Moral judgments in social dilemmas: How bad is free riding?

Journal of Public Economics

Volumn 95, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 253-264

  Cubitt, Robin P ^a   Drouvelis, Michalis ^b   Gächter, Simon ^a,c   Kabalin, Ruslan ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c CESifo and IZA ^*  (Germany)

^d LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Framing effects; Free riding; Moral judgments; Moral psychology; Public goods experiments

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952043823     PISSN: 00472727     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Anand P. Procedural fairness in economic and social choice: evidence from a survey of voters. Journal of Economic Psychology 2001, 22:247-270.
2. Andreoni J. Warm glow versus cold prickle - the effects of positive and negative framing on cooperation in experiments. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1995, 110:1-21.
3. Binmore K. Natural Justice 2005, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
4. Blackburn S. Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Second Edition Revised 2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
5. Brewer M.B., Kramer R.M. Choice behavior in social dilemmas: effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 50:543-549.
6. Clark A.E., Frijters P., Shields M.A. Relative income, happiness, and utility: an explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles. Journal of Economic Literature 2008, 46:95-144.
7. Cleave B.L., Nikiforakis N., Slonim R. Is there selection bias in laboratory experiments?. Research Paper Number 1106 2010, Department of Economics, University of Melbourne.
8. Corneo G., Fong C.M. What's the monetary value of distributive justice?. Journal of Public Economics 2008, 92:289-308.
9. Corneo G., Grüner H.P. Individual preferences for political redistribution. Journal of Public Economics 2002, 83:83-107.
10. Croson R., Konow J. Social preferences and moral biases. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2009, 69:201-212.
11. Cubitt R., Drouvelis M., Gächter S. Framing and free riding: emotional responses and punishment in social dilemma games. CeDEx Discussion Paper No. 2008-02 2008, University of Nottingham.
12. DeScioli P., Kurzban R. Mysteries of morality. Cognition 2009, 112:281-299.
13. Doris J., Stich S. As a matter of fact: empirical perspectives on ethics. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy 2005, Oxford University Press, Oxford. F. Jackson, M. Smith (Eds.).
14. Dufwenberg M., Gächter S., Hennig-Schmidt H. The framing of games and the psychology of play. CeDEx Discussion Paper 2010-16 2010, University of Nottingham.
15. Falk A., Meier S., Zehnder C. Did we overestimate the role of social preferences? The case of self-selected student samples. CESifo Working Paper No. 3177 2010.
16. Faravelli M. How context matters: a survey based experiment on distributive justice. Journal of Public Economics 2007, 91:1399-1422.
17. Fehr E., Fischbacher U. Third-party punishment and social norms. Evolution and Human Behavior 2004, 25:63-87.
18. Fehr E., Gächter S. Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. American Economic Review 2000, 90:980-994.
19. Fehr E., Gächter S. Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 2002, 415:137-140.
20. Fehr E., Gintis H. Human motivation and social cooperation: experimental and analytical foundations. Annual Review of Sociology 2007, 33:43-64.
21. Fehr E., Schmidt K.M. The economics of fairness, reciprocity and altruism - experimental evidence and new theories. Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity 2006, 615-691. Elsevier B.V, Amsterdam. S.-C. Kolm, J.M. Ythier (Eds.).
22. Fong C. Social preferences, self-interest, and the demand for redistribution. Journal of Public Economics 2001, 82:225-246.
23. Gächter S., Herrmann B. Reciprocity, culture, and human cooperation: previous insights and a new cross-cultural experiment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 2009, 364:791-806.
24. Gächter S., Riedl A. Dividing justly in bargaining problems with claims: normative judgments and actual negotiations. Social Choice and Welfare 2006, 27:571-594.
25. Gaertner W. Distributive justice: an overview of experimental evidence. The Handbook of Rational and Social Choice. An Overview of New Foundations and Applications 2009, 501-523. Oxford University Press, Oxford. P. Anand (Ed.).
26. Gaertner W., Schwettmann L. Equity, responsibility and the cultural dimension. Economica 2007, 74:627-649.
27. Gaertner W., Jungeilges J., Neck R. Cross-cultural equity evaluations: a questionnaire-experimental approach. European Economic Review 2001, 45:953-963.
28. Gino F., Moore D.A., Bazerman M.H. No harm, no foul: the outcome bias in ethical judgments. Harvard Business School NOM Working Paper No. 08-080 2009.
29. Gintis H. Solving the puzzle of prosociality. Rationality and Society 2003, 15:155-187.
30. Gintis H., Henrich J., Bowles S., Boyd R., Fehr E. Strong reciprocity and the roots of human morality. Social Justice Research 2008, 21:241-253.
31. Greene J., Haidt J. How (and where) does moral judgment work?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2002, 6:517-523.
32. Greene J.D., Sommerville R.B., Nystrom L.E., Darley J.M., Cohen J.D. An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science 2001, 293:2105-2108.
33. Greiner B. An online recruitment system for economic experiments. Forschung und wissenschaftliches Rechnen GWDG Bericht 63 2004, 79-93. Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung, Göttingen. K. Kremer, V. Macho (Eds.).
34. Haidt J. The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review 2001, 108:814-834.
35. Haidt J. The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science 2007, 316:998-1002.
36. Hauser M. Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong 2006, Ecco (HarperCollins), New York.
37. Joyce R. The Evolution of Morality 2006, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
38. Kahneman D., Knetsch J.L., Thaler R.H. Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking - entitlements in the market. American Economic Review 1986, 76:728-741.
39. Konow J. Which is the fairest one of all? A positive analysis of justice theories. Journal of Economic Literature 2003, XLI:1188-1239.
40. Konow J. Is fairness in the eye of the beholder? An impartial spectator analysis of justice. Social Choice and Welfare 2009, 33:101-127.
41. Krebs D.L. Morality. An evolutionary account. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2008, 3:149-172.
42. Krupka E., Weber R. Identifying social norms using coordination games: why does dictator game sharing vary?. IZA Discussion Paper No. 3860 2008, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn.
43. Ledyard J.O. Public goods: a survey of experimental research. The Handbook of Experimental Economics 1995, 111-181. Princeton University Press, Princeton. A.E. Roth, J.H. Kagel (Eds.).
44. McCusker C., Carnevale P.J. Framing in resource dilemmas: loss aversion and the moderating effects of sanctions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1995, 61:190-201.
45. McDaniel W.C., Sistrunk F. Management dilemmas and decisions: impact of framing and anticipated responses. Journal of Conflict Resolution 1991, 35:21-42.
46. Nado J., Kelly D., Stich S. Moral judgment. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology 2009, Routledge, Milton Park. J. Symons, P. Calvo (Eds.).
47. Nagel T. Moral luck. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society: Supplementary Volumes 1976, 50:137-151.
48. Nichols S. Sentimental Rules: On the Natural Foundations of Moral Judgment 2004, Oxford University Press, New York.
49. Park E.-S. Warm-glow versus cold-prickle: a further experimental study of framing effects on free-riding. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 2000, 43:405-421.
50. Prinz J.J. The emotional basis of moral judgments. Philosophical Explorations 2006, 9:29-43.
51. Prinz J.J. The Emotional Construction of Morals 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
52. Rege M., Telle K. The impact of social approval and framing on cooperation in public good situations. Journal of Public Economics 2004, 88:1625-1644.
53. Ridley M. The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation 1996, Penguin Books, London.
54. Sell J., Son Y. Comparing public goods and common pool resources: three experiments. Social Psychology Quarterly 1997, 60:118-137.
55. Sen A. Behaviour and the concept of preference. Economica 1973, 40:241-259.
56. Sen A. Rational fools: a critique of the behavioral foundations of economic theory. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1977, 6:317-344.
57. Sen A. Choice, Welfare and Measurement 1982, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
58. Sen A. Rights and agency. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1982, 11:3-39.
59. Sen A. On Ethics and Economics 1987, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
60. Sen A. Positional objectivity. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1993, 22:126-145.
61. Sen A. Rationality and Freedom 2002, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) and London.
62. Sen A. The Idea of Justice 2009, Allen Lane, London.
63. Sinnott-Armstrong W. Consequentialism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2006, (http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/consequentialism/). Fall 2008 Edition. E.N. Zalta (Ed.).
64. Moral psychology. Vol. 1-3 2008, The MIT Press, Cambridge. W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Ed.).
65. Sonnemans J., Schram A., Offerman T. Public good provision and public bad prevention: the effect of framing. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 1998, 34:143-161.
66. Tversky A., Kahneman D. Loss aversion in riskless choice - a reference-dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1991, 106:1039-1061.
67. van Dijk E., Wilke H. Decision-induced focusing in social dilemmas: give-some, keep-some, take-some, and leave-some dilemmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:92-104.
68. Wheatley T., Haidt J. Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgements more severe. Psychological Science 2005, 16:780-784.
69. Williams B. Moral luck. Philosophical papers 1973-1980 1981, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
70. Zelmer J. Linear public goods experiments: a meta-analysis. Experimental Economics 2003, 6:299-310.