메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

High Levels of Miticides and Agrochemicals in North American Apiaries: Implications for Honey Bee Health

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACARICIDE; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL; CHLOROTHALONIL; HERBICIDE; NITRILE; PESTICIDE;

EID: 79952118619     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009754     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1166)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 34547268162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of managed colony losses in the winter of 2006-2007: A report commissioned by the Apiary Inspectors of America
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Underwood R, Caron D, Hayes J (2007) An estimate of managed colony losses in the winter of 2006-2007: A report commissioned by the Apiary Inspectors of America. Am Bee J 147: 599-603.
    • (2007) Am Bee J , vol.147 , pp. 599-603
    • vanEngelsdorp, D.1    Underwood, R.2    Caron, D.3    Hayes, J.4
  • 2
    • 58149187868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of honey bee colony losses in the U.S., fall 2007 to spring 2008
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Hayes J, Jr., Underwood RM, Pettis J (2008) A survey of honey bee colony losses in the U.S., fall 2007 to spring 2008. PLoS ONE 3: 1-6 e4071.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • vanEngelsdorp, D.1    Hayes Jr., J.2    Underwood, R.M.3    Pettis, J.4
  • 3
    • 77953815539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of honey bee colony losses in the United States, fall 2008 to spring 2009
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Hayes J, Jr., Underwood RM, Pettis JS (2010) A survey of honey bee colony losses in the United States, fall 2008 to spring 2009. J Apic Res 49: 7-14.
    • (2010) J Apic Res , vol.49 , pp. 7-14
    • vanEngelsdorp, D.1    Hayes Jr., J.2    Underwood, R.M.3    Pettis, J.S.4
  • 4
    • 33746537975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands
    • Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemüller R, Edwards M, et al. (2006) Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313: 351-354.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 351-354
    • Biesmeijer, J.C.1    Roberts, S.P.M.2    Reemer, M.3    Ohlemüller, R.4    Edwards, M.5
  • 6
    • 0030499938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemic of honey bee colony losses during the 1995-1996 season
    • Finley J, Camazine S, Frazier M (1996) The epidemic of honey bee colony losses during the 1995-1996 season. Am Bee J 136: 805-808.
    • (1996) Am Bee J , vol.136 , pp. 805-808
    • Finley, J.1    Camazine, S.2    Frazier, M.3
  • 8
    • 33750421578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of pesticide residues in pollen loads collected by honey bees in France
    • Chauzat MP, Faucon JP, Martel AC, Lachaize J, Cougoule N, et al. (2006) A survey of pesticide residues in pollen loads collected by honey bees in France. J Econ Entomol 99: 253-262.
    • (2006) J Econ Entomol , vol.99 , pp. 253-262
    • Chauzat, M.P.1    Faucon, J.P.2    Martel, A.C.3    Lachaize, J.4    Cougoule, N.5
  • 9
    • 33645776507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New risk assessment approach for systemic insecticides: The case of honey bees and imidacloprid (Gaucho)
    • Halm MP, Rortais A, Arnold G, Tasei JN, Rault S (2006) New risk assessment approach for systemic insecticides: The case of honey bees and imidacloprid (Gaucho). Environ Sci Technol 40: 2448-2454.
    • (2006) Environ Sci Technol , vol.40 , pp. 2448-2454
    • Halm, M.P.1    Rortais, A.2    Arnold, G.3    Tasei, J.N.4    Rault, S.5
  • 10
  • 11
    • 33846354297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial Arthropods
    • Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM (2007) The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial Arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol 52: 81-106.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Entomol , vol.52 , pp. 81-106
    • Desneux, N.1    Decourtye, A.2    Delpuech, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 33750918907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS?
    • Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, Vieth B (2006) Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS? Mass Spectrom Rev 25: 838-865.
    • (2006) Mass Spectrom Rev , vol.25 , pp. 838-865
    • Alder, L.1    Greulich, K.2    Kempe, G.3    Vieth, B.4
  • 13
    • 36148953893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-residue method for the analysis of 101 pesticides and their 14 degradates in food and water samples by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    • Ferrer I, Thurman EM (2007) Multi-residue method for the analysis of 101 pesticides and their 14 degradates in food and water samples by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1175: 24-37.
    • (2007) J Chromatogr A , vol.1175 , pp. 24-37
    • Ferrer, I.1    Thurman, E.M.2
  • 14
    • 17644384083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of honeybees exposure to systemic insecticides: Estimated amounts of contaminated pollen and nectar consumed by different categories of bees
    • Rortais A, Arnold G, Halm MP, Touffet-Briens F (2005) Modes of honeybees exposure to systemic insecticides: Estimated amounts of contaminated pollen and nectar consumed by different categories of bees. Apidologie 36: 71-83.
    • (2005) Apidologie , vol.36 , pp. 71-83
    • Rortais, A.1    Arnold, G.2    Halm, M.P.3    Touffet-Briens, F.4
  • 17
    • 35348853758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder
    • Cox-Foster DL, Conlan S, Holmes EC, Palacios G, Evans JD, et al. (2007) A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder. Science 318: 283-287.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 283-287
    • Cox-Foster, D.L.1    Conlan, S.2    Holmes, E.C.3    Palacios, G.4    Evans, J.D.5
  • 21
    • 33747874176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: Are we underestimating the impact?
    • Hayes TB, Case P, Chui S, Chung D, Haeffele C, et al. (2006) Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: Are we underestimating the impact? Environ Health Perspect 114: 40-50.
    • (2006) Environ Health Perspect , vol.114 , pp. 40-50
    • Hayes, T.B.1    Case, P.2    Chui, S.3    Chung, D.4    Haeffele, C.5
  • 22
    • 53649099104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the net effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode infections
    • Rohr JR, Raffel TR, Sessions SK, Hudson PJ (2008) Understanding the net effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode infections. Ecol Appl 18: 1743-1753.
    • (2008) Ecol Appl , vol.18 , pp. 1743-1753
    • Rohr, J.R.1    Raffel, T.R.2    Sessions, S.K.3    Hudson, P.J.4
  • 23
    • 84873305082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bat Conservation International, Available, Accessed 2009 Oct 7
    • Bat Conservation International (2009) What we do/ white-nose syndrome. Available: http://www.batcon.org/index.php/what-we-do/white-nose-syndrome. html. Accessed 2009 Oct 7.
    • (2009) What we do/ white-nose syndrome
  • 24
    • 67349168163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ''Entombed pollen'': A new condition in honey bee colonies associated with increased risk of colony mortality
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Evans JD, Donovall L, Mullin C, Frazier M, et al. (2009) ''Entombed pollen'': A new condition in honey bee colonies associated with increased risk of colony mortality. J Invert Pathol 101: 147-149.
    • (2009) J Invert Pathol , vol.101 , pp. 147-149
    • vanEngelsdorp, D.1    Evans, J.D.2    Donovall, L.3    Mullin, C.4    Frazier, M.5
  • 25
    • 16644403077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of buffering and other means to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables
    • Lehotay SJ, Mastovska K, Lightfield AR (2005) Use of buffering and other means to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables. J AOAC Int 88: 615-629.
    • (2005) J AOAC Int , vol.88 , pp. 615-629
    • Lehotay, S.J.1    Mastovska, K.2    Lightfield, A.R.3
  • 27
    • 0346644848 scopus 로고
    • Reducing pesticide hazards to honey bees: Mortality prediction and integrated management strategies
    • Atkins EL, Kellum D, Atkins KW (1981) Reducing pesticide hazards to honey bees: Mortality prediction and integrated management strategies. Univ Calif Div Agric Sci Leafl 2883.
    • (1981) Univ Calif Div Agric Sci Leafl , vol.2883
    • Atkins, E.L.1    Kellum, D.2    Atkins, K.W.3
  • 28
    • 0000380862 scopus 로고
    • Comparative morphogenic and toxicity studies on the effect of pesticides on honeybee brood
    • Atkins EL, Kellum D (1986) Comparative morphogenic and toxicity studies on the effect of pesticides on honeybee brood. J Apic Res 25: 242-255.
    • (1986) J Apic Res , vol.25 , pp. 242-255
    • Atkins, E.L.1    Kellum, D.2
  • 29
    • 0003398208 scopus 로고
    • editor, Hamilton, IL: Dadant & Sons
    • Graham JM, editor (1992) The hive and the honey bee. Hamilton, IL: Dadant & Sons. pp 1324 p.
    • (1992) The hive and the honey bee , pp. 1324
    • Graham, J.M.1
  • 30
    • 0014597797 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase-Two types of inhibition by an organophosphorus compound: One the formation of phosphorylated enzyme and the other analogous to inhibition by substrate
    • Aldridge WN, Reiner E (1969) Acetylcholinesterase-Two types of inhibition by an organophosphorus compound: One the formation of phosphorylated enzyme and the other analogous to inhibition by substrate. Biochem J 115: 147-162.
    • (1969) Biochem J , vol.115 , pp. 147-162
    • Aldridge, W.N.1    Reiner, E.2
  • 31
    • 10644292602 scopus 로고
    • The fluorescence of some coumarins
    • Wheelock CE (1959) The fluorescence of some coumarins. J Am Chem Soc 81: 1348-1352.
    • (1959) J Am Chem Soc , vol.81 , pp. 1348-1352
    • Wheelock, C.E.1
  • 32
    • 68049095951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of pesticide residues on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health in France
    • Chauzat MP, Carpentier P, Martel AC, Bougeard S, Cougoule N, et al. (2009) Influence of pesticide residues on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health in France. Environ Entomol 38: 514-523.
    • (2009) Environ Entomol , vol.38 , pp. 514-523
    • Chauzat, M.P.1    Carpentier, P.2    Martel, A.C.3    Bougeard, S.4    Cougoule, N.5
  • 33
    • 0027046953 scopus 로고
    • Pollen consumption and utilization in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica): Dependence on individual age and function
    • Crailsheim K, Schneider LHW, Hrassnigg N, Buhlmann G, Brosch U, et al. (1992) Pollen consumption and utilization in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica): Dependence on individual age and function. J Insect Physiol. 38: 409-419.
    • (1992) J Insect Physiol. , vol.38 , pp. 409-419
    • Crailsheim, K.1    Schneider, L.H.W.2    Hrassnigg, N.3    Buhlmann, G.4    Brosch, U.5
  • 34
    • 33748118463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the honey bee, Apis mellifera
    • Jones AK, Raymond-Delpech V, Thany SH, Gauthier M, Sattelle DB (2006) The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Genome Res 16: 1422-1430.
    • (2006) Genome Res , vol.16 , pp. 1422-1430
    • Jones, A.K.1    Raymond-Delpech, V.2    Thany, S.H.3    Gauthier, M.4    Sattelle, D.B.5
  • 35
    • 60749132995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of captan on Apis mellifera brood development under field conditions in California almond orchards
    • Everich R, Schiller C, Whitehead J, Beavers M, Barrett K (2009) Effects of captan on Apis mellifera brood development under field conditions in California almond orchards. J Econ Entomol 102: 20-29.
    • (2009) J Econ Entomol , vol.102 , pp. 20-29
    • Everich, R.1    Schiller, C.2    Whitehead, J.3    Beavers, M.4    Barrett, K.5
  • 36
    • 0008465442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide residues in bee products collected from cherry trees protected during blooming period with contact and systemic fungicides
    • Kubik M, Nowacki J, Pidek A, Warakomska Z, Michalczuk L, et al. (1999) Pesticide residues in bee products collected from cherry trees protected during blooming period with contact and systemic fungicides. Apidologie 30: 521-532.
    • (1999) Apidologie , vol.30 , pp. 521-532
    • Kubik, M.1    Nowacki, J.2    Pidek, A.3    Warakomska, Z.4    Michalczuk, L.5
  • 37
    • 39849092250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of chlorothalonil and degradation products in soil and water by GC/MS and LC/MS
    • Chaves A, Shea D, Danehower D (2008) Analysis of chlorothalonil and degradation products in soil and water by GC/MS and LC/MS. Chemosphere 71: 629-638.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.71 , pp. 629-638
    • Chaves, A.1    Shea, D.2    Danehower, D.3
  • 39
    • 24944479440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing delayed and acute toxicity of five formulated fungicides to Osmia lignaria Say and Apis mellifera
    • Ladurner E, Bosch J, Kemp WP, Maini S (2005) Assessing delayed and acute toxicity of five formulated fungicides to Osmia lignaria Say and Apis mellifera. Apidologie 36: 449-460.
    • (2005) Apidologie , vol.36 , pp. 449-460
    • Ladurner, E.1    Bosch, J.2    Kemp, W.P.3    Maini, S.4
  • 41
    • 0027061930 scopus 로고
    • Residue determination for some products used against Varroa infestation in bees
    • Lodesani M, Pellacani A, Bergomi S, Carpana E, Rabitti T, et al. (1992) Residue determination for some products used against Varroa infestation in bees. Apidologie 23: 257-272.
    • (1992) Apidologie , vol.23 , pp. 257-272
    • Lodesani, M.1    Pellacani, A.2    Bergomi, S.3    Carpana, E.4    Rabitti, T.5
  • 42
    • 21844497355 scopus 로고
    • The use of varroacides and their influence on the quality of bee products
    • Wallner K (1995) The use of varroacides and their influence on the quality of bee products. Am Bee J 135: 817-821.
    • (1995) Am Bee J , vol.135 , pp. 817-821
    • Wallner, K.1
  • 43
    • 5444272421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beeswax: Quality issues today
    • Bogdanov S (2004) Beeswax: quality issues today. Bee World 85: 46-50.
    • (2004) Bee World , vol.85 , pp. 46-50
    • Bogdanov, S.1
  • 44
    • 4344691894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coumaphos distribution in the hive ecosystem: Case study for modeling applications
    • Tremolada P, Bernardinelli I, Colombo M, Spreafico M, Vighi M (2004) Coumaphos distribution in the hive ecosystem: Case study for modeling applications. Ecotoxicology 13: 589-601.
    • (2004) Ecotoxicology , vol.13 , pp. 589-601
    • Tremolada, P.1    Bernardinelli, I.2    Colombo, M.3    Spreafico, M.4    Vighi, M.5
  • 45
    • 39549104259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acaricide residues in honey and wax after treatment of honey bee colonies with ApivarH or AsuntolH50
    • Martel AC, Zeggane S, Aurieres C, Drajnudel P, Faucon JP, et al. (2007) Acaricide residues in honey and wax after treatment of honey bee colonies with ApivarH or AsuntolH50. Apidologie 38: 534-544.
    • (2007) Apidologie , vol.38 , pp. 534-544
    • Martel, A.C.1    Zeggane, S.2    Aurieres, C.3    Drajnudel, P.4    Faucon, J.P.5
  • 46
    • 9744258167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens reared in beeswax cells impregnated with coumaphos
    • Collins AM, Pettis JS, Wilbanks R, Feldlaufer MF (2004) Performance of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens reared in beeswax cells impregnated with coumaphos. J Apic Res 43: 128-134.
    • (2004) J Apic Res , vol.43 , pp. 128-134
    • Collins, A.M.1    Pettis, J.S.2    Wilbanks, R.3    Feldlaufer, M.F.4
  • 47
    • 31544467301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits of chemotherapy in beekeeping: Development of resistance and the problem of residues
    • Lodesani M, Costa M (2005) Limits of chemotherapy in beekeeping: Development of resistance and the problem of residues. Bee World 86: 102-109.
    • (2005) Bee World , vol.86 , pp. 102-109
    • Lodesani, M.1    Costa, M.2
  • 48
    • 65149095006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic interactions between in-hive miticides in Apis mellifera
    • Johnson RM, Pollock HS, Berenbaum MR (2009) Synergistic interactions between in-hive miticides in Apis mellifera. J Econ Entomol 102: 474-479.
    • (2009) J Econ Entomol , vol.102 , pp. 474-479
    • Johnson, R.M.1    Pollock, H.S.2    Berenbaum, M.R.3
  • 49
    • 84989716048 scopus 로고
    • Synergism between EBI fungicides and a pyrethroid insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
    • Pilling ED, Jepson PC (1993) Synergism between EBI fungicides and a pyrethroid insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Pestic Sci 39: 293-297.
    • (1993) Pestic Sci , vol.39 , pp. 293-297
    • Pilling, E.D.1    Jepson, P.C.2
  • 50
    • 43649088716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using reports of bee mortality in the field to calibrate laboratory-derived pesticide risk indices
    • Mineau P, Harding KM, Whiteside M, Fletcher MR, Garthwaite D, et al. (2008) Using reports of bee mortality in the field to calibrate laboratory-derived pesticide risk indices. Environ Entomol 37: 546-554.
    • (2008) Environ Entomol , vol.37 , pp. 546-554
    • Mineau, P.1    Harding, K.M.2    Whiteside, M.3    Fletcher, M.R.4    Garthwaite, D.5
  • 51
    • 0029053474 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of the homing-flight in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin
    • vanDame R, Meled M, Colin ME, Belzunces LP (1995) Alteration of the homing-flight in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin. Environ Toxicol Chem 14: 855-860.
    • (1995) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.14 , pp. 855-860
    • vanDame, R.1    Meled, M.2    Colin, M.E.3    Belzunces, L.P.4
  • 52
    • 13444261562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the synergy and repellency of pyrethroid/fungicide mixtures
    • Thompson H, Wilkins S (2003) Assessment of the synergy and repellency of pyrethroid/fungicide mixtures. Bulletin of Insectology 56: 131-134.
    • (2003) Bulletin of Insectology , vol.56 , pp. 131-134
    • Thompson, H.1    Wilkins, S.2
  • 53
    • 0030823116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ApistanH on honey bee (Apis mellifera L): Responses to methyl parathion, carbaryl and bifenthrin exposure
    • Ellis MD, Siegfried BD, Spawn B (1997) The effect of ApistanH on honey bee (Apis mellifera L): Responses to methyl parathion, carbaryl and bifenthrin exposure. Apidologie 28: 123-127.
    • (1997) Apidologie , vol.28 , pp. 123-127
    • Ellis, M.D.1    Siegfried, B.D.2    Spawn, B.3
  • 54
    • 0000703195 scopus 로고
    • Effects of permethrin on the behavior of individually tagged honey bees, Apis mellifera L (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
    • Cox RL, Wilson WT (1984) Effects of permethrin on the behavior of individually tagged honey bees, Apis mellifera L (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Environ Entomol 13: 375-378.
    • (1984) Environ Entomol , vol.13 , pp. 375-378
    • Cox, R.L.1    Wilson, W.T.2
  • 55
    • 0039939232 scopus 로고
    • Honey bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) contaminated with pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Anderson JF, Wojtas MA (1986) Honey bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) contaminated with pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Econ Entomol 79: 1200-1205.
    • (1986) J Econ Entomol , vol.79 , pp. 1200-1205
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Wojtas, M.A.2
  • 56
    • 68749094047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides in honeybees using acetonitrile-based extraction and gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry
    • Walorczyk S, Gnusowski B (2009) Development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides in honeybees using acetonitrile-based extraction and gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1216: 6522-6531.
    • (2009) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1216 , pp. 6522-6531
    • Walorczyk, S.1    Gnusowski, B.2
  • 57
    • 8644242925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the province of Bologna, Italy, using honeybees as bioindicators
    • Ghini S, Fernandez M, Pico Y, Marin R, Fini F, et al. (2004) Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the province of Bologna, Italy, using honeybees as bioindicators. Arch Environ ContamToxicol 47: 479-488.
    • (2004) Arch Environ ContamToxicol , vol.47 , pp. 479-488
    • Ghini, S.1    Fernandez, M.2    Pico, Y.3    Marin, R.4    Fini, F.5
  • 58
    • 0008229917 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aldicarb and its biologically-active metabolites on bees. Environ
    • Johansen CA, Rincker CM, George DA, Mayer DF, Kious CW (1984) Effects of aldicarb and its biologically-active metabolites on bees. Environ. Entomol. 13: 1386-1398.
    • (1984) Entomol. , vol.13 , pp. 1386-1398
    • Johansen, C.A.1    Rincker, C.M.2    George, D.A.3    Mayer, D.F.4    Kious, C.W.5
  • 59
    • 0037307389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of pesticides in bees-their potential for use in risk assessment
    • Thompson HM (2003) Behavioral effects of pesticides in bees-their potential for use in risk assessment. Ecotoxicology 12: 317-330.
    • (2003) Ecotoxicology , vol.12 , pp. 317-330
    • Thompson, H.M.1
  • 60
    • 0020924071 scopus 로고
    • Influence of pollen feeding and physiological condition on pesticide sensitivity of the honey bee Apis mellifera carnica
    • Wahl O, Ulm K (1983) Influence of pollen feeding and physiological condition on pesticide sensitivity of the honey bee Apis mellifera carnica. Oecologia 59: 106-128.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.59 , pp. 106-128
    • Wahl, O.1    Ulm, K.2
  • 61
    • 0031461587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and roles of non-pathogenic microflora associated with honey bees
    • Gilliam M (1997) Identification and roles of non-pathogenic microflora associated with honey bees. FEMS Microbiol Lett 155: 1-10.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.155 , pp. 1-10
    • Gilliam, M.1
  • 62
    • 68749095102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of microbes in nutrition and health of honey bee colonies. Part 1
    • DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Sammataro D, Alarcon R (2009) The importance of microbes in nutrition and health of honey bee colonies. Part 1. Am Bee J 149: 583-584.
    • (2009) Am Bee J , vol.149 , pp. 583-584
    • DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.1    Sammataro, D.2    Alarcon, R.3
  • 63
    • 28144453973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease control: Eradication and reduction of inoculum by seed treatment
    • Wallingford, UK: CAB International, In: Maude RB, ed
    • Maude RB (1996) Disease control: Eradication and reduction of inoculum by seed treatment. In: Maude RB, ed. Seedborne diseases and their control: Principles and practice, Wallingford, UK: CAB International. pp 114-178.
    • (1996) Seedborne diseases and their control: Principles and practice , pp. 114-178
    • Maude, R.B.1
  • 64
    • 0005303049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial seed treatment technology
    • In: Black M, Bewley JD, eds, Sheffield, UK: CRC Sheffield Academic Press
    • Halmer P (2000) Commercial seed treatment technology. In: Black M, Bewley JD, eds. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield, UK: CRC Sheffield Academic Press. pp 257-286.
    • (2000) Seed technology and its biological basis , pp. 257-286
    • Halmer, P.1
  • 65
    • 29544434392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic and behavioral effects to Carabidae of seed treatments used on Cry3Bbl-and Cry1Ab/c-protected corn
    • Mullin CA, Saunders MC, Leslie TW, Biddinger DJ, Fleischer SJ (2005) Toxic and behavioral effects to Carabidae of seed treatments used on Cry3Bbl-and Cry1Ab/c-protected corn. Environ Entomol 34: 1626-1636.
    • (2005) Environ Entomol , vol.34 , pp. 1626-1636
    • Mullin, C.A.1    Saunders, M.C.2    Leslie, T.W.3    Biddinger, D.J.4    Fleischer, S.J.5
  • 66
    • 1642374063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera
    • Iwasa T, Motoyama N, Ambrose JT, Roe RM (2004) Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Crop Prot 23: 371-378.
    • (2004) Crop Prot , vol.23 , pp. 371-378
    • Iwasa, T.1    Motoyama, N.2    Ambrose, J.T.3    Roe, R.M.4
  • 67
    • 84873290198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honeybee loss-Agriculture: Germany suspends use of clothianidin after the pesticide is linked to honeybee deaths
    • Everts S (2008) Honeybee loss-Agriculture: Germany suspends use of clothianidin after the pesticide is linked to honeybee deaths. Chem Eng News 86(21): 10.
    • (2008) Chem Eng News , vol.86 , Issue.21 , pp. 10
    • Everts, S.1
  • 68
    • 65349150045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does imidacloprid seed-treated maize have an impact on honey bee mortality?
    • Nguyen BK, Saegerman C, Pirard C, Mignon J, Widart J, et al. (2009) Does imidacloprid seed-treated maize have an impact on honey bee mortality? J Econ Entomol 102: 616-623.
    • (2009) J Econ Entomol , vol.102 , pp. 616-623
    • Nguyen, B.K.1    Saegerman, C.2    Pirard, C.3    Mignon, J.4    Widart, J.5
  • 69
    • 12244302202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field relevance of a synergistic effect observed in the laboratory between an EBI fungicide and a chloronicotinyl insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera)
    • Schmuck R, Stadler T, Schmidt HW (2003) Field relevance of a synergistic effect observed in the laboratory between an EBI fungicide and a chloronicotinyl insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera). Pest Mgt Sci 59: 279-286.
    • (2003) Pest Mgt Sci , vol.59 , pp. 279-286
    • Schmuck, R.1    Stadler, T.2    Schmidt, H.W.3
  • 70
    • 84873309136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reregistration eligibility decision for tau-fluvalinate
    • EPA-OPP
    • EPA-OPP (2005) Reregistration eligibility decision for tau-fluvalinate. Docket. pp 2005-0230.
    • (2005) Docket. , pp. 0230-2005
  • 71
    • 33750451585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation of pyrethroid insecticide toxicity to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
    • Johnson RM, Wen ZM, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2006) Mediation of pyrethroid insecticide toxicity to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. J Econ Entomol 99: 1046-1050.
    • (2006) J Econ Entomol , vol.99 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Johnson, R.M.1    Wen, Z.M.2    Schuler, M.A.3    Berenbaum, M.R.4
  • 72
    • 11844275343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarcide (pyrethroid) resistance in Varroa destructor
    • Martin SJ (2004) Acarcide (pyrethroid) resistance in Varroa destructor. Bee World 85: 67-69.
    • (2004) Bee World , vol.85 , pp. 67-69
    • Martin, S.J.1
  • 73
    • 22044438498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assay to detect fluvalinate resistance in Varroa mites
    • Pettis JS, Shimanuki H, Feldlaufer MF (1998) An assay to detect fluvalinate resistance in Varroa mites. Am Bee J 138: 538-541.
    • (1998) Am Bee J , vol.138 , pp. 538-541
    • Pettis, J.S.1    Shimanuki, H.2    Feldlaufer, M.F.3
  • 74
    • 17444378638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resistance of varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) to acaricides and the presence of esterase
    • Sammataro D, Untalan P, Guerrero F, Finley J (2005) The resistance of varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) to acaricides and the presence of esterase. Int J Acarol 31: 67-74.
    • (2005) Int J Acarol , vol.31 , pp. 67-74
    • Sammataro, D.1    Untalan, P.2    Guerrero, F.3    Finley, J.4
  • 75
    • 0034131022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. resistant to fluvalinate and amitraz using coumaphos
    • Elzen PJ, Baxter JR, Spivak M, Wilson WT (2000) Control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. resistant to fluvalinate and amitraz using coumaphos. Apidologie 31: 437-441.
    • (2000) Apidologie , vol.31 , pp. 437-441
    • Elzen, P.J.1    Baxter, J.R.2    Spivak, M.3    Wilson, W.T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.