Examining the moderating influence of gender on the relationships between work-family antecedents and work-family enrichment

Gender in Management

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 122-147

  Baral, Rupashree ^a   Bhargava, Shivganesh ^b  

^a NMIMS UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY   (India)

Author keywords

Family life; Gender; Hours of work; India; Working patterns

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952329114     PISSN: 17542413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17542411111116545     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Aditya, S.M. and Sen, A.K. (1993), Executives under stress: a comparison between men and women in Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 19, pp. 1-6.
2. Agrawal, N.M. and Thite, M. (2003), Human resource issues, challenges and strategies in the Indian software industry in International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 249-64.
3. Ahuja, M. (2002), Women in information technology profession: a literature review, synthesis and research agenda in European Journal of Information System, Vol. 11, pp. 20-34.
4. Aiken, L.G. and West, S.G. (1991), Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
5. Andreassi, J.K. and Thompson, C.A. (2007), Dispositional and situational sources of control: relative impact on work-family conflict and positive spillover in Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 722-40.
6. Antonucci, T.C. and Akiyama, H. (1987), An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women in Sex Roles, Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 737-49.
7. Aryee, S., Srinivas, E.S. and Tan, H.H. (2005), Rhythms of life: antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 132-46.
8. Bala, N. and Lakshmi, S. (1992), Perceived self in educated employed and educated unemployed women in International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 257-61.
9. Balmforth, K. and Gardner, D. (2006), Conflict and facilitation between work and family: realizing the outcomes for organizations in New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 69-76.
10. Barnett, R.C. and Hyde, J.S. (2001), Women, men, work, and family: an expansionist theory in American Psychologist, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 781-96.
11. Basu, S. (2007), Gender stereotypes of women managers in Indian organizations in IIM Calcutta, Calcutta, pp. 1-40, Working Paper Series, WPS No. 580.
12. Behera, P. (2007), Impact of occupational stressors and coping resources on turnover intention, job satisfaction and burnout of male and female software professionals, IIT Bombay, Mumbai.
13. Belle, D. (1987), Gender differences in the social moderators of stress in Barnett, R.C., Biener, L. and Baruch, G.K. (Eds.), Gender and Stress, The Free Press, New York, NY, pp. 257-75.
14. Beutell, N.J. and Wittig-Berman, U. (2008), Work-family conflict and work-family synergy for generation X, baby boomers, and matures: generational differences, predictors, and satisfaction outcomes in Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 507-23.
15. Bharat, S. (2003), Women, work, and family in urban India: towards new families? in Berry, J.W., Mishra, R.C. and Tripathi, R.C. (Eds.), Psychology in Human and Social Development: Lessons from Diverse Cultures, Sage, New Delhi, pp. 155-69.
16. Bhargava, S. and Baral, R. (2009), Antecedents and consequences of work-family enrichment among Indian managers in Psychological Studies, Vol. 54, pp. 213-25.
17. Blau, P.M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, Wiley, New York, NY.
18. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986), Ecology of the family as a context for human development: research perspectives in Developmental Psychology, Vol. 22, pp. 723-42.
19. Buddhapriya, S. (2009), Work-family challenges and their impact on career decisions: a study of Indian women professionals in Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 31-45.
20. Buffardi, L.C., Smith, J.L., O'Brien, A.S. and Erdwins, C.J. (1999), The impact of dependent-care responsibility and gender on work attitudes in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 356-67.
21. Butler, T., Giordano, S. and Neren, S. (1985), Gender and sex-role attributes as predictors of utilization of natural support systems during personal stress events in Sex Roles, Vol. 13, pp. 515-24.
22. Caplan, R.D., Cobb, S., French, J.R.P. Jr, van Harrison, R. and Pinneau, S.R. Jr (1975), Job Demands and Worker Health: Main Effects and Occupational Differences, HEW Publication No. NIOSH, Washington, DC.
23. Carlson, D.S., Kacmar, K.M., Wayne, J.H. and Grzywacz, J.G. (2006), Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale in Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 131-64.
24. Census of India (2001), Work participation rate, available at: www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/workpart.aspx (accessed September 28, 2006).
25. Clark, C.S. (2001), Work cultures and work/family balance in Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 348-65.
26. D'Cruz, P. and Bharat, S. (2001), Beyond joint and nuclear: the Indian family revisited in Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 167-94.
27. Demerouti, E., Geurts, S.A.E. and Kompier, M. (2004), Positive and negative work-home interaction: prevalence and correlates in Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 23, pp. 6-35.
28. Desai, N. (1996), Women's employment and their familial role in India in Shah, A.M., Baviskar, B.S. and Ramaswamy, E.A. (Eds.), Social Structure and Change: Women in Indian Society, Vol. 2, Sage, New Delhi, pp. 98-112.
29. Eagly, A. (1987), Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
30. Eisenberger, R., Hungtington, R., Hutchison, S. and Sowa, D. (1986), Perceived organisational support in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 71, pp. 500-7.
31. Etzion, D. (1984), Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 615-22.
32. Ezzedeen, S.R. and Ritchey, K.G. (2009), Career advancement and family balance strategies of executive women in Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 388-411.
33. Felstead, A., Jewson, N., Phizacklea, A. and Walter, S. (2002), Opportunities to work at home in the context of work-life balance in Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 12, pp. 54-76.
34. Friede, A. and Ryan, A.M. (2005), The importance of the individual: how self-evaluations influence the work-family interface in Kossek, E.E. and Lambert, S. (Eds.), Work and Life Integration: Organizational, Cultural, and Individual Perspectives, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 193-210.
35. Friedman, S.D. and Greenhaus, J.H. (2000), Work and Family - Allies or Enemies?, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
36. Frone, M.R. (2003), Work-family balance in Quick, J.C. and Tetrick, L.E. (Eds.), Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp. 143-62.
37. Ghosh, R.N. and Roy, K.C. (1997), The changing status of women in India: impact of urbanization and development in International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 24, pp. 902-17.
38. Gordon, J.R., Whelan-Berry, K. and Hamilton, E.A. (2007), The relationship among work-family conflict and enhancement, organizational work-family culture, and work outcomes for older working women in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 350-64.
39. Greenhaus, J.H. and Beutell, N.J. (1985), Sources of conflict between work and family roles in Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, pp. 76-88.
40. Greenhaus, J.H. and Powell, G. (2006), When work and family are allies: a theory of work-family enrichment in Academy of Management Review, Vol. 31, pp. 72-92.
41. Grzywacz, J.G. and Butler, A.B. (2005), The impact of job characteristics on work-to-family facilitation: testing a theory and distinguishing a construct in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 97-109.
42. Grzywacz, J.G. and Marks, N.F. (2000), Family, work, work-family spillover, and problem drinking during midlife in Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 336-48.
43. Gutek, B.A., Searle, S. and Klepa, L. (1991), Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 560-8.
44. Haar, J.M. and Bardoel, E.A. (2008), Positive spillover from the work-family interface: a study of Australian employees in Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 275-87.
45. Hackman, J.R. and Oldham, G.R. (1975), Development of the job diagnostic survey in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 159-70.
46. Hackman, J.R. and Oldham, G.R. (1976), Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory in Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol. 16, pp. 250-79.
47. Hammer, L.B. and Hanson, G.C. (2006), Work-family enrichment in Greenhaus, J.H. and Callanan, G.A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Career Development, Vol. 2, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 869-71.
48. Hill, E.J. (2005), Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support in Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 793-819.
49. Hofstede, G. (1991), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, London.
50. Honeycutt, T.L. and Rosen, B. (1997), Family friendly human resource policies, salary levels, and salient identity as predictors of organizational attraction in Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 50, pp. 271-90.
51. House, J.S. (1981), Work Stress and Social Support, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
52. Karatepe, O.M. and Bekteshi, L. (2008), Antecedents and outcomes of work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation among frontline hotel employees in International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 517-28.
53. Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S. and Pulkkinen, L. (2006), Types of work-family interface: well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family in Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 47, pp. 149-62.
54. Komarraju, M. (1997), The work-family interface in India in Parasuraman, S. and Greenhaus, J.H. (Eds.), Integrating Work and Family: Challenges for a Changing World, Quorum Books, Westport, CT, pp. 104-14.
55. Konrad, A. and Harris, C. (2002), Desirability of the Bem sex-role inventory items for women and men: a comparison between African Americans and European Americans in Sex Roles, Vol. 47, pp. 259-71.
56. Kossek, E.E. and Ozeki, C. (1998), Work-family conflict, policies, and the job-life satisfaction relationship: a review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 139-49.
57. Kumar, U. (1986), Indian women and work: a paradigm for research in Psychological Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 147-60.
58. Levine, J.A. and Pittinsky, T.L. (1997), Working Fathers, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
59. Lewis, S. and Cooper, C.L. (1999), The work-family research agenda in changing contexts in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 382-93.
60. Lu, J.-F., Siu, O.-L., Spector, P.E. and Shi, K. (2009), Antecedents and outcomes of a fourfold taxonomy of work-family balance in Chinese employed parents in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 182-92.
61. Lyness, K., Thompson, C., Francesco, A. and Judiesch, M. (1999), Work and pregnancy: individual and organizational factors influencing organizational commitment timing of maternity leave and return to work in Sex Roles, Vol. 41, pp. 485-508.
62. Marks, S.R. (1977), Multiple roles and role strain: some notes on human energy, time, and commitment in American Sociological Review, Vol. 42, pp. 921-36.
63. Milkie, M.A. and Peltola, P. (1999), Playing all the roles: gender and the work-family balancing act in Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 61, pp. 476-90.
64. Narayana, G. (1982), Job analysis of workload assessment of female workers in India in ASCI Journal of Management, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 99-109.
65. NASSCOM Newsline (2008), IT-BPO sector-overview, available at: www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=54612 (accessed December 26, 2008).
66. Nathawat, S.S. and Mathur, A. (1992), Marital adjustment and subjective well-being in India-educated housewives and working women in Journal of Psychology, Vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 353-8.
67. Olson, D.A. and Shultz, K.S. (1994), Gender differences in the dimensionality of social support in Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 24, pp. 1221-32.
68. Pleck, J.H. (1985), Working Wives, Working Husbands, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
69. Poster, W.R. (2005), Three reasons for a transnational approach to work-life policy in Kossek, E.E. and Lambert, S.J. (Eds.), Work and Life Integration: Organizational, Cultural, and Individual Perspectives, Lawrence Erlbaum, Malwah, NJ, London, pp. 375-400.
70. Rajadhyaksha, U. and Bhatnagar, D. (2000), Life role salience: a study of dual career couples in the Indian context in Human Relations, Vol. 53, pp. 489-511.
71. Rajadhyaksha, U. and Smita, S. (2004), Tracing a timeline of work and family research in India in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 17, pp. 1674-80.
72. Ramu, G.N. (1989), Women, Work and Marriage in Urban India: A Study of Dual and Single-earner Couples, Sage, New Delhi.
73. Reevy, G.M. and Maslach, C. (2001), People's use of social support: gender and personality differences in Sex Roles, Vol. 44, pp. 437-59.
74. Rosenbaum, M. and Cohen, E. (1999), Equalitarian marriages, spousal support, resourcefulness and psychological distress among Israeli working women in Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 54, pp. 102-13.
75. Rothbard, N.P. (2001), Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 655-84.
76. Russ, F.A. and McNeilly, K.M. (1995), Links among satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intentions: the moderating effect of experience, gender, and performance in Journal of Business Research, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 57-65.
77. Sarason, I.G., Waltz, J.A. and Poppe, L. (1991), Perceived social support and working models of self and actual others in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 273-87.
78. Sekaran, U. (1992), Middle-class dual-earner families and their support systems in urban India in Lewis, S., Izraeli, D.N. and Hootsmans, H. (Eds.), Dual-earner Families: International Perspectives, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 46-61.
79. Seligman, M.E.P. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000), Positive psychology: an introduction in American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 5-14.
80. Sieber, S.D. (1974), Toward a theory of role accumulation in American Sociological Review, Vol. 39, pp. 567-78.
81. Sims, H.R., Szilagyi, A. and Keller, R. (1976), The measurement of job characteristics in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 195-212.
82. Sinha, J.B.P. and Sinha, D. (1990), Role of social values in Indian organizations in International Journal of Psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 705-14.
83. Thomas, L.T. and Ganster, D.C. (1995), Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: a control perspective in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 6-15.
84. Thompson, C. and Prottas, D. (2005), Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 100-18.
85. Thompson, C., Beauvais, L. and Lyness, K. (1999), When work-family benefits are not enough: the influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict in Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 392-415.
86. Voydanoff, P. (2004), The effects of work demands and resources on work-to-family conflict and facilitation in Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 66, pp. 398-412.
87. Wadsworth, L.L. and Owens, B.P. (2007), The effects of social support on work-family enhancement and work-family conflict in the public sector in Public Administration Review, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 75-87.
88. Wang, P., Lawler, J.J., Shi, K., Walumbwa, F. and Piao, M. (2008), Family-friendly employment practices: importance and effects in India, Kenya, and China in Advances in International Management, Vol. 21, pp. 235-65.
89. Wayne, J.H., Randel, A.E. and Stevens, J. (2006), The role of identity and work-family support in work-family enrichment and its work-related consequences in Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 445-61.
90. Wayne, J.H., Grzywacz, J.G., Carlson, D.S. and Kacmar, K.M. (2007), Work-family facilitation: a theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences in Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 63-76.
91. Westman, M. (2005), Cross-cultural differences in crossover research in Poelmans, S. (Ed.), Work and Family: An International Research Perspective, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 241-60.
92. Winfield, I. and Rushing, B. (2005), Bridging the border between work and family: the effects of supervisor-employee similarity in Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 55-80.
93. Wayne, J.H., Musica, N. and Fleeson, W. (2004), Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and positive spillover in Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 108-30.