Beeswax: Quality issues today

Bee World

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 46-50

  Bogdanov, Stefan ^a  

^a AGROSCOPE LIEBEFELD POSIEUX RESEARCH STATION ALP   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APIS; APIS MELLIFERA; APOIDEA; PROPOLIS;

EID: 5444272421     PISSN: 0005772X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2004.11099623     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. AICHHOLZ, R; LORBEER, E (2000) Investigation of combwax of honeybees with high-temperature gas chromatography and high-temperature gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry, II: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography, A 883(1/2): 75-88.
2. ANDERSON, J F; WOJTAS, M A (1986) Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) contaminated with pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 1200-1205.
3. ANONYMOUS (2002) European pharmacopoeia. Council of Europe; Strasbourg, France (4th edition).
4. AQUINO, I S; ABRAMSON, C I; PAYTON, M E (1999) A rapid bioassay for detection of adulterated beeswax. Journal of Entomological Science 34(3): 265-272.
5. BEVERLY, M B; KAY, P T; VOORHEES, K J (1995) Principal component analysis of the pyrolysismass spectra from African, Africanized hybrid, and European beeswax. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 34: 251-263.
6. BLOMQUIST, G J; JACKSON, L L (1979) Chemistry and biochemistry of insect waxes. Progress in Lipid Research 17: 319-345.
7. BOGDANOV, S; IMDORF, A; KILCHENMANN, V; CHARRIERE, J D; FLURI, P (2003) The contaminants of the bee colony. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 6(2): 59-70.
8. BOGDANOY S; KILCHENMANN, V; IMDORF, A (1998) Acaricide residues in some bee products. Journal of Apicultural Research 37(2): 57-67.
9. BOGDANOV, S; KILCHENMANN, V; SEILER, K; PFEFFERLI, H; FREY, T; ROUX, B; WENK, P; NOSER, J (2004) Residues of p-dichlorobenzene in honey and beeswax. Journal of Apicultural Research 43(1): 14-16.
10. BOGDANOV, S; MATZKE, A (2003) Bienenwachs - ein duftender Baustoff, In Matzke, A; Bogdanov, S (eds) Der Schweizerische Bienenvater, Bienenprodukte und Apitherapie. Fachschriftenverlag VDRB; Winikon, Switzerland, pp. 53-64.
11. BOGDANOV, S; RYLL, G; ROTH, H (2003) Pesticide residues in honey and beeswax produced in Switzerland. Apidologic 34(5): 484-485.
12. BOSELLI, E; CABONI, M F; LERCKER, G; MARCAZZAN, L P; SABATINI, A G; BAGGIO, A; PRANDIN, L (2002) Valutazione di produzioni apistiche: gelatina reale e cera, In Sabatini, A G; Bolchi Serrini, G; Frilli, F; Porrini, C (eds) II ruolo della ricerca in apicoltura. Litosei; Bologna, Italy; pp. 321-329.
13. BRAND-GARNYS, E E; SPRENGER, J (1988) Bienenwachs - Neue Aspekte eines klassischen Kosmetik-Rohstoffes. Z. Körperpflegemittel-, Parfümerie-, Riechstoff- und Aerosol-Industrie 61 (14): 547-552.
14. BRÜSCHWEILER, H; FELBER, H; SCHWAGER, F (1989) Bienenwachs - Zusammensetzung und Beurteilung der Reinheit durch gaschromatographische Analyse. Fat Sci.Technol. 91(2): 73-79.
15. CHARRIÈRE, J D; IMDORF, A (1999) Protection of honey combs from wax moth damage. American Bee Journal 139(8): 627-630.
16. CHERBULIEZ, T (2001) Apitherapy.
17. COGGSHALL, W L; MORSE, R A (1984) Beeswax. Production, harvesting and products. Wicwas Press; New York, USA.
18. CRANE, E (1983) The Archaeology of beekeeping. Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd; London, UK.
19. CRANE, E (1990) Bees and beekeeping: science, practice and world resources. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY, USA.
20. DREYLING, L (1905) Die wachsbereitenden Organe bei den gesellig lebenden Bienen. Dissertation; Uni Marburg. Zooljahrbuch 22: 1-42.
21. ESTEP, C B; MENON, G N; WILLIAMS, H E; COLE, A C (1977) Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residues in Tennessee honey and beeswax. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17(2): 168-174.
22. FERBER, C E M; NURSTEN, H E (1977) The aroma of wax. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28: 511-518.
23. GAYGER, J; DUSTMANN, J H (1985) Rückstandsuntersuchungen von Bienenprodukten Wachs, Honig und Pollen. Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene 36: 93-96.
24. HEPBURN, H R (1986) Honeybees and wax, an experimental natural history. Springer-Verlag; Berlin, Germany.
25. HÖRANDNER, E; HUTSTEINER, H; MOOSBECKHOFER, R; ZECHA-MACHLY, H (1993) Von Bienen und Imkern, von Wachs und Honig. Verlag Christian Brandstätter; Wien, Germany.
26. HORNBOSTEL, H C (1744) Neue Entdeckung, wie das Wachs von den Bienen entsteht. Vermis Bibliothek; Hamburg, Germany; 62 pp.
27. HUBER, F (1814) Nouvelles observations sur les abeilles. Tome 1 et 2. J J Paschoud; Paris, France.
28. HUNTER, J (1792) Observation on bees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B. 82: 128-196.
29. IMDORF, A; CHARRIÈRE, J D; MAQUELIN, C; KILCHENMANN, V; BACHOFEN, B (1996) Alternative Varroa control. American Bee Journal 136(3): 189-193.
30. IQBAL, M (1993) International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, FAO; Rome, Italy; 7 pp.
31. IVANOV, T (1987) A study of some components and physico-chemical properties of propolis and bee wax. Animal Science 24(4): 84-88.
32. JAN, J; CERNE, K (1993) Distribution of some organochlorine compounds (PCB, CBz, and DDE) in beeswax and honey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 51 (5): 640-646.
33. JIMENEZ, J J; BERNAL, J L; AUMENTE, S; DEL NOZAL, J; MARTIN, T; BERNAL, J JR (2004) Quality assurance of commercial beeswax. Part I. Gas chromatography-electron impact ionization mass spectrometry of hydrocarbons and monoesters. Journal of Chromotography, A 1024: 147-154.
34. JIMENEZ, J J; BERNAL, J L; AUMENTE, S; TORIBIO, L; BERNAL, J (2003) Quality assurance of commercial beeswax - II. Gas chromatography-electron impact ionization mass spectrometry of alcohols and acids. Journal of Chromatography, A 1007(1-2): 101-116.
35. KOGA, N (2000) Properties and utilization of beeswax. Honeybee Science 21(4): 145-153.
36. LAVIE, P (1960) Les substances antibactériennes dans la colonie d'abeilles (Apis mellificae L). [Author add journal title] 1-190.
37. LEHNHERR, M (2001) Vom tausendfàltigen Wachs, In Lehnherr, M; Thomas, H U (eds) Der Schweizerisehe Bienenvoter. Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Honigbiene. Fachschriftenverlag VDRB; Winikon, Switzerland; pp. 52-71.
38. MACHOVA, M (1993) Resistance of bacillus-larvae in beeswax. Apidologie 24(1): 25-31.
39. POTSCHINKOVA, P (1992) Bienenprodukte in der Medizin. Apitherapie. Ehrenwirth Verlag; Munich, Germany.
40. REYNOLDS, B (2004) Personal Communication.
41. RITTER, W (2003) Early detection of American foulbrood by honey and wax analysis. Apiacta 38(2): 125-130.
42. SABATINI, A G; MARCAZZAN, G L; COLOMBO, R; LERCKER, G (1989) Possibilità di contralto della cera d'api. Apitalia 16(5): 6-7.
43. SAMMATARO, D (1989) Simply wax. Beeswax is why I keep bees ! Gleanings in Bee Culture (8): 477-479.
44. SCHROEDER, A; WALLNER, K (2003) The actual situation of varroacides in beeswax: An international comparison. Apidologie 34: 1-3.
45. SERRA BONVEHI, J (1990) Estudio de la adulteracion de la cera de abejas (Apis mellifero L.). Grasas y Aceites 41(1): 69-72.
46. STÖCKLI, H (1997) Bienenwachs mit Oxalsäure geläutert. Schweizerische Bienen-Zeitung 120(12): 688-690.
47. TULLOCH, A P (1980) Beeswax: composition and analysis. Bee World 61 (2): 47-62.
48. WALLNER, K (1992) The residues of p-dichlorobenzene in wax and honey. American Bee Journal 132(8): 538-541.
49. WALLNER, K (1999) Varroacides and their residues in bee products. Apidologie 30: 235-248.
50. WEBER, V (1991 ) Das Wachsbuch. Erzeugung und Behandlung des Bienenwachses, Geräte, Verarbeitung, Fertigwachs, Das Kittharz. Ehrenwirth Verlag; Munich, Germany.
51. WEISS, K (1965) Ueber den Zuckerverbrauch und die Beanspruchung der Bienen bei der Wachserzeugung. Sonderdruck Z. Bienenforsch 8(4): 106-124.