Neural plasticity: The biological substrate for neurorehabilitation

PM and R

Volumn 2, Issue 12 SUPPL, 2010, Pages

  Warraich, Zuha ^a   Kleim, Jeffrey A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BRAIN INJURY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CONVALESCENCE; ELECTROSTIMULATION THERAPY; HUMAN; INJURY; LEARNING; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BRAIN INJURIES; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; HUMANS; LEARNING; MOTOR SKILLS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION;

EID: 79952277318     PISSN: 19341482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.016     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Lloyd DP, McIntyre AK. Bioelectric potentials in the nervous system and muscle. Annu Rev Physiol 1949;11:173-198.
2. James W. Principles of Psychology. MacMillan and Co. London, 1890.
3. Cajal SR. Nuevas aplicaciones del método de coloración de Golgi. Gaceta Médica Catalana 1889;12, 613-616.
4. Sherrington CS, Schäfer E. Correspondence: Letter 27th Nov 1897, in the Sharpey- Schäfer papers in the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre, the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. Reference PP/ESS/B2/8.
5. Bliss TV, Lomo T. Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol 1973;232:331-356.
6. Volkmar FR, Greenough WT. Rearing complexity affects branching of dendrites in the visual cortex of the rat. Science 1972;176:1445-1447.
7. Greenough WT, Larson JR, Withers GS. Effects of unilateral and bilateral training in a reaching task on dendritic branching of neurons in the rat motor-sensory forelimb cortex. Behav Neural Biol 1985;44:301- 314.
8. Withers GS, Fahrbach SE, Robinson GE. Selective neuroanatomical plasticity and division of labour in the honeybee. Nature 1993;364: 238-240.
9. Bailey CH, Chen M. Long-term sensitization in Aplysia increases the number of presynaptic contacts onto the identified gill motor neuron L7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988;85:9356-9359.
10. Devoogd TJ, Nixdorf B, Nottebohm F. Synaptogenesis and changes in synaptic morphology related to acquisition of a new behavior. Brain Res 1985;329:304-308.
11. Floeter MK, Greenough WT. Cerebellar plasticity: Modification of Purkinje cell structure by differential rearing in monkeys. Science 1979;206:227-229.
12. Coleman PD, Riesen AH. Environmental effects on cortical dendritic fields. I. Rearing in the dark. J Anat 1968;102:363-374.
13. Kleim JA, Lussnig E, Schwarz ER, Comery TA, Greenough WT. Synaptogenesis and Fos expression in the motor cortex of the adult rat after motor skill learning. J Neurosci 1996;16:4529-4535.
14. Black JE, Isaacs KR, Anderson BJ, Alcantara AA, Greenough WT. Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:5568-5572.
15. Kleim JA, Pipitone MA, Czerlanis C, Greenough WT. Structural stability within the lateral cerebellar nucleus of the rat following complex motor learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 1998;69:290-306.
16. Allred RP, Jones TA. Unilateral ischemic sensorimotor cortical damage in female rats: Forelimb behavioral effects and dendritic structural plasticity in the contralateral homotopic cortex. Exp Neurol 2004;190: 433-445.
17. Bury SD, Jones TA. Unilateral sensorimotor cortex lesions in adult rats facilitate motor skill learning with the "unaffected" forelimb and training- induced dendritic structural plasticity in the motor cortex. J Neurosci 2002;22:8597-8606.
18. Withers GS, Greenough WT. Reach training selectively alters dendritic branching in subpopulations of layer II-III pyramids in rat motorsomatosensory forelimb cortex. Neuropsychologia 1989;27:61-69.
19. Kleim JA, Barbay S, Cooper NR, et al. Motor learning-dependent synaptogenesis is localized to functionally reorganized motor cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2002;77:63-77.
20. Kleim JA, Hogg TM, VandenBerg PM, Cooper NR, Bruneau R, Remple M. Cortical synaptogenesis and motor map reorganization occur dur- ing late, but not early, phase of motor skill learning. J Neurosci 2004;24:628-633.
21. Rioult-Pedotti MS, Friedman D, Hess G, Donoghue JP. Strengthening of horizontal cortical connections following skill learning. Nat Neurosci 1998;1:230-234.
22. Monfils MH, Teskey GC. Skilled-learning-induced potentiation in rat sensorimotor cortex: A transient form of behavioural long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 2004;125:329-336.
23. Hodgson RA, Ji Z, Standish S, Boyd-Hodgson TE, Henderson AK, Racine RJ. Training-induced and electrically induced potentiation in the neocortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2005;83:22-32.
24. Kleim JA, Barbay S, Nudo RJ. Functional reorganization of the rat motor cortex following motor skill learning. J Neurophysiol 1998;80: 3321-3325.
25. Nudo RJ, Milliken GW, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurosci 1996;16:785-807.
26. Pascual-Leone A, Nguyet D, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills. J Neurophysiol 1995;74:1037-1045.
27. Perez MA, Lungholt BK, Nyborg K, Nielsen JB. Motor skill training induces changes in the excitability of the leg cortical area in healthy humans. Exp Brain Res 2004;159:197-205.
28. Svensson P, Romaniello A, Arendt-Nielsen L, Sessle BJ. Plasticity in corticomotor control of the human tongue musculature induced by tongue-task training. Exp Brain Res 2003;152:42-51.
29. Pearce AJ, Thickbroom GW, Byrnes ML, Mastaglia FL. Functional reorganisation of the corticomotor projection to the hand in skilled racquet players. Exp Brain Res 2000;130:238-243.
30. Issa NP, Rosenberg A, Husson TR. Models and measurements of functional maps in V1. J Neurophysiol 2008;99:2745-2754.
31. Xu Y, Chun MM. Visual grouping in human parietal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:18766-18771.
32. Large ME, Culham J, Kuchinad A, Aldcroft A, Vilis T. fMRI reveals greater within- than between-hemifield integration in the human lateral occipital cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2008;27:3299-3309.
33. Merzenich MM, Kaas JH, Sur M, Lin CS. Double representation of the body surface within cytoarchitectonic areas 3b and 1 in "SI" in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). J Comp Neurol 1978;181:41-73.
34. Rutkowski RG, Miasnikov AA, Weinberger NM. Characterisation of multiple physiological fields within the anatomical core of rat auditory cortex. Hear Res 2003;181:116-130.
35. Asanuma H, Rosen I. Spread of mono- and polysynaptic connections within cat's motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 1973;16:507-520.
36. Nudo RJ, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM, Prejean T, Grenda R. Neurophysiological correlates of hand preference in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurosci 1992;12:2918-3947.
37. Schieber MH. Constraints on somatotopic organization in the primary motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2001;86:2125-2143.
38. Wandell BA, Dumoulin SO, Brewer AA. Visual field maps in human cortex. Neuron 2007;56:366-383.
39. Dykes RW, Sur M, Merzenich MM, Kaas JH, Nelson RJ. Regional segregation of neurons responding to quickly adapting, slowly adapting, deep and Pacinian receptors within thalamic ventroposterior lateral and ventroposterior inferior nuclei in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Neuroscience 1981;6:1687-1692.
40. Wallace MT, Ramachandran R, Stein BE. A revised view of sensory cortical parcellation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:2167-2172.
41. Bizley JK, Nodal FR, Bajo VM, Nelken I, King AJ. Physiological and anatomical evidence for multisensory interactions in auditory cortex. Cereb Cortex 2007;17:2172-2189.
42. Kayser C, Petkov CI, Logothetis NK. Visual modulation of neurons in auditory cortex. Cereb Cortex 2008;18:1560-1574.
43. Foxe JJ, Morocz IA, Murray MM, Higgins BA, Javitt DC, Schroeder CE. Multisensory auditory-somatosensory interactions in early cortical processing revealed by high-density electrical mapping. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2000;10:77-83.
44. Zhou YD, Fuster JM. Visuo-tactile cross-modal associations in cortical somatosensory cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:9777-9782.
45. Baier B, Kleinschmidt A, Muller NG. Cross-modal processing in early visual and auditory cortices depends on expected statistical relationship of multisensory information. J Neurosci 2006;26:12260-12265.
46. Beeli G, Esslen M, Jancke L. Synaesthesia: When coloured sounds taste sweet. Nature 2005;434:38.
47. Burton H, Snyder AZ, Diamond JB, Raichle ME. Adaptive changes in early and late blind: A FMRI study of verb generation to heard nouns. J Neurophysiol 2002;88:3359-3371.
48. Ofan RH, Zohary E. Visual cortex activation in bilingual blind individuals during use of native and second language. Cereb Cortex 2007;17: 1249-1259.
49. Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, et al. Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 1996;380: 526-528.
50. Cohen LG, Weeks RA, Sadato N, Celnik P, Ishii K, Hallett M. Period of susceptibility for cross-modal plasticity in the blind. Ann Neurol 1999; 45:451-460.
51. Ptito M, Fumal A, de Noordhout AM, Schoenen J, Gjedde A, Kupers R. TMS of the occipital cortex induces tactile sensations in the fingers of blind Braille readers. Exp Brain Res 2008;184:193-200.
52. Pascual-Leone A, Hamilton R. The metamodal organization of the brain. Prog Brain Res 2001;134:427-445.
53. Levin MF, Kleim JA, Wolf SL. What do motor "recovery" and "compensation" mean in patients following stroke? Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23:313-319.
54. Von Monakow C. The localization in the cerebrum and the reduction of the function by cortical foci [German]. J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1914.
55. Duncan PW, Goldstein LB, Matchar D, Divine GW, Feussner J. Measurement of motor recovery after stroke. Outcome assessment and sample size requirements. Stroke 1992;23:1084-1089.
56. Nudo RJ, Wise BM, SiFuentes F, Milliken GW. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science 1996;272:1791-1794.
57. Nudo RJ, Milliken GW. Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurophysiol 1996;75:2144-2149.
58. Escudero JV, Sancho J, Bautista D, Escudero M, Lopez-Trigo J. Prognostic value of motor evoked potential obtained by transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in motor function recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998;29:1854-1859.
59. Koski L, Mernar TJ, Dobkin BH. Immediate and long-term changes in corticomotor output in response to rehabilitation: correlation with functional improvements in chronic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2004;18:230-249.
60. Karni A, Meyer G, Jezzard P, Adams MM, Turner R, Ungerleider LG. Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature 1995;377:155-158.
61. Liu Y, Rouiller EM. Mechanisms of recovery of dexterity following unilateral lesion of the sensorimotor cortex in adult monkeys. Exp Brain Res 1999;128:149-159.
62. Frost SB, Barbay S, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ. Reorganization of remote cortical regions after ischemic brain injury: A potential substrate for stroke recovery. J Neurophysiol 2003;89:3205-3214.
63. Enzinger C, Johansen-Berg H, Dawes H, et al. Functional MRI correlates of lower limb function in stroke victims with gait impairment. Stroke 2008;39:1507-1513
64. Zemke AC, Heagerty PJ, Lee C, Cramer SC Motor cortex organization after stroke is related to side of stroke and level of recovery. Stroke 2003;34:e23-e28.
65. Jankowska E, Edgley SA. How can corticospinal tract neurons contribute to ipsilateral movements? A question with implications for recovery of motor functions. Neuroscientist 2006;12:67-79.
66. Gerloff C, Bushara K, Sailer A, et al. Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke. Brain 2006;129:791-808.
67. Feydy A, Carlier R, Roby-Brami A, et al. Longitudinal study of motor recovery after stroke: Recruitment and focusing of brain activation. Stroke 2002;33:1610-1617.
68. Barbay S, Plautz EJ, Friel KM, et al. Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of delayed training following a small ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys. Exp Brain Res 2006;169:106-116.
69. Wenk CA, Thallmair M, Kartje GL, Schwab ME. Increased corticofugal plasticity after unilateral cortical lesions combined with neutralization of the IN-1 antigen in adult rats. J Comp Neurol 1999;410:143-157.
70. Monti B, Berteotti C, Contestabile A. Subchronic rolipram delivery activates hippocampal CREB and arc, enhances retention and slows down extinction of conditioned fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:278-286.
71. MacDonald E, Van der Lee H, Pocock D, et al. A novel phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, HT-0712, enhances rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery and cortical reorganization after focal cortical ischemia. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21:486-496.
72. Papadopoulos CM, Tsai SY, Cheatwood JL, et al. Dendritic plasticity in the adult rat following middle cerebral artery occlusion and Nogo-a neutralization. Cereb Cortex 2006;16:529-536.
73. Kartje GL, Schulz MK, Lopez-Yunez A, Schnell L, Schwab ME. Corticostriatal plasticity is restricted by myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors in the adult rat. Ann Neurol 1999;45:778-786.
74. Emerick AJ, Neafsey EJ, Schwab ME, Kartje GL. Functional reorganization of the motor cortex in adult rats after cortical lesion and treatment with monoclonal antibody IN-1. J Neurosci 2003;23:4826-4830.
75. Khedr EM, Abo-Elfetoh N. Therapeutic role of rTMS on recovery of dysphagia in patients with lateral medullary syndrome and brainstem infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:495-499.
76. Fregni F, Boggio PS, Valle AC, et al. A sham-controlled trial of a 5-day course of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients. Stroke 2006;37:2115-2122.
77. Kleim JA, Bruneau R, VandenBerg P, MacDonald E, Mulrooney R, Pocock D. Motor cortex stimulation enhances motor recovery and reduces peri-infarct dysfunction following ischemic insult. Neurol Res 2003;25:789-793.
78. Adkins-Muir DL, Jones TA. Cortical electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitative training: Enhanced functional recovery and dendritic plasticity following focal cortical ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 2003;25:780-788.
79. Plautz EJ, Barbay S, Frost SB, et al. Post-infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training: A feasibility study in primates. Neurol Res 2003;25: 801-810.
80. Adkins DL, Hsu JE, Jones TA. Motor cortical stimulation promotes synaptic plasticity and behavioral improvements following sensorimotor cortex lesions. Exp Neurol 2008;212:14-28.
81. Teskey GC, Flynn C, Goertzen CD, Monfils MH, Young NA. Cortical stimulation improves skilled forelimb use following a focal ischemic infarct in the rat. Neurol Res 2003;25:794-800.