krauze MT, Valles F et al. Image-guided convection-enhanced delivery of GDNF protein into monkey putamen. Neuroimage. DOI: 10.1016/j. neuroimage.2010.01.023 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
108. Sampson JH, Archer G, Pedain C et al. Poor drug distribution as a possible explanation for the results of the precise trial. J. Neurosurg. DOI: 10.3171/2009.11. JNS0901052 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
109. Sandhu G, Solorio L, Broome A et al. Whole animal imaging. In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine Early View 2, 398-421 (2010).
110. Guthi JS, Yang SG, Huang G et al. MRI-visible micellar nanomedicine for targeted drug delivery to lung cancer cells. Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 32-40 (2009).
111. Lammers T, Subr V, Peschke P et al. Image-guided and passively tumour-targeted polymeric nanomedicines for radiochemotherapy. Br. J. Cancer 99(6), 900-910 (2008).
112. Chen CS, Jounaidi Y, Su T, Waxman DJ. Enhancement of intratumoral cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity in a p450 2b11-based cancer gene therapy model. Cancer Gene Ther. 14(12), 935-944 (2007). (Pubitemid 350115359)
113. Li HL, Li S, Shao JY et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of intratumoral injection of an adenovirus encoding endostatin in patients with advanced tumors. Gene Ther. 15(4), 247-256 (2008). (Pubitemid 351223461)
114. Xie M, Zhou L, Hu T, Yao M. Intratumoral delivery of paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for hep-2 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. Anticancer Drugs 18(4), 459-466 (2007). (Pubitemid 46712409)
115. Luo TY, Shih YH, Chen CY et al. Evaluating the potential of (188)re-ecd/lipiodol as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical by intratumoral injection for hepatoma treatment. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 24(5), 535-541 (2009).
116. Dunfee BL, Riaz A, Lewandowski RJ et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization for liver malignancies: prognostic factors associated with survival. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 21(1), 90-95 (2010).
117. Gulec SA, Fong Y. Yttrium 90 microsphere selective internal radiation treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases. Arch. Surg. 142(7), 675-682 (2007). (Pubitemid 47080453)
118. Riaz A, Salem R. Yttrium-90 radioembolization in the management of liver tumors: Expanding the global experience. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 37(3), 451-452 (2010).
119. Grahn AY, Bankiewicz KS, Dugich-Djordjevic M et al. Nonpegylated liposomes for convection-enhanced delivery of topotecan and gadodiamide in malignant glioma: initial experience. J. Neurooncol. 95(2), 185-197 (2009).
120. Vinchon-Petit S, Jarnet D, Paillard A, Benoit JP, Garcion E, Menei P. In vivo evaluation of intracellular drug-nanocarriers infused into intracranial tumours by convection-enhanced delivery: distribution and radiosensitisation efficacy. J. Neurooncol 97(2), 195-205 (2010).
121. Mackay JA, Deen DF, Szoka FC Jr. Distribution in brain of liposomes after convection enhanced delivery; modulation by particle charge, particle diameter and presence of steric coating. Brain Res. 1035(2), 139-153 (2005). (Pubitemid 40250186)