메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 801-810

Post-infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training: A feasibility study in primates

Author keywords

Electrical stimulation; ICMS; Ischemic stroke; Motor cortex; Motor recovery; Squirrel monkey

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; MALE; MONKEY; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIMATE; REVIEW; STROKE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 0345359582     PISSN: 01616412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/016164103771953880     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (261)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0009639455 scopus 로고
    • Process of recovery from stroke
    • Brandstater ME, Basmajian JV, eds., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins
    • Bach-y-Rita P, Balliet R. Process of recovery from stroke. In: Brandstater ME, Basmajian JV, eds. Stroke Rebabilitation, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1987: pp. 80-108
    • (1987) Stroke Rebabilitation , pp. 80-108
    • Bach-Y-Rita, P.1    Balliet, R.2
  • 4
    • 0031038843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraint induced movement techniques to facilitate upper extremity use in stroke patients
    • Taub E, Wolf SL. Constraint induced movement techniques to facilitate upper extremity use in stroke patients. Topics Stroke Rehabil 1997; 3: 38-61
    • (1997) Topics Stroke Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 38-61
    • Taub, E.1    Wolf, S.L.2
  • 5
    • 0033961763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man
    • Goldstein LB. Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 852-859
    • (2000) Neuropharmacology , vol.39 , pp. 852-859
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 6
    • 18244415340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential use of neurotrophic growth factors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia
    • Siesjö B, Wieloch T, eds., Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • Finklestein S. The potential use of neurotrophic growth factors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. In: Siesjö B, Wieloch T, eds. Advances in Neurology, Vol 71: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage, Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996: pp. 413-418
    • (1996) Advances in Neurology, Vol 71: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage , vol.71 , pp. 413-418
    • Finklestein, S.1
  • 7
    • 0031761434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioral recovery with d-amphetamine therapy after neocortical infarction in rats
    • Stroemer RP, Kent TA, Hulsebosch CE. Enhanced neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioral recovery with d-amphetamine therapy after neocortical infarction in rats. Stroke 1998; 29: 2381-2393
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2381-2393
    • Stroemer, R.P.1    Kent, T.A.2    Hulsebosch, C.E.3
  • 8
    • 0028867303 scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke. Further evidence
    • Walker-Batson D, Smith P, Curtis S, Unwin H, Greenlee R. Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke. Further evidence. Stroke 1995; 26: 2254-2259
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 2254-2259
    • Walker-Batson, D.1    Smith, P.2    Curtis, S.3    Unwin, H.4    Greenlee, R.5
  • 10
    • 0029144459 scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery of forelimb response capacity after forelimb primary motor cortex damage in the rat is due to the reorganization of adjacent areas of cortex
    • Castro-Alamancos MA, Borrel J. Functional recovery of forelimb response capacity after forelimb primary motor cortex damage in the rat is due to the reorganization of adjacent areas of cortex. Neuroscience 1995; 68: 793-805
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.68 , pp. 793-805
    • Castro-Alamancos, M.A.1    Borrel, J.2
  • 11
    • 0031891751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block
    • Ziemann U, Corwell B, Cohen LG. Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 1115-1123
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 1115-1123
    • Ziemann, U.1    Corwell, B.2    Cohen, L.G.3
  • 12
    • 0026088904 scopus 로고
    • The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: A study with positron emission tomography
    • Chollet F, DiPiero V, Wise RJ, Brooks DJ, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS. The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: A study with positron emission tomography. Annals Neurology 1991; 29: 63-71
    • (1991) Annals Neurology , vol.29 , pp. 63-71
    • Chollet, F.1    DiPiero, V.2    Wise, R.J.3    Brooks, D.J.4    Dolan, R.J.5    Frackowiak, R.S.6
  • 14
    • 0027754364 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of cortical motor output organization following deafferentation, cerebral lesions, and skill acquisition
    • Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Pascual-Leone A, Hallett M. Plasticity of cortical motor output organization following deafferentation, cerebral lesions, and skill acquisition. Adv Neurol 1993; 63: 187-200
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 187-200
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Brasil-Neto, J.P.2    Pascual-Leone, A.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 15
    • 0026642175 scopus 로고
    • Overgrowth and pruning of dendrites in adult rats recovering from neocortical damage
    • Jones TA, Schallert T. Overgrowth and pruning of dendrites in adult rats recovering from neocortical damage. Brain Res 1992; 581: 156-160
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.581 , pp. 156-160
    • Jones, T.A.1    Schallert, T.2
  • 16
    • 0030576878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptogenesis and dendritic growth in the cortex opposite unilateral sensorimotor cortex damage in adult rats: A quantitative electron microscopic examination
    • Jones TA, Kleim JA, Greenough WT. Synaptogenesis and dendritic growth in the cortex opposite unilateral sensorimotor cortex damage in adult rats: A quantitative electron microscopic examination. Brain Res 1996; 733: 142-148
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.733 , pp. 142-148
    • Jones, T.A.1    Kleim, J.A.2    Greenough, W.T.3
  • 18
    • 0020696539 scopus 로고
    • Topographic reorganization of somatosensory areas 3b and 1 in adult monkeys following restricted deafferentation
    • Merzenich MM, Kaas JH, Wall J, Nelson RJ, Sur M, Felleman D. Topographic reorganization of somatosensory areas 3b and 1 in adult monkeys following restricted deafferentation. Neuroscience 1983; 8: 33-55
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.8 , pp. 33-55
    • Merzenich, M.M.1    Kaas, J.H.2    Wall, J.3    Nelson, R.J.4    Sur, M.5    Felleman, D.6
  • 19
    • 0029942870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys
    • Nudo RJ, Milliken GW. Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurophys 1996; 75: 2144-2149
    • (1996) J Neurophys , vol.75 , pp. 2144-2149
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2
  • 20
    • 0030931363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive plasticity in primate motor cortex as a consequence of behavioral experience and neuronal injury
    • Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Milliken GW. Adaptive plasticity in primate motor cortex as a consequence of behavioral experience and neuronal injury. Sem Neurosci 1997; 9: 13-23
    • (1997) Sem Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 13-23
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Plautz, E.J.2    Milliken, G.W.3
  • 21
    • 0023758316 scopus 로고
    • Lesion-induced plasticity in the second somatosensory cortex of adult macaques
    • Pons TP, Garraghty PE, Mishkin M. Lesion-induced plasticity in the second somatosensory cortex of adult macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1988; 85: 5279-5281
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.85 , pp. 5279-5281
    • Pons, T.P.1    Garraghty, P.E.2    Mishkin, M.3
  • 23
    • 0031944288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of primary somatosensory cortex paralleling sensorimotor skill recovery from stroke in adult monkeys
    • Xerri C, Merzenich MM, Peterson BE, Jenkins W. Plasticity of primary somatosensory cortex paralleling sensorimotor skill recovery from stroke in adult monkeys. J Neurophys 1998; 79: 2119-2148
    • (1998) J Neurophys , vol.79 , pp. 2119-2148
    • Xerri, C.1    Merzenich, M.M.2    Peterson, B.E.3    Jenkins, W.4
  • 24
    • 0024995950 scopus 로고
    • Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans
    • Bach-y-Rita P. Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans. Neuropsychologia 1990; 28: 547-554
    • (1990) Neuropsychologia , vol.28 , pp. 547-554
    • Bach-Y-Rita, P.1
  • 26
    • 0033751759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of postlesion experience on behavioral recovery and neurophysiologic reorganization after cortical injury in primates
    • Friel KM, Heddings AA, Nudo RJ. Effects of postlesion experience on behavioral recovery and neurophysiologic reorganization after cortical injury in primates. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2000; 14: 187-198
    • (2000) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.14 , pp. 187-198
    • Friel, K.M.1    Heddings, A.A.2    Nudo, R.J.3
  • 28
    • 0033571908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor skills training enhances lesion-induced structural plasticity in the motor cortex of adult rats
    • Jones TA, Chu CJ, Grande LA, Gregory AD. Motor skills training enhances lesion-induced structural plasticity in the motor cortex of adult rats. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 10153-10163
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 10153-10163
    • Jones, T.A.1    Chu, C.J.2    Grande, L.A.3    Gregory, A.D.4
  • 29
    • 0031021412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor treatment prevents dendritic atrophy and promotes recovery of function after cortical injury
    • Kolb B, Cote S, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, Cuello AC. Nerve growth factor treatment prevents dendritic atrophy and promotes recovery of function after cortical injury. Neuroscience 1997; 76: 1139-1151
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.76 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Kolb, B.1    Cote, S.2    Ribeiro-Da-Silva, A.3    Cuello, A.C.4
  • 30
    • 0032404045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dendritic pruning and behavioral recovery following sensorimotor cortex lesions
    • Kozlowski DA, Schallert T. Relationship between dendritic pruning and behavioral recovery following sensorimotor cortex lesions. Behav Brain Res 1998; 97: 89-98
    • (1998) Behav Brain Res , vol.97 , pp. 89-98
    • Kozlowski, D.A.1    Schallert, T.2
  • 33
    • 0030017218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct
    • Nudo RJ, Wise BM, SiFuentes F, Milliken GW. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science 1996; 272: 1791-1794
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1791-1794
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Wise, B.M.2    SiFuentes, F.3    Milliken, G.W.4
  • 34
    • 0034953320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex
    • Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Frost SB. Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24: 1000-1019
    • (2001) Muscle Nerve , vol.24 , pp. 1000-1019
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Plautz, E.J.2    Frost, S.B.3
  • 36
    • 0033950816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping clinically relevant plasticity after stroke
    • Cramer SC, Bastings EP. Mapping clinically relevant plasticity after stroke. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 842-851
    • (2000) Neuropharmacology , vol.39 , pp. 842-851
    • Cramer, S.C.1    Bastings, E.P.2
  • 37
    • 0037567637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of remote cortical regions after ischemic brain injury: A potential substrate for stroke recovery
    • Frost SB, Barbay S, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ. Reorganization of remote cortical regions after ischemic brain injury: A potential substrate for stroke recovery. J Neurophys 2003; 89: 3205-3214
    • (2003) J Neurophys , vol.89 , pp. 3205-3214
    • Frost, S.B.1    Barbay, S.2    Friel, K.M.3    Plautz, E.J.4    Nudo, R.J.5
  • 38
    • 0032883021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of recovery of dexterity following unilateral lesion of the sensorimotor cortex in adult monkeys
    • Liu Y, Rouiller EM. Mechanisms of recovery of dexterity following unilateral lesion of the sensorimotor cortex in adult monkeys. Exp Brain Res 1999; 128: 149-159
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.128 , pp. 149-159
    • Liu, Y.1    Rouiller, E.M.2
  • 41
    • 0026754175 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological correlates of hand preference in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys
    • Nudo RJ, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM, Prejean T, Gedela R. Neurophysiological correlates of hand preference in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys. J Neurosci 1992; 12: 2918-2947
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 2918-2947
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Jenkins, W.M.2    Merzenich, M.M.3    Prejean, T.4    Gedela, R.5
  • 43
    • 0030033443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys
    • Nudo RJ, Milliken GW, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 785-807
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 785-807
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2    Jenkins, W.M.3    Merzenich, M.M.4
  • 44
    • 0034235545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of repetitive motor training on movement representations in adult squirrel monkeys: Role of use versus learning
    • Plautz EJ, Milliken GW, Nudo RJ. Effects of repetitive motor training on movement representations in adult squirrel monkeys: Role of use versus learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2000; 74: 27-55
    • (2000) Neurobiol Learn Mem , vol.74 , pp. 27-55
    • Plautz, E.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2    Nudo, R.J.3
  • 45
    • 0022547486 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys
    • Gould HJI, Cusick CG, Pons TP, Kaas JH. The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys. J Compar Neurol 1986; 247: 297-325
    • (1986) J Compar Neurol , vol.247 , pp. 297-325
    • Gould, H.J.I.1    Cusick, C.G.2    Pons, T.P.3    Kaas, J.H.4
  • 46
    • 0023069652 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of neocortical representations after brain injury: A neurophysiological model of the bases of recovery from stroke
    • Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Reorganization of neocortical representations after brain injury: A neurophysiological model of the bases of recovery from stroke. Prog Brain Res 1987; 71: 249-266
    • (1987) Prog Brain Res , vol.71 , pp. 249-266
    • Jenkins, W.M.1    Merzenich, M.M.2
  • 47
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
    • Zar JH. Biostatistical analysis. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984: pp. 718
    • (1984) Biostatistical Analysis , pp. 718
    • Zar, J.H.1
  • 49
    • 0026504373 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: Representation of digit, wrist, and elbow muscles
    • Donoghue JP, Leibovic S, Sanes JN. Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: Representation of digit, wrist, and elbow muscles. Exp Brain Res 1992; 89: 1-19
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.89 , pp. 1-19
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Leibovic, S.2    Sanes, J.N.3
  • 50
    • 0000279318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of primary premotor cortex following ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex (m1): II. Effects of forced use
    • Chen D, Barbay S, Friel KM, Frost SB, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ. Reorganization of primary premotor cortex following ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex (m1): II. Effects of forced use. Soc Neurosci Abstr 2000; 26: 679
    • (2000) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.26 , pp. 679
    • Chen, D.1    Barbay, S.2    Friel, K.M.3    Frost, S.B.4    Plautz, E.J.5    Nudo, R.J.6
  • 51
    • 0031656436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of motor function after focal cortical injury in primates: Compensatory movement patterns used during rehabilitative training
    • Friel KM, Nudo RJ. Recovery of motor function after focal cortical injury in primates: Compensatory movement patterns used during rehabilitative training. Somato Motor Res 1998; 15: 173-189
    • (1998) Somato Motor Res , vol.15 , pp. 173-189
    • Friel, K.M.1    Nudo, R.J.2
  • 52
    • 0014259748 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions
    • Lawrence DG, Kuypers HGJM. The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions. Brain 1968; 91: 1-14
    • (1968) Brain , vol.91 , pp. 1-14
    • Lawrence, D.G.1    Kuypers, H.G.J.M.2
  • 54
    • 0037177439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise induces angiogenesis but does not alter movement representations within rat motor cortex
    • Kleim JA, Cooper NR, VandenBerg PM. Exercise induces angiogenesis but does not alter movement representations within rat motor cortex. Brain Res 2002; 934: 1-6
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.934 , pp. 1-6
    • Kleim, J.A.1    Cooper, N.R.2    VandenBerg, P.M.3
  • 55
    • 0032440820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional reorganization of the rat motor cortex following motor skill learning
    • Kleim JA, Barbay S, Nudo RJ. Functional reorganization of the rat motor cortex following motor skill learning. J Neurophys 1998; 80: 3321-3325
    • (1998) J Neurophys , vol.80 , pp. 3321-3325
    • Kleim, J.A.1    Barbay, S.2    Nudo, R.J.3
  • 56
    • 0345299779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peri-lesion electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitative training: Enhanced functional recovery and dendritic plasticity following focal cortical ischemia in rats
    • Adkins DL, Jones TA. Peri-lesion electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitative training: Enhanced functional recovery and dendritic plasticity following focal cortical ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 2003; 25: 780-788
    • (2003) Neurol Res , vol.25 , pp. 780-788
    • Adkins, D.L.1    Jones, T.A.2
  • 57
    • 0027519791 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in correlated activity parallel ICMS-induced representational plasticity
    • Dinse HR, H RG, Merzenich MM. Alterations in correlated activity parallel ICMS-induced representational plasticity. NeuroReport 1993; 5: 173-176
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.5 , pp. 173-176
    • Dinse, H.R.1    Merzenich, M.M.2
  • 58
    • 0029624388 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of adult sensorimotor representations
    • Donoghue JP. Plasticity of adult sensorimotor representations. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 749-754
    • (1995) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.5 , pp. 749-754
    • Donoghue, J.P.1
  • 59
    • 0026069221 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of sensory and motor maps in adult mammals
    • Kaas JH. Plasticity of sensory and motor maps in adult mammals. Annu Rev Neurosci 1991; 14: 137-167
    • (1991) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 137-167
    • Kaas, J.H.1
  • 60
    • 0032513387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity
    • Kilgard MP, Merzenich MM. Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity. Science 1998; 279: 1714-1718
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 1714-1718
    • Kilgard, M.P.1    Merzenich, M.M.2
  • 61
    • 0002029799 scopus 로고
    • Cortical representational plasticity
    • Rakic P, Singer W, eds., S. Bernhard, Dahlem Konferenzen: Wiley and Sons
    • Merzenich MM, Recanzone G, Jenkins WM, Allard TT, Nudo RJ. Cortical representational plasticity. In: Rakic P, Singer W, eds. Neurobiology of Neocortex, S. Bernhard, Dahlem Konferenzen: Wiley and Sons, 1988: pp. 41-67
    • (1988) Neurobiology of Neocortex , pp. 41-67
    • Merzenich, M.M.1    Recanzone, G.2    Jenkins, W.M.3    Allard, T.T.4    Nudo, R.J.5
  • 62
    • 0025685165 scopus 로고
    • Repetitive microstimulation alters the cortical representation of movements in adult rats
    • Nudo RJ, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Repetitive microstimulation alters the cortical representation of movements in adult rats. Somato Motor Res 1990; 7: 463-483
    • (1990) Somato Motor Res , vol.7 , pp. 463-483
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Jenkins, W.M.2    Merzenich, M.M.3
  • 63
    • 0025282585 scopus 로고
    • Receptive field changes induced by peripheral nerve stimulation in s-i of adult cats
    • Recanzone GH, Allard TT, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Receptive field changes induced by peripheral nerve stimulation in s-i of adult cats. J Neurophys 1990; 63: 1213-1225
    • (1990) J Neurophys , vol.63 , pp. 1213-1225
    • Recanzone, G.H.1    Allard, T.T.2    Jenkins, W.M.3    Merzenich, M.M.4
  • 64
    • 0035860649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of cortical movement representations to motor experience: Evidence that skill learning but not strength training induces cortical reorganization
    • Remple MS, Bruneau RM, VandenBerg PM, Goertzen C, Kleim JA. Sensitivity of cortical movement representations to motor experience: Evidence that skill learning but not strength training induces cortical reorganization. Behav Brain Res 2001; 123: 133-141
    • (2001) Behav Brain Res , vol.123 , pp. 133-141
    • Remple, M.S.1    Bruneau, R.M.2    VandenBerg, P.M.3    Goertzen, C.4    Kleim, J.A.5
  • 65
    • 0034078884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity and primary motor cortex
    • Sanes JN, Donoghue JP. Plasticity and primary motor cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 2000; 23: 393-415
    • (2000) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 393-415
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Donoghue, J.P.2
  • 66
    • 0033961189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
    • Stefan K, Kunesch E, Cohen LG, Benecke R, Classen J. Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain 2000; 123 (Pt 3): 572-584
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 572-584
    • Stefan, K.1    Kunesch, E.2    Cohen, L.G.3    Benecke, R.4    Classen, J.5
  • 68
    • 0029054544 scopus 로고
    • Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex
    • Sanes JN, Donoghue JP, Thangaraj V, Edelman RR, Warach S. Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex. Science 1995; 268: 1775-1777
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1775-1777
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Donoghue, J.P.2    Thangaraj, V.3    Edelman, R.R.4    Warach, S.5
  • 69
    • 0027266024 scopus 로고
    • How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?
    • Schieber MH, Hibbard LS. How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area? Science 1993; 261: 489-492
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 489-492
    • Schieber, M.H.1    Hibbard, L.S.2
  • 70
    • 0032862331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatotopic gradients in the distributed organization of the human primary motor cortex hand area: Evidence from small infarcts
    • Schieber MH. Somatotopic gradients in the distributed organization of the human primary motor cortex hand area: Evidence from small infarcts. Exp Brain Res 1999; 128: 139-148
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.128 , pp. 139-148
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 71
    • 0029926302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation and long-term depression of horizontal connections in rat motor cortex
    • Hess G, Donoghue JP. Long-term potentiation and long-term depression of horizontal connections in rat motor cortex. Acta Neurobiol Exp 1996; 56: 397-405
    • (1996) Acta Neurobiol Exp , vol.56 , pp. 397-405
    • Hess, G.1    Donoghue, J.P.2
  • 72
    • 0025893683 scopus 로고
    • Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections
    • Jacobs KM, Donoghue JP. Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections. Science 1991; 251: 944-947
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 944-947
    • Jacobs, K.M.1    Donoghue, J.P.2
  • 73
    • 0027243267 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic connections between representation zones in the cat motor cortex
    • Keller A. Intrinsic connections between representation zones in the cat motor cortex. NeuroReport 1993; 4: 515-518
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , pp. 515-518
    • Keller, A.1
  • 74
    • 33644683234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening of horizontal cortical connections following skill learning
    • Rioult-Pedotti MS, Friedman D, Hess G, Donoghue JP. Strengthening of horizontal cortical connections following skill learning. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 230-234
    • (1998) Nat Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 230-234
    • Rioult-Pedotti, M.S.1    Friedman, D.2    Hess, G.3    Donoghue, J.P.4
  • 76
    • 0344928206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of motor cortex enhances motor recovery and reduces peri-infarct dysfunction following ischemic insult
    • Kleim JA, Bruneau R, VandenBerg P, MacDonald E, McPherson R, Pocock D. Electrical stimulation of motor cortex enhances motor recovery and reduces peri-infarct dysfunction following ischemic insult. Neurol Res 2003; 25: 789-793
    • (2003) Neurol Res , vol.25 , pp. 789-793
    • Kleim, J.A.1    Bruneau, R.2    VandenBerg, P.3    MacDonald, E.4    McPherson, R.5    Pocock, D.6
  • 77
    • 0345359584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical stimulation improves skilled forelimb use following a focal ischemic infarct in the rat
    • Teskey GC, Flynn C, Goertzen CD, Monfils MH, Young NA. Cortical stimulation improves skilled forelimb use following a focal ischemic infarct in the rat. Neurol Res 2003; 25: 794-800
    • (2003) Neurol Res , vol.25 , pp. 794-800
    • Teskey, G.C.1    Flynn, C.2    Goertzen, C.D.3    Monfils, M.H.4    Young, N.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.