Vagus nerve stimulation as a strategy to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 76, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 429-433

  Das, Undurti N ^a,b  

^a JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b UND LIFE SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; BRAIN PEPTIDE; CHOLECYSTOKININ; INCRETIN; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; CELL COMMUNICATION; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIVER CELL; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SYMPATHETIC TONE; VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION;

ACETYLCHOLINE; CHOLECYSTOKININ; CYTOKINES; EATING; GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES; HUMANS; HUNGER; HYPOTHALAMUS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PEPTIDES; SATIATION; VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION;

EID: 79751528244     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.013     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Reaven G.M. Banting lecture 1988: role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988, 37:1595-1607.
2. Albert M.A., Glynn R.J., Ridker P.M. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and the calculated Framingham coronary heart disease risk score. Circulation 2003, 108:161-165.
3. van der Meer I.M., de Maat M.P.M., Hak A.E., et al. C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measured as various sites in the arterial tree. The Rotterdam study. Stroke 2002, 33:2750-2755.
4. Luc G., Bard J.-M., Juhan-Vague I., et al. C-reactive protein, interleukins-6, and fibrinogen as predictors of coronary heart disease. The PRIME study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003, 23:1255-1261.
5. Engstrom G., Hedblad B., Stavenow L., Lind P., Janzon L., Lindgarde F. Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins are associated with future weight gain. Diabetes 2003, 52:2097-2101.
6. Mosca L. C-reactive protein-to screen or not to screen. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:1615-1617.
7. Castell J.V., Gomez-Lechon M.J., David M., Horano T., Kishimoto T., Heinrich P.C. Recombinant human interleukins-6 (IL-6/BSF-2/HSF) regulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins in human hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 1988, 232:347-350.
8. Barzilay J.I., Abraham L., Heckbert S.R., Cushman M., Kuller L.H., Resnick H.E., et al. The relation of markers of inflammation to the development of glucose disorders in the elderly. Diabetes 2001, 50:2384-2389.
9. Liu S., Manson J.E., Buring J.E., Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C., Ridker P.M. Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 75:492-498.
10. Labinskyy N., Mukhopadhyay P., Toth J., Szalai G., Veres M., Losonczy G., et al. Longevity is associated with increased vascular resistance to high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory gene expression in Peromyscus leucopus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009, 296:H946-H956.
11. Esposito K., Nappo F., Marfella R., et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans. Role of oxidative stress. Circulation 2002, 106:2067-2072.
12. Lin Y., Rajala M.W., Berger J.P., Moller D.E., Barzilai N., Scherer P.E. Hyperglycemia-induced production of acute phase reactants in adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:42077-42083.
13. Andres R., Tobin J.D. Aging and the disposition of glucose. Adv Exp Med Biol 1975, 61:239-249.
14. Gumbiner B., Polonsky K.S., Beltz W.F., Wallace P., Brechtel G., Fink R.I. Effects of aging on insulin secretion. Diabetes 1989, 38:1549-1556.
15. Kirwan J.P., Kohrt W.M., Wojta D.M., Bourey R.E., Holloszy J.O. Endurance exercise training reduces glucose-stimulated insulin levels in 60- to 70-year-old men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1993, 48:M84-M90.
16. Bourey R.E., Kohrt W.M., Kirwan J.P., Staten M.A., King D.S., Holloszy J.O. Relationship between glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin response in 65-year olds. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1993, 48:M122-M127.
17. Meneilly G.S., Elliott T. Metabolic alterations in middle aged and elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:112-118.
18. Chen M., Bergman R.N., Pacini G., Porte J.D. Pathogenesis of age-related glucose intolerance in man: insulin resistance and decreased b-cell function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985, 60:13-20.
19. DeFronzo R.A. Glucose intolerance and aging: evidence for tissue insensitivity to insulin. Diabetes 1979, 28:1095-1101.
20. Kohrt W.M., Kirwan J.P., King D.S., Staten M.A., Holloszy J.O. Insulin resistance of aging is related to abdominal obesity. Diabetes 1993, 42:273-281.
21. Kirwan J.P., Krishnan R.K., Weaver J.A., Del Aguila L.F., Evans W.J. Human aging is associated with altered TNF-α production during hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Am J Physiol 2001, 281:E1137-E1143.
22. Fernandez-Real J.M., Vayreda M., Richart C., et al. Circulating interleukins 6 levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:1154-1159.
23. Chae C.U., Lee R.T., Rifai N., Ridker P.M. Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men. Hypertension 2001, 38:399-403.
24. Das U.N. Is metabolic syndrome X an inflammatory condition?. Exp Biol Med 2002, 227:989-997.
25. Das U.N. Metabolic syndrome is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010, 4:577-592.
26. Pavlov V.A., Parrish W.R., Rosas-Ballina M., Ochani M., Puerta M., Ochani K., et al. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2009, 23:41-45.
27. Das U.N. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as possible markers of low-grade systemic inflammation. Med Sci Monit 2007, 13:RA214-RA221.
28. Van Maanen M.A., Vervoordeldonk M.J., Tak P.P. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: towards innovative treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009, 5:229-232.
29. Sakaguchi T., Bray G.A., Eddlestone G. Sympathetic activity following paraventricular or ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats. Brain Res Bull 1988, 20:461-465.
30. Cox J.E., Powley T.L. Prior vagotomy blocks VMH obesity in pair-fed rats. Am J Physiol 1981, 240:E573-E583.
31. Uno K., Katagiri H., Yamada T., Ishigaki Y., Ogihara T., Imai J., et al. Neuronal pathway from the liver modulates energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity. Science 2006, 312:1656-1659.
32. Gautam D., Han S.J., Duttaroy A., Mears D., Hamdan F.F., Li J.H., et al. Role of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007, 9(Suppl. 2):158-169.
33. Edvell A., Lindstrom P. Vagotomy in young obese hyperglycemic mice: effects on syndrome development and islet proliferation. Am J Physiol 1998, 274(6 Pt. 1):E1034-E1039.
34. Kiba T., Tanaka K., Hoshino M., Misugi K., Inoue S. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesion-induced vagal hyperactivity stimulates rat pancreatic cell proliferation. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:885-893.
35. Imai J., Katagiri H., Yamada T., Ishigaki Y., Suzuki T., Kudo H., et al. Regulation of pancreatic β cell mass by neuronal signals from the liver. Science 2008, 322:1250-1254.
36. Aso Y., Wakabayashi S., Nakano T., Yamamoto R., Takebayashi K., Inukai T. High serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations are associated with relative cardiac sympathetic overactivity during the early morning period in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2006, 55:1014-1021.
37. Flier M.A., Rittirsch D., Nadeau B.A., Chen A.J., Sarma J.V., Zetoune F.S., et al. Phagocyte-derived catecholamines enhance acute inflammatory injury. Nature 2007, 449:721-726.
38. Flier M.A., Rittirsch D., Nadeau B.A., Sarma J.V., Day D.E., Lentsch A.B., et al. Upregulation of phagocyte-derived catecholamines augments the acute inflammatory response. PLoS One 2009, 4:e4414.
39. Das U.N. Obesity, genes, brain, gut, and environment. Nutrition 2010, 26:459-473.
40. Wang H., Yu M., Ochani M., Amella C.A., Tanovic M., Susarla S., et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 2003, 421:384-388.
41. Holst J.J., Schwartz T.W., Knuhtsen S., Jensen S.L., Nielsen O.V. Autonomic nervous control of the endocrine secretion from the isolated, perfused pig pancreas. J Auton Nerv Syst 1986, 17:71-84.
42. Stubbs M., York D.A. Central glucocorticoid regulation of parasympathetic drive to pancreatic B-cells in the obese fa/fa rat. Int J Obes 1991, 15:547-553.
43. Rohner-Jeanrenaud F., Hochstrasser A.C., Jeanrenaud B. Hyperinsulinemia of preobese and obese fa/fa rats is partly vagus nerve mediated. Am J Physiol 1983, 244:E317-E322.
44. Miller A.W., Sims J.J., Canavan A., Hsu T., Ujhelyi M.R. Impaired vagal reflex activity in insulin-resistant rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999, 33:698-702.
45. Valensi P., Doaré L., Perret G., Germack R., Pariès J., Mesangeau D. Cardiovascular vagosympathetic activity in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic obesity. Obes Res 2003, 11:54-64.
46. Wang Y., Nagase S., Koyama A. Stimulatory effect of IGF-I and VEGF on eNOS message, protein expression, eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in rat glomeruli, and the involvement of PI3-K signaling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2004, 10:25-35.
47. Das U.N. Is insulin an endogenous cardioprotector?. Crit Care 2002, 6:389-393.
48. Vargas F., Sabio J.M., Luna J.D. Contribution of endothelium derived relaxing factors to acetylcholine induced vasodilatation in the rat kidney. Cardiovasc Res 1994, 28:1373-1377.
49. Inoue S., Mullen Y.S., Bray G.A. Hyperinsulinemia in rats with hypothalamic obesity: effects of autonomic drugs and glucose. Am J Physiol 1983, 245:R372-R378.
50. Latour M.G., Lautt W.W. The hepatic vagus nerve in the control of insulin sensitivity in the rat. Auton Neurosci 2002, 95:125-130.
51. Borovikova L.V., Ivanova S., Zhang M., Yang H., Botchkina G.I., Watkins L.R., et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2000, 405:458-462.
52. Das U.N. Vagus nerve stimulation, depression and inflammation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32:2053-2054.
53. Nemeroff C.B., Mayberg H.S., Krahl S.E., McNamara J., Frazer A., Henry T.R., et al. VNS therapy in treatment-resistant depression: clinical evidence and putative neurobiological mechanisms. Pscychoneuropharmacology 2006, 31:1345-1355.