Skin Capillary Density and Microvascular Reactivity in Obese Subjects with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Microvascular Research

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 325-330

  Francischetti, Emilio A ^a   Tibirica, Eduardo ^b   Da Silva, Elizabete Goes ^a   Rodrigues, Elba ^b   Celoria, Bruno M ^a   De Abreu, Virginia Genelhu ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Capillary reserve; Intravital video microscopy; Metabolic syndrome; Microvascular reactivity; Obesity

Indexed keywords

LEPTIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD VESSEL PARAMETERS; BLOOD VESSEL REACTIVITY; BODY MASS; CAPILLARY DENSITY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL CAPILLARY RESERVE; HUMAN; HYPEREMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTRAVITAL VIDEO MICROSCOPY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MICROCIRCULATION; MICROSCOPY; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REST; SKIN BLOOD FLOW; SKIN CAPILLARY; SKIN MICROCIRCULATION; VENOUS CONGESTION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CAPILLARIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPEREMIA; INSULIN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LEPTIN; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MICROCIRCULATION; MICROSCOPIC ANGIOSCOPY; OBESITY; SKIN; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

EID: 79954464687     PISSN: 00262862     EISSN: 10959319     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Antonios T.F., Singer D.R., Markandu N.D., Mortimer P.S., MacGregor G.A. Structural skin capillary rarefaction in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1999, 33:998-1001.
2. Antonios T.F., Singer D.R., Markandu N.D., Mortimer P.S., MacGregor G.A. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in borderline essential hypertension suggests an early structural abnormality. Hypertension 1999, 34:655-658.
3. Antonios T.F., Rattray F.M., Singer D.R., Markandu N.D., Mortimer P.S., MacGregor G.A. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in normotensive offspring of individuals with essential hypertension. Heart 2003, 89:175-178.
4. Arita Y., Kihara S., Ouchi N., Takahashi M., Maeda K., Miyagawa J., Hotta K., Shimomura I., Nakamura T., Miyaoka K., Kuriyama H., Nishida M., Yamashita S., Okubo K., Matsubara K., Muraguchi M., Ohmoto Y., Funahashi T., Matsuzawa Y. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999, 257:79-83.
5. Bonora E., Kiechl S., Willeit J., Oberhollenzer F., Egger G., Meigs J.B., Bonadonna R.C., Muggeo M. Insulin resistance as estimated by homeostasis model assessment predicts incident symptomatic cardiovascular disease in caucasian subjects from the general population: the Bruneck study. Diab. Care 2007, 30:318-324.
6. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., Cushman W.C., Green L.A., Izzo J.L., Jones D.W., Materson B.J., Oparil S., Wright J.T., Roccella E.J. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003, 289:2560-2572.
7. Clerk L.H., Vincent M.A., Jahn L.A., Liu Z., Lindner J.R., Barrett E.J. Obesity blunts insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment in human forearm muscle. Diabetes 2006, 55:1436-1442.
8. Czernichow S., Greenfield J.R., Galan P., Bastard J.P., Charnaux N., Samaras K., Safar M.E., Blacher J., Hercberg S., Levy B.I. Microvascular dysfunction in healthy insulin-sensitive overweight individuals. J. Hypertens. 2010, 28:325-332.
9. Czernichow S., Greenfield J.R., Galan P., Jellouli F., Safar M.E., Blacher J., Hercberg S., Levy B.I. Macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome. Hypertens. Res. 2010, 33:293-297.
10. De Filippis E., Cusi K., Ocampo G., Berria R., Buck S., Consoli A., Mandarino L.J. Exercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006, 91:4903-4910.
11. de Jongh R.T., Serne E.H., Ijzerman R.G., de Vries G., Stehouwer C.D. Free fatty acid levels modulate microvascular function: relevance for obesity-associated insulin resistance, hypertension, and microangiopathy. Diabetes 2004, 53:2873-2882.
12. de Jongh R.T., Serne E.H., RG I.J., de Vries G., Stehouwer C.D. Impaired microvascular function in obesity: implications for obesity-associated microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Circulation 2004, 109:2529-2535.
13. Debbabi H., Uzan L., Mourad J.J., Safar M., Levy B.I., Tibirica E. Increased skin capillary density in treated essential hypertensive patients. Am. J. Hypertens. 2006, 19:477-483.
14. Despres J.P., Lemieux I., Prud'homme D. Treatment of obesity: need to focus on high risk abdominally obese patients. BMJ 2001, 322:716-720.
15. Greenfield J.R., Campbell L.V. Insulin resistance and obesity. Clin. Dermatol. 2004, 22:289-295.
16. Haynes W.G., Sivitz W.I., Morgan D.A., Walsh S.A., Mark A.L. Sympathetic and cardiorenal actions of leptin. Hypertension 1997, 30:619-623.
17. Hern S., Mortimer P.S. Visualization of dermal blood vessels-capillaroscopy. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 1999, 24:473-478.
18. Jonk A.M., Houben A.J., de Jongh R.T., Serne E.H., Schaper N.C., Stehouwer C.D. Microvascular dysfunction in obesity: a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance and hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2007, 22:252-260.
19. Kraemer-Aguiar L.G., Laflor C.M., Bouskela E. Skin microcirculatory dysfunction is already present in normoglycemic subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2008, 57:1740-1746.
20. Lakka H.M., Laaksonen D.E., Lakka T.A., Niskanen L.K., Kumpusalo E., Tuomilehto J., Salonen J.T. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002, 288:2709-2716.
21. Matthews D.R., Hosker J.P., Rudenski A.S., Naylor B.A., Treacher D.F., Turner R.C. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985, 28:412-419.
22. NCEP Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001, 285:2486-2497.
23. Rahmouni K., Morgan D.A., Morgan G.M., Mark A.L., Haynes W.G. Role of selective leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity hypertension. Diabetes 2005, 54:2012-2018.
24. Serne E.H., Gans R.O., ter Maaten J.C., Tangelder G.J., Donker A.J., Stehouwer C.D. Impaired skin capillary recruitment in essential hypertension is caused by both functional and structural capillary rarefaction. Hypertension 2001, 38:238-242.
25. Serne E.H., de Jongh R.T., Eringa E.C., RG I.J., Stehouwer C.D. Microvascular dysfunction: a potential pathophysiological role in the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2007, 50:204-211.
26. Vasan R.S., Pencina M.J., Cobain M., Freiberg M.S., D'Agostino R.B. Estimated risks for developing obesity in the Framingham Heart Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 2005, 143:473-480.
27. Vincent M.A., Dawson D., Clark A.D., Lindner J.R., Rattigan S., Clark M.G., Barrett E.J. Skeletal muscle microvascular recruitment by physiological hyperinsulinemia precedes increases in total blood flow. Diabetes 2002, 51:42-48.
28. Wiernsperger N., Nivoit P., De Aguiar L.G., Bouskela E. Microcirculation and the metabolic syndrome. Microcirculation 2007, 14:403-438.