The trouble with sanctions: Organizational responses to deviant anger displays at work

Human Relations

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 201-230

  Geddes, Deanna ^a   Stickney, Lisa T ^b  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BALTIMORE   (United States)

Author keywords

aggression; compassionate cultures; emotion in organizations; organizational deviance; sanctions; workplace anger

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952214318     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: 1741282X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0018726710375482     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Agresti A. (2007) An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, 2nd edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
2. Andersson LM and Pearson CM (1999) Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review 24(3): 452-471.
3. Aquino K., Douglas S. and Martinko MJ (2004) Overt anger in response to victimization: Attributional style and organizational norms as moderators. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 9(2): 152-164.
4. Ashforth BE and Humphrey RH (1995) Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal. Human Relations 48(2): 97-126.
5. Ashkanasy NM, Zerbe WJ and Härtel CEJ (2002) Managing Emotions in the Workplace. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
6. Averill JR (1979) Anger. In: Dienstbier RA (ed) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 26). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1-80.
7. Averill JR (1982) Anger and Aggression: An Essay on Emotion. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
8. Averill JR (1993) Illusions of anger. In: Felson RB and Tedeschi JT (eds) Aggression and Violence: Social Interactionist Perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 171-193.
9. Baron RA and Neuman JH (1998) Workplace aggression - the iceberg beneath the tip of workplace violence: Evidence on its forms, frequency, and targets. Public Administration Quarterly 21(4): 446-464.
10. Baron RA, Neuman JH and Geddes, D. (1999) Social and personal determinants of workplace aggression: Evidence for the impact of perceived injustice and the Type A behavior pattern. Aggressive Behavior 25(4): 281-296.
11. Bies RJ (1987) The predicament of injustice: The management of moral outrage. In: Cummings LL and Staw BM (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 9). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc, 289-319.
12. Bies RJ, Tripp TM and Kramer RM (1997) At the breaking point: Cognitive and social dynamics of revenge in organizations. In: Giacalone RA and Greenberg J (eds) Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 18-36.
13. Bowling A. (2005) Just one question: If one question works, why ask several? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59(5): 342-345.
14. Burleson BR (1994) Comforting messages: Features, functions, and outcomes. In: Synpher HE and Applegate JL (eds) Strategic Interpersonal Communication. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 135-161.
15. Burleson BR (2003) The experience and effects of emotional support: What the study of cultural and gender differences can tell us about close relationships, emotion and interpersonal communication. Personal Relationships 10(1): 1-23.
16. Canary DJ, Spitzberg BH and Semic BA (1998) The experience and expression of anger in interpersonal settings. In: Andersen PA and Guerrero LK (eds) Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Application, and Contexts. New York: Academic Press Inc, 189-213.
17. Clore GL and Ortony A. (1991) What more is there to emotion concepts than prototypes? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 60(1): 48-50.
18. Clore GL, Gasper K. and Garvin E. (2001) Affect as information. In: Forgas JP (Ed) Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 121-144.
19. Cohen S. and Wills TA (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin 98(28): 310-357.
20. Côté S. (2005) A social interaction model of the effects of emotion regulation on work strain. Academy of Management Review 30(3): 509-530.
21. Crampton SM and Wagner JA (1994) Percept-percept inflation in microorganizational research: An investigation of prevalence and effect. Journal of Applied Psychology 79(1): 67-76.
22. Cropanzano R., Weiss HM, Suckow KJ and Grandey AA (2000) Doing justice to workplace emotion. In: Ashkanasy NM, Härtel CEJ and Zerbe WJ (eds) Emotions in the Workplace: Research, Theory, and Practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 49-62.
23. Doty DH and Glick WH (1998) Common methods bias: Does common methods variance really bias results? Organizational Research Methods 1(4): 374-406.
24. Dutton JE, Worline MC, Frost PJ and Lilius J. (2006) Explaining compassion organizing. Administrative Science Quarterly 51(1): 59-96.
25. Ellis DG (2001) Language and civility: The semantics of anger. In: Eadie WF and Nelson PE (eds) The Language of Conflict and Resolution. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 105-120.
26. Elsbach KD and Elofson G. (2000) How the packaging of decision explanations affects perceptions of trustworthiness. Academy of Management Journal 43(1): 80-89.
27. Fineman S. (1993) Emotion in Organizations. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
28. Fineman S. (2000) Emotion in Organizations, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
29. Fox S. and Spector PE (1999) A model of work frustration-aggression. Journal of Organizational Behavior 20(6): 915-931.
30. Friedman R., Anderson C., Brett J., Olekalns M., Goates N. and Lisco CC (2004) The positive and negative effects of anger on dispute resolution: Evidence from electronically mediated disputes. Journal of Applied Psychology 89(2): 369-376.
31. Garson GD (2008) Generalized Linear Models and Generalized Estimating Equations. Available at: http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/statnote.htm.
32. Geddes D. and Baron RA (1997) Workplace aggression as a consequence of negative performance feedback. Management Communication Quarterly 10(4): 433-454.
33. Geddes D. and Callister RR (2007) Crossing the line(s): A dual threshold model of anger in organizations. Academy of Management Review 32(3): 721-746.
34. Giacalone RA and Greenberg J (eds) (1997) Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
35. Gibson DE and Callister RR (2010) Anger in organizations: Review and integration. Journal of Management 36(1): 66-93.
36. Gibson DE, Schweitzer ME, Callister RR and Gray B (2009) The influence of anger expressions on outcomes in organizations. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 2(3): 236-262.
37. Goleman D. (1995) Emotional Intelligence. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
38. Gross JJ and John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85(2): 348-362.
39. Guetzkow H. (1950) Unitizing and categorizing problems in coding qualitative data. Journal of Clinical Psychology 6(1): 47-58.
40. Hatfield E., Cacioppo JT and Rapson RL (1994) Emotional Contagion. Paris: Cambridge University Press.
41. Huy QN (1999) Emotional capability, emotional intelligence, and radical change. Academy of Management Review 24(2): 325-345.
42. Jones EE and Nisbett RE (1972) The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In: Jones EE, Kanouse DE, Kelley HH, Nisbett RE, Valins S and Weiner B (eds) Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press, 79-94.
43. Kanov JM, Maitlis S., Worline MC, Dutton JE, Frost PJ and Liltus JM (2004) Compassion in organizational life. American Behavioral Scientist 47(6): 808-827.
44. Kiefer T. (2002) Understanding the emotional experience of organizational change: Evidence from a merger. Advances in Developing Human Resources 4(1): 39-61.
45. Kramer MW and Hess JA (2002) Communication rules for the display of emotions in organizational settings. Management Communication Quarterly 16(1): 66-80.
46. Lee K. and Allen NJ (2002) Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(1): 131-142.
47. Lord RG, Klimoski RJ and Kanfer R. (2002) Emotions in the Workplace: Understanding the Structure and Role of Emotions in Organizational Behavior. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
48. Lovaglia MJ and Houser JA (1996) Emotional reactions and status in groups. American Sociological Review 61(5): 867-883.
49. Lucero MA and Allen RE (1998) Fighting on the job. Dispute Resolution Journal 53(3): 50-57.
50. Lucero MA and Allen RE (2006) Implementing zero tolerance policies: Balancing strict enforcement with fair treatment. SAM Advanced Management Journal (1984) 71(1): 35-41.
51. Malle BF, Knobe J. and and Nelson S. (2007) Actor-observer asymmetries in explanations of behavior: New answers to an old question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93(4): 491-514.
52. Mastenbroek W. (2000) Organizational behavior as emotion management. In: Ashkanasy NM, Hartel CE and Zerbe WJ (eds) Emotions in the Workplace: Research, Theory and Practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 19-35.
53. Meyerson DE (2000) If emotions were honoured: A cultural analysis. In: Fineman S (ed) Emotion in Organizations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 167-183.
54. Mikulincer M. (1998) Adult attachment style and individual differences in functional versus dysfunctional experiences of anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(2): 513-524.
55. Milliken FJ, Morrison EW and Hewlin PF (2003) An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don't communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies 40(6): 1453-1476.
56. Morrill C. (1989) The management of managers: Disputing in an executive hierarchy. Sociological Forum 4(3): 387-408.
57. Morrison EW and Milliken FJ (2000) Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review 25(4): 706-725.
58. Morrison EW and Robinson SL (1997) When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review 22(1): 226-256.
59. Nelson G. and Dyck J. (2005) Forbearance in leadership: Opportunities and risks involved in cutting followers some slack. Leadership Quarterly 16(1): 53-70.
60. Neuman JH and Baron RA (1998) Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets. Journal of Management 24(3): 391-419.
61. Nonaka I., Toyama R. and Byosiere P. (2001) A theory of organizational knowledge creation: Understanding the dynamic process of creating knowledge. In: Dierkes M (ed) Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 492-517.
62. Perlow L. and Williams S. (2003) Is silence killing your company? Harvard Business Review 81(5): 52-58.
63. Pinder CC and Harlos KP (2001) Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. In: Ferris GR (ed) Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 20). US: Elsevier Science /JAI Press, 331-369.
64. Podsakoff PM and Organ DW (1986) Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management 12(4): 531-544.
65. O'Leary-Kelly AM, Griffin RW and Glew DJ (1996) Organization-motivated aggression: A research framework. Academy of Management Review 21(1): 225-253.
66. Rafaeli A. and Sutton RI (1989) The expression of emotion in organizational life. In: Cummings LL and Staw BM (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 11). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1-42.
67. Reich WT (1989) Speaking of suffering: A moral account of compassion. Soundings 72(1): 83-108.
68. Robinson SL and Bennett RJ (1995) A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal 38(2): 555-572.
69. Robinson SL and O'Leary-Kelly AM (1998) Monkey see, monkey do: The influence of work groups on the antisocial behavior of employees. Academy of Management Journal 41(6): 658-672.
70. Ross LD (1977) The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 10). New York: Random House, 173-220.
71. Schein EH (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd edn. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
72. Sereno KK, Welch M. and Braaten D. (1987) Interpersonal conflict: Effects of variations in manner of expressing anger and justification for anger upon perceptions of appropriateness, competence, and satisfaction. Journal of Applied Communication Research 15(1/2): 128-143.
73. Skarlicki DP and Folger R. (1997) Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology 82(3): 434-443.
74. Sloan MM (2004) The effects of occupational characteristics on the experience and expression of anger in the workplace. Work & Occupations 31(1): 38-82.
75. Spector PE (1987) Method variance as an artifact in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Myth or significant problem? Journal of Applied Psychology 72(3): 438-443.
76. Spielberger CD, Johnson EH, Russell SF, Crane RJ, Jacobs GA and Worden TJ (1985) The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In: Cheney MA and Rosenman RH (eds) Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 5-30.
77. Spreitzer GM and Sonenshein S. (2003) Positive deviance and extraordinary organizing. In: Cameron K, Dutton J and Quinn R (eds) Positive Organizational Scholarship. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 207-224.
78. Spreitzer GM and Sonenshein S. (2004) Toward the construct definition of positive deviance. American Behavioral Scientist 47(6): 828-847.
79. Tavris C. (1982) Anger, the Misunderstood Emotion. New York: Simon and Schuster.
80. Tavris C. (1984) On the wisdom of counting to ten: Personal and social dangers of anger expression. In: Shaver P (ed) Review of Personality & Social Psychology (Vol. 5). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE, 170-192.
81. Tepper BJ (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal 43(2): 178-190.
82. Tiedens LZ (2000) Powerful emotions: The vicious cycle of social status positions and emotions. In: Ashkanasy NM, Hartel CEJ and Zerbe WJ (eds) Emotions in the Workplace: Research, Theory, and Practice. Westport, CN: Quorum Books, 71-81.
83. Torestad B. (1990) What is anger provoking? A psychophysical study of perceived causes of anger. Aggressive Behavior 16(1): 9-26.
84. Van Dyne L., Ang S. and Botero IC (2003) Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies 40(6): 1359-1391.
85. Van Dyne L., Cummings LL and McLean Parks J. (1995) Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). In: Cummings LL and Staw BM (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 17). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 215-285.
86. Van Emmerik IJH, Euwema MC and Bakker AB (2007) Threats of workplace violence and the buffering effect of social support. Group and Organization Management 32(2): 152-175.
87. Viswesvaran C., Sanchez JI and Fisher J. (1999) The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior 54(2): 314-334.
88. Warren DE (2003) Constructive and destructive deviance in organizations. Academy of Management Review 28(4): 622-632.
89. Weiss HM and Cropanzano R. (1996) Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In: Cummings LL and Staw BM (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 18). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1-74.
90. Youndt MA, Snell SA, Dean JW, Jr and Lepak DP (1996) Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal 39(4): 836-866.