WHO universal definition of severe asthma

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 115-121

  Bush, Andrew ^a,b   Zar, Heather J ^c  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL BROMPTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Atopy; biomass fuels; severe asthma; steroid resistance; tobacco control

Indexed keywords

BECLOMETASONE; BUDESONIDE; FLUTICASONE; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PREDNISOLONE; SALBUTAMOL; THEOPHYLLINE;

ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENTS; ASTHMA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HUMANS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 79952443277     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834487ae     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al., and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet 2006; 368: 733-737.
2. Pearce N, Äit-Khaled N, Beasley R, et al. and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Studyof Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).Thorax 2007; 62:757-765. (Pubitemid 47435029)
3. Ait-Khaled N, Pearce N, Anderson HR, et al., and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global map of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis n children in Africa: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in hildhood Phase III. Allergy 2009; 64:123-148.
4. Van Niekerk CH, Weinberg EG, Shore SC, et al. Prevalence of asthma: a comparative study of urban and rural Xhosa Children. Clin Allergy 1979; 9:319-324. (Pubitemid 9245427)
5. Keeley D, Neil P, Gallivan S. Comparison of the prevalence of reversible airway obstruct in rural and urban Zimbabwean children. Thorax 1991; 46:549-553.
6. Addo Yobo E, Custovic A, et al. Exercise-induced bronchospasm in Ghana: differences in prevalence between urban and rural schoolchildren. Thorax 1997; 52:161-165. (Pubitemid 27086745)
7. Steinman HA, Donson H, Kawalski M, et al. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness and atopy in urban, peri-urban and rural South African Children. Paediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15:234-241.
8. Calvert J, Burney P. Effect of body mass on exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy in African children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:773-779. (Pubitemid 41400541)
9. Zar HJ, Ehrlich RI, Workman L, Weinberg EG. The changing prevalence of asthmafrom 1995 to 2002. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18:560-565.
10. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, et al., International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2009; 64:476-483.
11. Bousquet J, Mantzouranis E, Cruz AA, et al. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:926-938.
12. Mendis S, Fukino K, Cameron A, et al. The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low-and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85:279-288. (Pubitemid 46556727)
13. Kotwani A. Availability, price, and affordability of asthma medicines in five Indian states. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:574-579.
14. Robertson J, Forte G, Trapsida JM, Hill S. What essential medicines for children are on the shelf? Bull World Health Organ 2009; 87:231-237.
15. Padhi BK, Padhy PK. Domestic fuels, indoor air pollution, and children's health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1140:209-217.
16. Bush A, Hedlin G, Calsen K-H, et al. Severe childhood asthma: a common international approach? Lancet 2008; 372:1019-1021.
17. Hedlin G, Bush A, Lodrup Carlsen K, et al., on behalf of the Problematic Severe Asthma in Childhood Initiative group. Problematic severe asthma in children, not one problem but many: a GA2LEN. Initiative. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:196-201.
18. Bush A, Saglani S. Management of severe asthma in children. Lancet 2010; 376:814-825.
19. Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Phillips BR, et al., CARE Network. Azithromycin or montelukast as inhaled corticosteroid-sparing agents in moderate-to-severe childhood asthma study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:1138-1144.
20. Bracken MB, Fleming L, Hall P, et al. The importance of nurse led homevisits in the assessment of children with problematic asthma. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:780-784.
21. Pereira MU, Sly PD, Pitrez PM, et al. Nonatopic asthma is associated with helminth infections and bronchiolitis in poor children. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:1154-1160. (Pubitemid 46895374)
22. De Groot EP, Duiverman EJ, Brand PL. Comorbidities of asthma during childhood: possibly important, yet poorly studied. Eur Respir J 2010; 36: 671-678
23. NAEPP (National Asthma Education and Prevention Program) Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma; 2007. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/index.htm.
24. Busse WW, Lemanske RF Jr. Expert Panel Report 3: moving forward to improve asthma care. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1012-1014. (Pubitemid 350029915)
25. Holgate ST, Bousquet J, Chung KF, et al., Groupforthe Respect of Ethicsand Excellence in Science: Asthma section. Summary of recommendations for the design of clinical trials and the registration of drugs used in the treatment of asthma. Respir Med 2004; 98:479-487. (Pubitemid 38701850)
26. Vahlkvist S, Pedersen S. Fitness, daily activity and body composition in children with newly diagnosed, untreated asthma. Allergy 2009; 64: 1649-1655.
27. Vahlkvist S, Inman MD, Pedersen S. Effect of asthma treatment on fitness, daily activity and body composition in children with asthma. Allergy 2010;65:1464-1471.
28. Bisgaard H. The Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC): design, rationale, and baseline data from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93:381-389. (Pubitemid 39382980)
29. Bacharier LB, Strunk RC, Mauger D, et al. Classifying asthma severity in children: mismatch between symptoms, medication use, and lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:426-432. (Pubitemid 39214618)
30. Mittal V, Khanna P, Panjabi C, Shah A. Subjective symptom perceptual accuracy in asthmatic children and their parents in India. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 97:484-489. (Pubitemid 44595096)
31. Feldman JM, McQuaid EL, Klein RB, et al. Symptom perception andfunctional morbidity across a 1-year follow-up in pediatric asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:339-347. (Pubitemid 46608903)
32. Lurie A, Marsala C, Hartley S, et al. Patients' perception of asthma severity. Respir Med 2007; 101:2145-2152. (Pubitemid 47324240)
33. Haselkorn T, Fish JE, Zeiger RS, et al. TENOR Study. Consistently very poorly controlled asthma, as defined by the impairment domain of the Expert Panel Report 3 guidelines, increases risk for future severe asthma exacer-bations in The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens (TENOR) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 895-902.
34. Haselkorn T, Zeiger RS, Chipps BE, et al. Recent asthma exacerbations predictfutureexacerbations in children with severeordifficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:921-927.
35. Murray CS, Poletti G, Kebadze T, et al. Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children. Thorax 2006; 61:376-382. (Pubitemid 43723318)
36. Covar RA, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, et al. Factors associated with asthma exacerbations during a long-term clinical trial of controller medications in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:741-747.
37. Green RH, Brightling CE, McKenna S, et al. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:1715-1721. (Pubitemid 35447900)
38. Jayaram L, Pizzichini MM, Cook RJ, et al. Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:483-494. (Pubitemid 43372521)
39. Haldar P, Brightling CE, Hargadon B, et al. Mepolizumaband exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:973-984.
40. Nair P, Pizzichini MM, Kjarsgaard M, et al. Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthmawith sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:985-993.
41. Lødrup Carlsen KC, Hedlin G, Bush A, et al. on behalf of the PSACI (Problematic Severe Asthma in Childhood Initiative) group. Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children. Eur Respir J 2010 [Epub ahead of print].
42. Haldar P, Pavord ID, Shaw DE, et al. Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:218-224.
43. Smith JA, Drake R, Simpson A, et al. Dimensions of respiratory symptoms in preschool children: population-based birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:1358-1363. (Pubitemid 351860913)
44. Brand PL, Baraldi E, Bisgaard H, et al. Definition, assessmentand treatmentof wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based approach. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:1096-1110.