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UK IBD genetics consortium genomewide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region
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This is an illumina-based metagenomic sequencing study of faecal samples from 124 European individuals
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Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine bacteria to Japanese gut microbiota
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An intriguing study indicating that seaweeds with associated marine bacteria may have been the route by which carbohydrate active enzymes were acquired by human gut microbiota and that consumption of dietary-derived bacteria may be a means of generating diversity of the gut microbiota
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Hehemann J-H, Correc G, Barbeyron T, et al. Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine bacteria to Japanese gut microbiota. Nature 2010; 464:908-912. An intriguing study indicating that seaweeds with associated marine bacteria may have been the route by which carbohydrate active enzymes were acquired by human gut microbiota and that consumption of dietary-derived bacteria may be a means of generating diversity of the gut microbiota.
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Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla
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This is an important study demonstrating the dynamism of the gut ecosystem and the factors influencing interactions amongst the microbiota and changes in host physiology in response to changes in microbial composition
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Mahowald MA, Rey FE, Seedorf H, et al. Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:5859-5864. This is an important study demonstrating the dynamism of the gut ecosystem and the factors influencing interactions amongst the microbiota and changes in host physiology in response to changes in microbial composition.
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Mahowald, M.A.1
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11
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Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns
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This is an interesting study that establishes a baseline for studies tracking successional development of the human microbiome in different body habitats after different modes of delivery
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Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11971-11975. This is an interesting study that establishes a baseline for studies tracking successional development of the human microbiome in different body habitats after different modes of delivery.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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Microbes and Health Sackler Colloquium: Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly
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Epub ahead of print This study represents the largest and deepest sampling of the composition of the microbiota in the elderly, to date. It provides a baseline and benchmark for further investigations underway on the influence of diet, drugs and living conditions on the microbiota in the elderly
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Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O'Sullivan O, et al. Microbes and Health Sackler Colloquium: Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010. [Epub ahead of print] This study represents the largest and deepest sampling of the composition of the microbiota in the elderly, to date. It provides a baseline and benchmark for further investigations underway on the influence of diet, drugs and living conditions on the microbiota in the elderly.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Claesson, M.J.1
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Through ageing, and beyond: Gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians
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PLoS One
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This is an important study that demonstrates the primacy of diet fat rather than obesity per se as a modifying influence on the composition of the microbiota
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Hildebrandt MA, Hoffmann C, Sherrill-Mix SA, et al. High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1716-2240. This is an important study that demonstrates the primacy of diet fat rather than obesity per se as a modifying influence on the composition of the microbiota.
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Gastroenterology
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Hildebrandt, M.A.1
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This is a fascinating report linking a deficiency of the innate immune system with changes in the microbiota and development of metabolic disease
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Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken JD, Carvalho FA, et al. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 5. Science 2010; 328:228-231. This is a fascinating report linking a deficiency of the innate immune system with changes in the microbiota and development of metabolic disease.
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Vijay-Kumar, M.1
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Manipulation of this commensal-regulated pathway may offer a new therapeutic opportunity for chronic inflammatory diseases
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This is a provocative report, although other studies have shown that certain other commensals including probiotic organisms have a similar effect
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Round JL, Mazmanian SK. Inducible Foxp3 regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:12204-12209. This is a provocative report, although other studies have shown that certain other commensals including probiotic organisms have a similar effect.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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Cadwell K, Patel KK, Maloney NS, et al. Virus-plus-susceptibility gene interaction determines Crohn's disease gene Atg16L1 phenotypes in intestine. Cell 2010; 141:1135-1145. This study has important implications for understanding gene-environment interactions, environment-environment interactions and the relationship between genotype and phenotype in humans.
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Rook GAW. 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: Darwinian medicine and the 'hygiene' or 'old friends' hypothesis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 160:70-79.
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Blaser MJ, Falkow S. What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota? Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:887-894. This is a provocative essay from two titans of the fields of microbiology and infectious disease.
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Self-explanatory in its title, this study raises intriguing implications concerning the loss of ancestral microbes and risk of inflammatory disease
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Fumagalli M, Pozzoli U, Cagliani R, et al. Parasites represent a major selective force for interleukin genes and shape the genetic predisposition to autoimmune conditions. J Exp Med 2009; 206:1395-1408. Self-explanatory in its title, this study raises intriguing implications concerning the loss of ancestral microbes and risk of inflammatory disease.
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Thuricin CD, a posttranslationally modified bacteriocin with a narrow spectrum of activity against Clostridium difficile
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Microbes and Health Sackler Colloquium: Effect of broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials on Clostridium difficile and microbial diversity in a model of the distal colon
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Epub ahead of print This is an important example of mining the microbiota for novel drugs, in this case, a narrow spectrum bacteriocin with activity against C. difficile
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Rea MC, Dobson A, O'Sullivan O, et al. Microbes and Health Sackler Colloquium: Effect of broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials on Clostridium difficile and microbial diversity in a model of the distal colon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010. [Epub ahead of print] This is an important example of mining the microbiota for novel drugs, in this case, a narrow spectrum bacteriocin with activity against C. difficile.
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Rea, M.C.1
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