메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 321-338

Historical perspective on the use of animal bioassays to predict carcinogenicity: Evolution in design and recognition of utility

Author keywords

Animal bioassays; animal testing; cancer bioassays; chronic animal testing; historical analysis; US public health service

Indexed keywords

ALIPHATIC COMPOUND; AROMATIC AMINE; AROMATIC COMPOUND; BICYCLO COMPOUND; CARCINOGEN; CHEMICAL AGENT; CHLOROFORM; COSMETIC; DRUG; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL; INORGANIC COMPOUND; MELAMINE; NITROSAMINE; PERCHLORATE; PHENOBARBITAL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PURINE DERIVATIVE; QUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; VINYL CHLORIDE;

EID: 79953138734     PISSN: 10408444     EISSN: 15476898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.541222     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 0028205181 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogen risk assessment in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • Albert RE. (1994). Carcinogen risk assessment in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Crit Rev Toxicol 24:75-85. (Pubitemid 24122408)
    • (1994) Critical Reviews in Toxicology , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-85
    • Albert, R.E.1
  • 3
    • 0018963815 scopus 로고
    • A general scheme for the incorporation of pharmacokinetics in low-dose risk estimation for chemical carcinogenesis: Example - vinyl chloride
    • DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(80)90231-8
    • Anderson MW, Hoel DG, Kaplan NL. (1980). A general scheme for the incorporation of pharmacokinetics in low-dose risk estimation for chemical carcinogenesis: Example - -Vinyl chloride. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 55:154-161. (Pubitemid 10036702)
    • (1980) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-161
    • Anderson, M.W.1    Hoel, D.G.2    Kaplan, N.L.3
  • 4
    • 27144534545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity assessment of industrial chemicals and airborne contaminants: Transition from in vivo to in vitro test methods: A review
    • DOI 10.1080/08958370500225240
    • Backland S, Winder C, Khalil C, Hayes A. (2005). Toxicity assessment of industrial chemicals and airborne contaminants: Transition from in vivo to in vitro test methods: A review. Inhal Toxicol 17:775-787. (Pubitemid 41504537)
    • (2005) Inhalation Toxicology , vol.17 , Issue.13 , pp. 775-787
    • Bakand, S.1    Winder, C.2    Khalil, C.3    Hayes, A.4
  • 7
    • 0024989134 scopus 로고
    • Screening assays for carcinogenic agents and mixtures: An appraisal based on data in the IARC monograph series
    • Bartsch H, Malaveille C. (1990). Screening assays for carcinogenic agents and mixtures: An appraisal based on data in the IARC monograph series. IARC Sci Publ 104:65-74.
    • (1990) IARC Sci Publ , vol.104 , pp. 65-74
    • Bartsch, H.1    Malaveille, C.2
  • 8
    • 0020972683 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity based on chemicals evaluated in the IARC monographs
    • Bartsch H, Tomatis L. (1983). Comparison between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity based on chemicals evaluated in the IARC monographs. Environ Health Perspect 47:305-317. (Pubitemid 13134671)
    • (1983) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.47 , pp. 305-317
    • Bartsch, H.1    Tomatis, L.2
  • 9
    • 64249095682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical aspects in implementing the OECD monograph No. 14 "" Te application of the principles of GLP to in vitro studies
    • Beernaert H, Vanherle AM, Bertrand S. (2008). Critical aspects in implementing the OECD monograph No. 14 ""Te application of the principles of GLP to in vitro studies."." Ann Ist Super Sanita 44:348-356.
    • (2008) Ann Ist Super Sanita , vol.44 , pp. 348-356
    • Beernaert, H.1    Vanherle, A.M.2    Bertrand, S.3
  • 10
    • 37049058392 scopus 로고
    • A colony of specifc pathogen-free rats
    • Bell DP, Elmes PC, Wheeler SM. (1964). A colony of specifc pathogen-free rats. Nature 201:273-274.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.201 , pp. 273-274
    • Bell, D.P.1    Elmes, P.C.2    Wheeler, S.M.3
  • 11
    • 0347052775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second National Toxicology Program comparative exercise on the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity: Definitive results
    • DOI 10.1016/S1383-5742(03)00051-6
    • Benigni R, Zito R. (2004). Te second National Toxicology Program comparative exercise on the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity: Defnitive results. Mutat Res 566:49-63. (Pubitemid 38045588)
    • (2004) Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research , vol.566 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-63
    • Benigni, R.1    Zito, R.2
  • 12
    • 0000905316 scopus 로고
    • Quality assurance in pathology for rodent carcinogenicity studies
    • Milman HA, Weisburger EK, eds HA Milman,and EK Weisburger (eds) Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.: Noyes Publications
    • Boorman GA, Montgomery CA, Eustis SL, Wolf MJ, McConnell EE, Hardisty JF (1985). "Quality assurance in pathology for rodent carcinogenicity studies." In: Milman HA, Weisburger EK, eds. Handbook of Carcinogen Testing. HA Milman,and EK Weisburger (eds). Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.: Noyes Publications, pp. 345-357.
    • (1985) Handbook of Carcinogen Testing , pp. 345-357
    • Boorman, G.A.1    Montgomery, C.A.2    Eustis, S.L.3    Wolf, M.J.4    McConnell, E.E.5    Hardisty, J.F.6
  • 13
    • 33745876979 scopus 로고
    • Te biological examination of carcinogenic substances
    • Boyland E. (1958). Te biological examination of carcinogenic substances. Br Med Bull 14:93-98.
    • (1958) Br Med Bull , vol.14 , pp. 93-98
    • Boyland, E.1
  • 16
    • 0024993136 scopus 로고
    • Consideration of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in predicting carcinogenic potential
    • Butterworth BE. (1990). Consideration of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in predicting carcinogenic potential. Mutat Res 239:117-132.
    • (1990) Mutat Res , vol.239 , pp. 117-132
    • Butterworth, B.E.1
  • 17
    • 0004257141 scopus 로고
    • Boston: Houghton Mifin
    • Carson R. (1962). Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifin.
    • (1962) Silent Spring
    • Carson, R.1
  • 18
    • 0025823449 scopus 로고
    • Covalent binding of inhaled formaldehyde to DNA in the respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys: Pharmacokinetics, rat-to-monkey interspecies scaling, and extrapolation to man
    • Casanova M, Morgan KT, Steinhagen WH, Everitt JI, Popp JA, Heck HD. (1991). Covalent binding of inhaled formaldehyde to DNA in the respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys: Pharmacokinetics, rat-to-monkey interspecies scaling, and extrapolation to man. Fundam Appl Toxicol 17:409-428.
    • (1991) Fundam Appl Toxicol , vol.17 , pp. 409-428
    • Casanova, M.1    Morgan, K.T.2    Steinhagen, W.H.3    Everitt, J.I.4    Popp, J.A.5    Heck, H.D.6
  • 19
    • 78651059624 scopus 로고
    • Tumour of the urinary bladder as an occupational disease in the rubber industry in England and Wales
    • Case RAM, Hosker ME. (1954). Tumour of the urinary bladder as an occupational disease in the rubber industry in England and Wales. Br J Prev Soc Med 8:39-50.
    • (1954) Br J Prev Soc Med , vol.8 , pp. 39-50
    • Ram, C.1    Hosker, M.E.2
  • 20
    • 33845619928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of carcinogenicity bioassays in the IARC Monographs
    • DOI 10.1196/annals.1371.014, Living in a Chemical World: Framing the Future in Light of the Past
    • Cogliano, VJ. 2006. Use of carcinogenicity bioassays in the IARC monographs. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 1076:592-600. (Pubitemid 44955289)
    • (2006) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1076 , pp. 592-600
    • Cogliano, V.J.1
  • 21
    • 0034750394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative models for carcinogenicity testing: Weight of evidence evaluations across models
    • Cohen SM. (2001). Alternative models for carcinogenicity testing: Weight of evidence evaluations across models. Toxicol Pathol 29(Suppl):183-190.
    • (2001) Toxicol Pathol , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 183-190
    • Cohen, S.M.1
  • 23
    • 0023731783 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, biochemical mechanism and mutation accumulation: A comprehensive model of chemical carcinogenesis
    • Conolly RB, Reitz RH, Clewell HJ 3rd, Andersen ME. (1988). Pharmacokinetics, biochemical mechanism and mutation accumulation: A comprehensive model of chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicol Lett 43:189-200.
    • (1988) Toxicol Lett , vol.43 , pp. 189-200
    • Conolly, R.B.1    Reitz, R.H.2    Andersen, M.E.3
  • 24
    • 0029061206 scopus 로고
    • Principles underlying dose selection for, and extrapolation from, the carcinogen bioassay: Dose infuences mechanism
    • Counts JL, Goodman JI. (1995). Principles underlying dose selection for, and extrapolation from, the carcinogen bioassay: Dose infuences mechanism. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 21:418-421.
    • (1995) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 418-421
    • Counts, J.L.1    Goodman, J.I.2
  • 25
    • 0015962718 scopus 로고
    • Angiosarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride
    • Creech JL, Johnson MN. (1974). Angiosarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. J Occup Med 16:150-151.
    • (1974) J Occup Med , vol.16 , pp. 150-151
    • Creech, J.L.1    Johnson, M.N.2
  • 26
    • 0019765593 scopus 로고
    • Translation of pharmacokinetic/biochemical data into risk assessment
    • Dietz FK, Reitz RH, Watanabe PG, Gehring PJ. (1981). Translation of pharmacokinetic/biochemical data into risk assessment. Adv Exp Med Biol 136(Pt B):1399-1424.
    • (1981) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.136 , Issue.PART B , pp. 1399-1424
    • Dietz, F.K.1    Reitz, R.H.2    Watanabe, P.G.3    Gehring, P.J.4
  • 27
    • 0031977884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The U.S. National Toxicology Program evaluation of transgenic mice as predictive models for identifying carcinogens
    • Eastin WC. (1998). Te U.S. National Toxicology Program evaluation of transgenic mice as predictive models for identifying carcinogens. Environ Health Perspect 106(Suppl 1):81-4. (Pubitemid 28196038)
    • (1998) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 81-84
    • Eastin, W.C.1
  • 29
    • 0023144955 scopus 로고
    • The predictivity of animal bioassays and short-term genotoxicity tests for carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity to humans
    • Ennever FK, Noonan TJ, Rosenkranz HS. (1987). Te predictivity of animal bioassays and short-term genotoxicity tests for carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity to humans. Mutagenesis 2:73-78. (Pubitemid 17045278)
    • (1987) Mutagenesis , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-78
    • Ennever, F.K.1    Noonan, T.J.2    Rosenkranz, H.S.3
  • 30
    • 78651056856 scopus 로고
    • Industrial toxicology: Dinitro-ortho-cresol
    • Fairhall LT. (1952). Industrial toxicology: Dinitro-ortho-cresol. Occup Health (Auckl) 12:132-133.
    • (1952) Occup Health (Auckl) , vol.12 , pp. 132-133
    • Fairhall, L.T.1
  • 31
    • 0003851868 scopus 로고
    • FDA Washington, DC: US Food and Drug Administration. Association of Food and Drug Ofcials of the United States
    • FDA. (1959). Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics. Washington, DC: US Food and Drug Administration. Association of Food and Drug Ofcials of the United States.
    • (1959) Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics
  • 32
    • 0039625191 scopus 로고
    • FDA Fed Regist 43 59986-60025. US Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Part 58, December 22
    • FDA. (1978). Nonclinical laboratory studies: Good laboratory practice regulations. Fed Regist 43:59986-60025. US Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Part 58, December 22.
    • (1978) Nonclinical Laboratory Studies: Good Laboratory Practice Regulations
  • 33
    • 0343217043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA US Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services
    • FDA. (2005). Milestones in US Food and Drug Law History. US Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/opacom/backgrounders/miles.html.
    • (2005) Milestones in US Food and Drug Law History
  • 34
    • 84855616715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA US Food and Drug Administration.
    • FDA. (2009). NCTR: A Look Back. US Food and Drug Administration. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/ WhatWeDo/History/FOrgsHistory/NCTR/ ucm080414.htm.
    • (2009) NCTR: A Look Back
  • 35
    • 84855629283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA [21 USC § 346]. US Food and Drug Administration
    • FDA. (2010). Tolerances for Poisonous Ingredients in Food. Sec. 406. [21 USC § 346]. US Food and Drug Administration. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Legislation/ FederalFoodDrugandCosmeticActFDCAct/FDCActChapterIVFood/ucm107545.
    • (2010) Tolerances for Poisonous Ingredients in Food. Sec. , vol.406
  • 36
    • 0002763346 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the chronic toxicity of triethylene glycol with that of diethylene glycol
    • Fitzhugh OG, Nelson AA. (1946). Comparison of the chronic toxicity of triethylene glycol with that of diethylene glycol. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28: 40-43.
    • (1946) J Ind Hyg Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 40-43
    • Fitzhugh, O.G.1    Nelson, A.A.2
  • 38
    • 33646209416 scopus 로고
    • Te birth of the ACGIH Treshold Limit Values Committee and its infuence on the development of industrial hygiene
    • LaNier ME, ed Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
    • Frederick WG. (1984). Te birth of the ACGIH Treshold Limit Values Committee and its infuence on the development of industrial hygiene. In: LaNier ME, ed. Annals of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,. Vol. 9. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 11-13.
    • (1984) Annals of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists , vol.9 , pp. 11-13
    • Frederick, W.G.1
  • 39
    • 0029153806 scopus 로고
    • Te carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: Application in identifying human cancer hazards
    • Fung VA, Barrett JC, Huf J. (1995). Te carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: Application in identifying human cancer hazards. Environ Health Perspect 103:680-683.
    • (1995) Environ Health Perspect , vol.103 , pp. 680-683
    • Fung, V.A.1    Barrett, J.C.2    Huf, J.3
  • 40
    • 0018909044 scopus 로고
    • Te ED01 study: Summary and conclusions
    • Gaylor DW. (1980). Te ED01 study: Summary and conclusions. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 3(3 Spec No):179-183.
    • (1980) J Environ Pathol Toxicol , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-183
    • Gaylor, D.W.1
  • 41
    • 13244286533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are tumor incidence rates from chronic bioassays telling us what we need to know about carcinogens?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.11.001, PII S027323000400159X
    • Gaylor DW. (2005). Are tumor incidence rates from chronic bioassays telling us what we need to know about carcinogens? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 41:128-133. (Pubitemid 40187182)
    • (2005) Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-133
    • Gaylor, D.W.1
  • 42
    • 3242661636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of benchmark dose methodology for non-cancer continuous-data health effects in animals due to exposures to dioxin (TCDD)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.04.002, PII S0273230004000327
    • Gaylor DW, Aylward LL. (2004). An evaluation of benchmark dose methodology for non-cancer continuous-data health efects in animals due to exposures to dioxin (TCDD). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 40:9-17. (Pubitemid 38950882)
    • (2004) Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-17
    • Gaylor, D.W.1    Aylward, L.L.2
  • 43
    • 0023942618 scopus 로고
    • Opportunities for improving techniques for interspecies extrapolation in the risk assessment process
    • Gibson JE, Starr TB. (1988). Opportunities for improving techniques for interspecies extrapolation in the risk assessment process. Environ Health Perspect 77:99-105.
    • (1988) Environ Health Perspect , vol.77 , pp. 99-105
    • Gibson, J.E.1    Starr, T.B.2
  • 44
    • 0031830786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do animal cancer tests tell us about human cancer risk?: Overview of analyses of the carcinogenic potency database
    • Gold LS, Slone TH, Ames BN. (1998). What do animal cancer tests tell us about human cancer risk?: Overview of analyses of the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Drug Metab Rev 30:359-404. (Pubitemid 28266868)
    • (1998) Drug Metabolism Reviews , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 359-404
    • Gold, L.S.1    Slone, T.H.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 45
    • 0034747867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perspective on current and future uses of alternative models for carcinogenicity testing
    • Goodman JI. (2001). A perspective on current and future uses of alternative models for carcinogenicity testing. Toxicol Pathol 29(Suppl):173-176.
    • (2001) Toxicol Pathol , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 173-176
    • Goodman, J.I.1
  • 46
    • 0018951958 scopus 로고
    • Toward a classification scheme for degrees of experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of chemicals for animals
    • Griesemer RA, Cueto C. (1980). Toward a classifcation scheme for degrees of experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of chemicals for animals. In: Montesano R, Bartsch H, Tomatis L, eds. Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Carcinogen Screening Tests. IARC Scientifc Publications No. 27. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 259-281. (Pubitemid 10023507)
    • (1980) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) Scientific Publications , vol.27 , pp. 259-281
    • Griesemer, R.A.1    Cueto Jr., C.2
  • 47
    • 11344266964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternatives to animal experimentation in basic research
    • Gruber FP, Hartung T. (2004). Alternatives to animal experimentation in basic research. ALTEX 1(Suppl 1):3-31. (Pubitemid 40074944)
    • (2004) Altex , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-31
    • Gruber, F.P.1    Hartung, T.2
  • 49
    • 79953160695 scopus 로고
    • Problems of testing preparations for carcinogenic properties in the chemical industry
    • O′Connor O′,Connor M, ed Wolstenholme, GEW. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
    • Hackmann C. (1958). Problems of testing preparations for carcinogenic properties in the chemical industry. In: O′Connor O′,Connor M, ed. CIBA Foundation Symposium on Carcinogenesis Mechanisms of Action, Wolstenholme, GEW. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 308-322.
    • (1958) CIBA Foundation Symposium on Carcinogenesis Mechanisms of Action , pp. 308-322
    • Hackmann, C.1
  • 50
    • 0014348266 scopus 로고
    • Tests for chemical carcinogens. Report on the activity of derivatives of aromatic amines, nitrosamines, quinolines, nitroalkanes, amides, epoxides, aziridines, and purine antimetabolites
    • Hadidian Z, Fredrickson TN, Weisburger EK, Weisburger JH, Glass RM, Mantel N. (1968). Tests for chemical carcinogens. Report on the activity of derivatives of aromatic amines, nitrosamines, quinolines, nitroalkanes, amides, epoxides, aziridines, and purine antimetabolites. J Natl Cancer Inst 41:985-1036.
    • (1968) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.41 , pp. 985-1036
    • Hadidian, Z.1    Fredrickson, T.N.2    Weisburger, E.K.3    Weisburger, J.H.4    Glass, R.M.5    Mantel, N.6
  • 51
    • 76949136053 scopus 로고
    • Te industrial hazards of the organic phosphates and related insecticides, including parathion
    • Hall WE. (1951). Te industrial hazards of the organic phosphates and related insecticides, including parathion. Ann West Med Surg 5:1025-1027.
    • (1951) Ann West Med Surg , vol.5 , pp. 1025-1027
    • Hall, W.E.1
  • 53
    • 77957188118 scopus 로고
    • Issues in carcinogenicity testing: Dose selection
    • DOI 10.1016/0272-0590(85)90050-8
    • Haseman JK. (1985). Issues in carcinogenicity testing: Dose selection. Fundam Appl Toxicol 5:66-78. (Pubitemid 15164316)
    • (1985) Fundamental and Applied Toxicology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-78
    • Haseman, J.K.1
  • 55
    • 74849140984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced neoplasia in rat and mouse models in National Toxicology Program bioassays and their relevance to human cancer
    • Hoenerhof MJ, Hong HH, Ton TV, Lahousse SA, Sills RC. (2009). A review of the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced neoplasia in rat and mouse models in National Toxicology Program bioassays and their relevance to human cancer. Toxicol Pathol 37:835-848.
    • (2009) Toxicol Pathol , vol.37 , pp. 835-848
    • Hoenerhof, M.J.1    Hong, H.H.2    Ton, T.V.3    Lahousse, S.A.4    Sills, R.C.5
  • 56
    • 9944253258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal testing and alternative approaches for the human health risk assessment under the proposed new European chemicals regulation
    • DOI 10.1007/s00204-004-0577-9
    • Höfer T, Gerner I, Gundert-Remy U, Liebsch M, Schulte A, Spielmann H, Vogel R, Wettig K. (2004). Animal testing and alternative approaches for the human health risk assessment under the proposed new European chemicals regulation. Arch Toxicol 78:549-564. (Pubitemid 39591625)
    • (2004) Archives of Toxicology , vol.78 , Issue.10 , pp. 549-564
    • Hofer, T.1    Gerner, I.2    Gundert-Remy, U.3    Liebsch, M.4    Schulte, A.5    Spielmann, H.6    Vogel, R.7    Wettig, K.8
  • 58
    • 33750905414 scopus 로고
    • Newer developments in occupational and environmental cancer
    • Hueper WC. (1957). Newer developments in occupational and environmental cancer. Arch Intern Med 100:487-503.
    • (1957) Arch Intern Med , vol.100 , pp. 487-503
    • Hueper, W.C.1
  • 66
    • 84855633544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH International Conference on HarmonizationHarmonisation
    • ICH. (1997). S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals. International Conference on HarmonizationHarmonisation. Available at: http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA490.pdf.
    • (1997) S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals
  • 69
    • 79953135441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Te rise and fall of federal food standards in the United States: Te case of the peanut butter and jelly sandwich
    • Presented at Spring conference, Aberdeen, Scotland. April 9
    • WHO Technical Report Series No. 144. Junod S. (1999). Te rise and fall of federal food standards in the United States: Te case of the peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Presented at Society for the Social History of Medicine., Spring conference, Aberdeen, Scotland. April 9.
    • (1999) Society for the Social History of Medicine
    • Junod, S.1
  • 70
    • 0018604128 scopus 로고
    • Funding impact of the National Cancer Act and beyond
    • Kalberer JT, Newell GR. (1979). Funding impact of the National Cancer Act and beyond. Cancer Res 39:4274-4284.
    • (1979) Cancer Res , vol.39 , pp. 4274-4284
    • Kalberer, J.T.1    Newell, G.R.2
  • 71
    • 0016409527 scopus 로고
    • Interim results of exposure of rats, hamsters, and mice to vinyl chloride
    • Keplinger ML, Goode JW, Gordon DE, Calandra JC. (1975). Interim results of exposure of rats, hamsters, and mice to vinyl chloride. Ann N Y Acad Sci 246:219-224.
    • (1975) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.2246 , pp. 219-224
    • Keplinger, M.L.1    Goode, J.W.2    Gordon, D.E.3    Calandra, J.C.4
  • 72
    • 0020602028 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in rats and mice after long-term inhalation exposure
    • Kerns WD, Pavkov KL, Donofrio DJ, Gralla EJ, Swenberg JA. (1983). Carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in rats and mice after long-term inhalation exposure. Cancer Res 43:4382-4392. (Pubitemid 13041877)
    • (1983) Cancer Research , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 4382-4392
    • Kerns, W.D.1    Pavkov, K.L.2    Donofrio, D.J.3
  • 73
    • 34748815249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP workshop: Animal models for the NTP rodent cancer bioassay: Stocks and strains-Should we switch?
    • King-Herbert A; Tayer K. (2006). NTP workshop: Animal models for the NTP rodent cancer bioassay: Stocks and strains-Should we switch? Toxicol.Pathol. 34:802-805.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.34 , pp. 802-805
    • King-Herbert, A.1    Tayer, K.2
  • 74
    • 73849153630 scopus 로고
    • Te provision and use of pathogen-free animals
    • Lane-Petter W. (1962). Te provision and use of pathogen-free animals. Proc R Soc Med 55:253-256.
    • (1962) Proc R Soc Med , vol.55 , pp. 253-256
    • Lane-Petter, W.1
  • 75
    • 0014768460 scopus 로고
    • A ventilation barrier to the spread of infection in laboratory animal colonies
    • Lane-Petter W. (1970). A ventilation barrier to the spread of infection in laboratory animal colonies. Lab Anim 4:125-134.
    • (1970) Lab Anim , vol.4 , pp. 125-134
    • Lane-Petter, W.1
  • 76
    • 0025868526 scopus 로고
    • Use of in vivo genetic toxicity data for risk assessment
    • Legator MS, Ward JB Jr. (1991). Use of in vivo genetic toxicity data for risk assessment. Mutat Res 250:457-65.
    • (1991) Mutat Res , vol.250 , pp. 457-65
    • Legator, M.S.1    Ward Jr., J.B.2
  • 77
    • 2342502369 scopus 로고
    • Proof of safety: Some interpretations
    • Lehman AJ. (1951). Proof of safety: Some interpretations. J Am Pharm Assoc 11:305-308.
    • (1951) J Am Pharm Assoc , vol.11 , pp. 305-308
    • Lehman, A.J.1
  • 80
    • 77952314409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative mouse models for carcinogenicity assessment: Industry use and issues with pathology interpretation
    • Long GG, Morton D, Peters T, Short B, Skydsgaard M. (2010). Alternative mouse models for carcinogenicity assessment: Industry use and issues with pathology interpretation. Toxicol Pathol 38:43-50.
    • (2010) Toxicol Pathol , vol.38 , pp. 43-50
    • Long, G.G.1    Morton, D.2    Peters, T.3    Short, B.4    Skydsgaard, M.5
  • 81
    • 0026055166 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relationships in chemical carcinogenesis: From DNA adducts to tumor incidence
    • Lutz WK. (1991). Dose-response relationships in chemical carcinogenesis: From DNA adducts to tumor incidence. Adv Exp Med Biol 283:151-156.
    • (1991) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.283 , pp. 151-156
    • Lutz, W.K.1
  • 83
    • 84914193591 scopus 로고
    • Experiments testing the carcinogenic potential of vinyl chloride Rendiconti (Accademia nazionale dei Lincei
    • Maltoni C, Lefemine G. (1974a). [Experiments testing the carcinogenic potential of vinyl chloride.] Rendiconti (Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di scienze fsiche, matematiche e naturali). 56:1-15.
    • (1974) Classe di Scienze Fsiche, Matematiche e Naturali). , vol.56 , pp. 1-15
    • Maltoni, C.1    Lefemine, G.2
  • 84
    • 0016189485 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride I. Research plan and early results
    • Maltoni C, Lefemine G. (1974b). Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride. I. Research plan and early results. Environ Res 7:387-405.
    • (1974) Environ Res , vol.7 , pp. 387-405
    • Maltoni, C.1    Lefemine, G.2
  • 85
    • 0016409526 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride Current results
    • Maltoni C, Lefemine G. (1975). Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride. Current results. Ann N Y Acad Sci 246:195-218.
    • (1975) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.246 , pp. 195-218
    • Maltoni, C.1    Lefemine, G.2
  • 86
    • 0001207347 scopus 로고
    • Safety testing of carcinogenic agents
    • Mantel N, Bryan WR. (1961). Safety testing of carcinogenic agents. J Natl Cancer Inst 27:455-471.
    • (1961) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.27 , pp. 455-471
    • Mantel, N.1    Bryan, W.R.2
  • 87
    • 0020533372 scopus 로고
    • Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test
    • Maron DM, Ames BN. (1983). Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113 (3-4):173-215. (Pubitemid 13120319)
    • (1983) Mutation Research , vol.113 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 173-215
    • Maron, D.M.1    Ames, B.N.2
  • 89
    • 0001406666 scopus 로고
    • Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals
    • McCann J, Choi E, Yamasaki E, Ames BN. (1975) Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72 (12):5135-5139.
    • (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.72 , Issue.12 , pp. 5135-5139
    • McCann, J.1    Choi, E.2    Yamasaki, E.3    Ames, B.N.4
  • 92
    • 0017551380 scopus 로고
    • Considerations in chronic toxicity testing: Te chemical, the dose, the design
    • Munro IC. (1977). Considerations in chronic toxicity testing: Te chemical, the dose, the design. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1:183-197.
    • (1977) J Environ Pathol Toxicol , vol.1 , pp. 183-197
    • Munro, I.C.1
  • 93
    • 79953131730 scopus 로고
    • Te production of cancer by specifc forms of irritation
    • Murray JA. (1922). Te production of cancer by specifc forms of irritation. Br Med J 2:1103-1104.
    • (1922) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1103-1104
    • Murray, J.A.1
  • 94
    • 84855616978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCI National Cancer Institute. Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention.
    • NCI. (2007a). Cancer Facts and the War on Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention. Available at: http://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/war/.
    • (2007) Cancer Facts and the War on Cancer
  • 95
    • 84855621231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCI National Cancer Institute.
    • NCI. (2007b). Artifcial Sweeteners and Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available at: www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/artifcial-sweeteners
    • (2007) Artifcial Sweeteners and Cancer
  • 96
    • 0000064390 scopus 로고
    • Liver tumors following cirrhosis caused by selenium in rats
    • Nelson AA, Fitzhugh OG, Calvery HO. (1943). Liver tumors following cirrhosis caused by selenium in rats. Cancer Res 3:230-236.
    • (1943) Cancer Res , vol.3 , pp. 230-236
    • Nelson, A.A.1    Fitzhugh, O.G.2    Calvery, H.O.3
  • 97
    • 79953153113 scopus 로고
    • Production of bladder stones and bladder tumors in rats by feeding of diethylene glycol
    • Nelson AA, Fitzhugh OG, Calvery HO. (1945). Production of bladder stones and bladder tumors in rats by feeding of diethylene glycol. Fed Proc Fed Am Soc Exp Pathol 4:149.
    • (1945) Fed Proc Fed Am Soc Exp Pathol , vol.4 , pp. 149
    • Nelson, A.A.1    Fitzhugh, O.G.2    Calvery, H.O.3
  • 98
    • 40949144403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis in rats using changes in gene expression following acute dosing
    • Nioi P, Pardo ID, Sherratt PJ, Snyder RD. (2008). Prediction of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis in rats using changes in gene expression following acute dosing. Chem Biol Interact 172:206-215.
    • (2008) Chem Biol Interact , vol.172 , pp. 206-215
    • Nioi, P.1    Pardo, I.D.2    Sherratt, P.J.3    Snyder, R.D.4
  • 99
    • 84855629342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    • NIOSH. (1996). NIOSH Celebrates 25th Anniversary. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Available at: http://www.cdc. gov/Niosh/updates/twenff.html. Accessed on 16 December 2008.
    • (1996) NIOSH Celebrates 25th Anniversary
  • 100
    • 0003420882 scopus 로고
    • NRC National Research Council. Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • NRC. (1983). Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Research Council. Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (1983) Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process
  • 101
    • 36248970923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRC National Research Council. Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology and Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • NRC. (2007). Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century: A Vision and a Strategy. National Research Council. Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology and Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2007) Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century: A Vision and A Strategy
  • 102
    • 61349184579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRC National Research Council. Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • NRC. (2009). Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. National Research Council. Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2009) Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment
  • 104
    • 84855631614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP National Toxicology Program.
    • NTP. (2004). History of the NTP. National Toxicology Program. Available at: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/?objectid=720163C9-BDB7-CEBA-FE4B970B9E72BF54.
    • (2004) History of the NTP
  • 105
    • 70350476694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP National Toxicology Program. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service
    • NTP. (2006). Eleventh Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Available at: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index. cfm?objectid=32BA9724-F1F6-975E- 7FCE50709CB4C932.
    • (2006) Eleventh Report on Carcinogens
  • 106
    • 84855636935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD Test Guideline 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity\/Carcinogenicity Studies. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    • OECD Accessed on 16 December 2008
    • OECD. (2009a). OECD Test Guideline 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity\/Carcinogenicity Studies. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD 453. Available at: http://www.oecdilibrary.org/oecd/content/ book/9789264071223-en. Accessed on 16 December 2008.
    • (2009) OECD , vol.453
  • 107
    • 0003479926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    • OECD. (2009b). OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals: Full List of Test Guidelines. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/11/42451771.pdf.
    • (2009) OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals: Full List of Test Guidelines
  • 108
    • 0017551385 scopus 로고
    • Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity guidelines
    • Page NP. (1977). Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity guidelines. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol 1(2):161-182.
    • (1977) J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-182
    • Page, N.P.1
  • 109
    • 0005408124 scopus 로고
    • Acute response of guinea pigs to vapors of some new commercial organic compounds. V. Vinyl chloride
    • Patty FA, Yant WP, Waite CP. (1930). Acute response of guinea pigs to vapors of some new commercial organic compounds. V. Vinyl chloride. Public Health Rep 45:1963-1971.
    • (1930) Public Health Rep , vol.45 , pp. 1963-1971
    • Patty, F.A.1    Yant, W.P.2    Waite, C.P.3
  • 110
    • 0026347782 scopus 로고
    • Efects on 4080 rats of chronic ingestion of N-nitrosodiethylamine or N-nitrosodimethylamine: A detailed dose-response study
    • Peto R, Gray R, Brantom P, Grasso P. (1991). Efects on 4080 rats of chronic ingestion of N-nitrosodiethylamine or N-nitrosodimethylamine: A detailed dose-response study. Cancer Res 51:6415-6451.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 6415-6451
    • Peto, R.1    Gray, R.2    Brantom, P.3    Grasso, P.4
  • 111
    • 0027513964 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic modeling and risk assessment
    • Portier CJ. (1993). Mechanistic modeling and risk assessment. Pharmacol Toxicol 72(Suppl 1):28-32.
    • (1993) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.72 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 28-32
    • Portier, C.J.1
  • 113
    • 0034039895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory animal tests and human cancer
    • DOI 10.1081/DMR-100100565
    • Rall DP. (2000). Laboratory animal tests and human cancer. Drug Metab Rev 32:119-128. (Pubitemid 30198551)
    • (2000) Drug Metabolism Reviews , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-128
    • Rall, D.P.1    Huff, J.2
  • 114
    • 0025938308 scopus 로고
    • Future research needs for the application of mechanistic data to risk assessment
    • Reed DJ. (1991). Future research needs for the application of mechanistic data to risk assessment. Adv Exp Med Biol 283:863-868.
    • (1991) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.283 , pp. 863-868
    • Reed, D.J.1
  • 116
    • 0023769425 scopus 로고
    • Origins of risk assessment in food safety decision making
    • Rodricks JV. (1988). Origins of risk assessment in food safety decision making. J Am Coll Toxicol 7:539-542.
    • (1988) J Am Coll Toxicol , vol.7 , pp. 539-542
    • Rodricks, J.V.1
  • 117
    • 0018990887 scopus 로고
    • Current methods in testing for carcinogenic activity
    • Roe FJ. (1980). Current methods in testing for carcinogenic activity. Br J Cancer. 41:495-496.
    • (1980) Br J Cancer. , vol.41 , pp. 495-496
    • Roe, F.J.1
  • 118
    • 84942949658 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and toxicology of certain organic phosphorus insecticides; General description of their activity and usefulness; Pharmacology; toxicology; Clinical experience; Efects on benefcial forms of life, crops and soil and residue hazards
    • Rohwer SA, Haller HL, Dubois K, Grob D, Abrams HK, Hamblin DC, Marchand JF, Lehman AJ, Hartzell A, Ward JW. (1950). Pharmacology and toxicology of certain organic phosphorus insecticides; general description of their activity and usefulness; pharmacology; toxicology; clinical experience; efects on benefcial forms of life, crops and soil and residue hazards. J Am Med Assoc 144:104-108.
    • (1950) J Am Med Assoc , vol.144 , pp. 104-108
    • Rohwer, S.A.1    Haller, H.L.2    Dubois, K.3    Grob, D.4    Abrams, H.K.5    Hamblin, D.C.6    Marchand, J.F.7    Lehman, A.J.8    Hartzell, A.9    Ward, J.W.10
  • 119
    • 50549206259 scopus 로고
    • Pathogen-free animals
    • Sacquet E. (1965). Pathogen-free animals. Food Cosmet Toxicol 3:47-55.
    • (1965) Food Cosmet Toxicol , vol.3 , pp. 47-55
    • Sacquet, E.1
  • 120
    • 0031280115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Directions for Predicting Carcinogenesis
    • Schwetz B, Gaylor D. (1997). New directions for predicting carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 20:275-279. (Pubitemid 127468297)
    • (1997) Molecular Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-279
    • Schwetz, B.1    Gaylor, D.2
  • 121
    • 0002229408 scopus 로고
    • Benzol as leucotoxin. Studies on the degeneration and regeneration of the blood and haematopoietic organs
    • Johns Hopkins
    • Selling L. (1916). Benzol as leucotoxin. Studies on the degeneration and regeneration of the blood and haematopoietic organs. Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep 17:83-149.
    • (1916) Hosp Rep , vol.17 , pp. 83-149
    • Selling, L.1
  • 124
    • 0036960610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramazzini Foundation cancer program: History and major projects, life-span carcinogenicity bioassay design, chemicals studied, and results
    • Sofriti M, Belpoggi F, Minardi F, Maltoni C. (2002). Ramazzini Foundation Cancer Program: History and major projects, life span carcinogenicity bioassay design, chemicals studies, and results. Ann N Y Acad Sci 982:26-45 (Pubitemid 36127070)
    • (2002) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.982 , pp. 26-45
    • Soffritti, M.1    Belpoggi, F.2    Minardi, F.3    Maltoni, C.4
  • 125
    • 34748884376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-span exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal life increases cancer effects in rats
    • DOI 10.1289/ehp.10271
    • Sofritti M, Belpoggi F, Tibaldi E, Esposti DD, Lauriola M. (2007) Life-span exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal life increases cancer efects in rats. Environ Health Perspect 115(9):1293-1297. (Pubitemid 47471252)
    • (2007) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.115 , Issue.9 , pp. 1293-1297
    • Soffritti, M.1    Belpoggi, F.2    Tibaldi, E.3    Esposti, D.D.4    Lauriola, M.5
  • 126
    • 0003979387 scopus 로고
    • Report to US Dept.artment of Health, Education and Welfare. Springfeld, VA: National Technical Information Service Report no. NTIS PB-264061, NCI-CG-TR-1
    • Sontag JM, Page NP, Safotti U. (1976). Guidelines for Carcinogen Bioassay in Small Rodents. Report to US Dept.artment of Health, Education and Welfare. Springfeld, VA: National Technical Information Service. Report no. NTIS PB-264061, NCI-CG-TR-1.
    • (1976) Guidelines for Carcinogen Bioassay in Small Rodents
    • Sontag, J.M.1    Page, N.P.2    Safotti, U.3
  • 127
    • 0019396349 scopus 로고
    • Re-examination of the ED01 study
    • SOT Society of Toxicology: ED01 Task Force. Fundam Appl Toxicol
    • SOT. (1981). Re-examination of the ED01 study. Review of statistics: Te need for realistic statistical models for risk assessment. Society of Toxicology: ED01 Task Force. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1:124-126.
    • (1981) Review of Statistics: Te Need for Realistic Statistical Models for Risk Assessment , vol.1 , pp. 124-126
  • 128
    • 0021975746 scopus 로고
    • Te role of mechanistic data in dose-response modeling
    • Starr TB. (1985). Te role of mechanistic data in dose-response modeling. Basic Life Sci 33:101-124.
    • (1985) Basic Life Sci , vol.33 , pp. 101-124
    • Starr, T.B.1
  • 129
    • 77957187421 scopus 로고
    • The importance of delivered dose in estimating low-dose cancer risk from inhalation exposure to formaldehyde
    • DOI 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90095-2
    • Starr TB, Buck RD. (1984). Te importance of delivered dose in estimating low-dose cancer risk from inhalation exposure to formaldehyde. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4:740-753. (Pubitemid 15184894)
    • (1984) Fundamental and Applied Toxicology , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 740-753
    • Starr, T.B.1    Buck, R.D.2
  • 130
    • 0021894623 scopus 로고
    • The mechanistic toxicology of formaldehyde and its implications for quantitative risk estimation
    • Starr TB, Gibson JE. (1985). Te mechanistic toxicology of formaldehyde and its implications for quantitative risk estimation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 25:745-767. (Pubitemid 15091001)
    • (1985) Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology , vol.25 , pp. 745-767
    • Starr, T.B.1    Gibson, J.E.2
  • 131
    • 0018939850 scopus 로고
    • Induction of squamous cell carcinomas of the rat nasal cavity by inhalation exposure to formaldehyde vapor
    • Swenberg JA, Kerns WD, Mitchell RI, Gralla EJ, Pavkov KL. (1980). Induction of squamous cell carcinomas of the rat nasal cavity by inhalation exposure to formaldehyde vapor. Cancer Res 40(9):3398-3402. (Pubitemid 10043560)
    • (1980) Cancer Research , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 3398-3402
    • Swenberg, J.A.1    Kerns, W.D.2    Mitchell, R.I.3
  • 133
    • 0029855293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of transgenic mouse bioassays for identifying carcinogens and noncarcinogens
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-1110(96)90016-0
    • Tennant RW, Spalding J, French JE. (1996). Evaluation of transgenic mouse bioassays for identifying carcinogens and noncarcinogens. Mutat Res 365:119-127. (Pubitemid 26344742)
    • (1996) Mutation Research - Reviews in Genetic Toxicology , vol.365 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 119-127
    • Tennant, R.W.1    Spalding, J.2    French, J.E.3
  • 134
    • 74949106867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of short-term transcriptional profles to assess the long-term cancer-related safety of environmental and industrial chemicals
    • Tomas RS, Bao W, Chu TM, Bessarabova M, Nikolskaya T, Nikolsky Y, Andersen ME, Wolfnger RD. (2009). Use of short-term transcriptional profles to assess the long-term cancer-related safety of environmental and industrial chemicals. Toxicol Sci 112:311-321.
    • (2009) Toxicol Sci , vol.112 , pp. 311-321
    • Tomas, R.S.1    Bao, W.2    Chu, T.M.3    Bessarabova, M.4    Nikolskaya, T.5    Nikolsky, Y.6    Andersen, M.E.7    Wolfnger, R.D.8
  • 135
    • 33847329758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of transcriptomic and metabonomic technologies for identifying biomarkers predictive of two-year rodent cancer bioassays
    • DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl171
    • Tomas RS, O′Connell O′Connell TM, Pluta L, Wolfnger RD, Yang L, Page TJ. (2007). A comparison of transcriptomic and metabonomic technologies for identifying biomarkers predictive of two-year rodent cancer bioassays. Toxicol Sci 96:40-46. (Pubitemid 46323207)
    • (2007) Toxicological Sciences , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-46
    • Thomas, R.S.1    O'Connell, T.M.2    Pluta, L.3    Wolfinger, R.D.4    Yang, L.5    Page, T.J.6
  • 136
    • 0018657516 scopus 로고
    • The predictive value of rodent carcinogenicity tests in the evaluation of human risks
    • Tomatis L. (1979). Te predictive value of rodent carcinogenicity tests in the evaluation of human risks. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 19:511-530. (Pubitemid 9156589)
    • (1979) Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology , vol.19 , pp. 511-530
    • Tomatis, L.1
  • 137
    • 79953135991 scopus 로고
    • Foreword
    • Montesano R, Bartsch H, Vainio H, Wilbourn J, Yamasaki H, eds International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Scientifc Publication No. 83, p1. Lyon: IARC
    • Tomatis L. (1986). Foreword. In: Montesano R, Bartsch H, Vainio H, Wilbourn J, Yamasaki H, eds. Long-Term and Short-Term Assays for Carcinogens: A Critical Appraisal. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Scientifc Publication No. 83, p1. Lyon: IARC.
    • (1986) Long-Term and Short-Term Assays for Carcinogens: A Critical Appraisal
    • Tomatis, L.1
  • 138
    • 2642605593 scopus 로고
    • "[Short summary of the original essay: On the artifcial cancer produced in mice]
    • Tsutsui H. (1918). "[Short summary of the original essay: On the artifcial cancer produced in mice]. GANN 12:17-21.
    • (1918) GANN , vol.12 , pp. 17-21
    • Tsutsui, H.1
  • 139
    • 0043187554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UCB Gold LS University of California, Berkeley
    • UCB, Gold LS. (2008). Te carcinogenic potency database (CPDB). University of California, Berkeley. Available at: http://potency. berkeley.edu/.
    • (2008) Te Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB)
  • 140
    • 0011980175 scopus 로고
    • Health risk and economic impact assessments of suspected carcinogens: Interim procedures and guidelines
    • US EPA
    • US EPA. (1976). Health risk and economic impact assessments of suspected carcinogens: Interim procedures and guidelines. Fed Regist 41(1102):21402-21405.
    • (1976) Fed Regist , vol.41 , Issue.1102 , pp. 21402-21405
  • 141
    • 79953152937 scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Carcinogen Assessment Group. Report no. EPA 450/R- July 1980
    • US EPA. (1980). Te Carcinogen Assessment Group′s Group′s List of Carcinogens. Washington, DC: Carcinogen Assessment Group. Report no. EPA 450/R-80-104. July 1980.
    • (1980) Te Carcinogen Assessment Group′s Group′s List of Carcinogens , pp. 80-104
  • 142
    • 0003662518 scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Carcinogen Assessment Group. Report no. EPA/630/R-00/004. September 1986
    • US EPA. (1986a). Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Carcinogen Assessment Group. Report no. EPA/630/R-00/004. September 1986.
    • (1986) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment
  • 143
    • 28444462251 scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/R-98/003. September 1986
    • US EPA. (1986b). Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/R-98/003. September 1986.
    • (1986) Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment
  • 144
    • 28444462251 scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/R-98/003. September 1986
    • US EPA. (1986). Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/R-98/003. September 1986.
    • (1986) Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment
  • 145
    • 0342356615 scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC,. EPA/600/FR-91/001,. 1991
    • US EPA. (1991a). Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC,. EPA/600/FR-91/001,. 1991.
    • (1991) Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessment
  • 147
    • 0003753796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. t Report no. 630/R-96/009
    • US EPA. (1996). Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. 630/R-96/009.
    • (1996) Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment
  • 148
    • 30344443429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/P-03/001F
    • US EPA. (2005). Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (Final). Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. Report no. EPA/630/P-03/001F.
    • (2005) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (Final)
  • 150
    • 84855635603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA Ofce of the Science Advisor. Accessed on 7 June 2010
    • US EPA. (2009). Risk Assessment Forum Publications List. Ofce of the Science Advisor. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/raf/pubyear.htm. Accessed on 7 June 2010.
    • (2009) Risk Assessment Forum Publications List
  • 152
    • 84966154236 scopus 로고
    • US PHS US Public Health Service Pub. lication No. 149. US Public Health Service, National Cancer Institute. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Ofce
    • US PHS. (1941-2000). Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity. US Public Health Service Pub. lication No. 149. US Public Health Service, National Cancer Institute. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Ofce.
    • (1941) Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity
  • 153
    • 0028247652 scopus 로고
    • Use of mechanistic and other data in identifying carcinogens: A review based on the IARC Monographs programme
    • Vainio H. (1994). Use of mechanistic and other data in identifying carcinogens: A review based on the IARC Monographs programme. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 16:281-294.
    • (1994) Arch Toxicol Suppl. , vol.16 , pp. 281-294
    • Vainio, H.1
  • 155
    • 0029644362 scopus 로고
    • Elixirs, diluents, and the passage of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
    • Wax PM. (1995). Elixirs, diluents, and the passage of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Ann Intern Med 122:456-461.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 456-461
    • Wax, P.M.1
  • 156
    • 0020671819 scopus 로고
    • History of the bioassay program of the National Cancer Institute
    • Weisburger EK. (1983). History of the bioassay program of the National Cancer Institute. Prog Exp Tumor Res 26:187-201.
    • (1983) Prog Exp Tumor Res , vol.26 , pp. 187-201
    • Weisburger, E.K.1
  • 157
    • 0002533212 scopus 로고
    • Tests for chemical carcinogens
    • Busch H, ed New York: Academic Press
    • Weisburger JH, Weisburger EK. (1967). Tests for chemical carcinogens. In: Busch H, ed. Methods in Cancer Research,. Volume Vol. I. New York: Academic Press, 307-398.
    • (1967) Methods in Cancer Research , vol.2 , pp. 307-398
    • Weisburger, J.H.1    Weisburger, E.K.2
  • 158
    • 77957174619 scopus 로고
    • Does the Delaney clause of the U.S. food and drug laws prevent human cancers?
    • Weisburger JH. (1994). Does the Delaney clause of the U.S. food and drug laws prevent human cancers? Fund. am Appl. Tox. icol 22:483-493.
    • (1994) Fund. Am Appl Tox. Icol , vol.22 , pp. 483-493
    • Weisburger, J.H.1
  • 159
    • 0032748334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity testing, then and now
    • DOI 10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00077-0, PII S1383574299000770
    • Weisburger JH. (1999). Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity testing, then and now. Mutation Research 437:105-112. (Pubitemid 29518292)
    • (1999) Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research , vol.437 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-112
    • Weisburger, J.H.1
  • 161
    • 10844270531 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic toxicity: Public health aspects
    • Woodard G, Calvery HO. (1943). Acute and chronic toxicity: Public health aspects. Ind Med 12:55-59.
    • (1943) Ind Med , vol.12 , pp. 55-59
    • Woodard, G.1    Calvery, H.O.2
  • 162
    • 0011689506 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die kunstliche erzeugung von papillom (German)=[On the experimental induction of papillomas.] [German]
    • Yamagiwa K, Ichikawa K. (1915). Ueber die kunstliche erzeugung von papillom (German)=[On the experimental induction of papillomas.] [German]. Verh Jpn Pathol Ges 5:142-149.
    • (1915) Verh Jpn Pathol Ges , vol.5 , pp. 142-149
    • Yamagiwa, K.1    Ichikawa, K.2
  • 163
    • 0003139306 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of the pathogenesis of carcinoma
    • Yamagiwa K, Ichikawa K. (1918). Experimental study of the pathogenesis of carcinoma. J Cancer Res 3:1-29.
    • (1918) J Cancer Res , vol.3 , pp. 1-29
    • Yamagiwa, K.1    Ichikawa, K.2
  • 164
    • 84882834021 scopus 로고
    • Industrial toxicology: Retrospect and prospect
    • Fourth 4th editioned., Volume Vol. II, Part A. New York: Wiley and Sons
    • Zapp JA, Doull J. (1994). Industrial toxicology: Retrospect and prospect. In: Patty′s Patty′s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Fourth 4th editioned., Volume Vol. II, Part A. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1-24.
    • (1994) Patty′s Patty′s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology , pp. 1-24
    • Zapp, J.A.1    Doull, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.