Automatic aspects in face perception evidence from mandatory processing of distractor facial components

Experimental Psychology

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 4-18

  Anaki, David ^a   Nica, Elena I ^b   Moscovitch, Morris ^c,d  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d ROTMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attention; Faces; Featural; Objects; Perception

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; FACE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; VISION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; FACE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 78651095497     PISSN: 16183169     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000061     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Ashworth, A. R. S. III, Vuong, Q. C., Rossion, B., & Tarr, M. J. (2008). Recognizing rotated faces and Greebles: Whatproperties drive the face inversion effect? Visual Cognition, 16, 754-784.
2. Bartlett, J. C., & Searcy, J. (1993). Inversion and configuration of faces. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 281-316.
3. Bartlett, J. C., Searcy, J., & Abdi, H. (2003). What are the routes to face recognition? In M. A. Peterson & G. Rhodes (Eds.), Perception of faces, objects, and scenes (pp. 21-52). New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Barton, J. J. S., Deepak, S., & Malik, N. (2003). Attending to faces: Change detection, familiarization, and inversion effects. Perception, 32, 15-28.
5. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999a). What kind of attention modulates the Stroop effect? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 99-104.
6. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999b). Unconsciously controlled processing: The Stroop effect reconsidered. Pyschonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 449-455.
7. Besner, D., Stolz, J. A., & Boutilier, C. (1997). The Stroop effect and the myth of automaticity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 221-225.
8. Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94, 115-147.
9. Bindemann, M., Burton, A. M., Langton, S. R. H., Schweinberger, S. R., & Doherty, M. J. (2007). The control of attention to faces. Journal of Vision, 7(10), 1-8.
10. Cabeza, R., & Kato, T. (2000). Features are also important: Contributions of featural and configural processing to face recognition. Psychological Science, 11, 429-433.
11. Carey, S., & Diamond, R. (1994). Are faces perceived as configurations more by adults than by children? Visual Cognition, 1, 253-274.
12. Cheung, O. S., Richler, J. J., Palmeri, T. J., & Gauthier, I. (2008). Revisiting the role of spatial frequencies in the holistic processing of faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 1327-1336.
13. Coltheart, M. (1999). Modularity and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 115-120.
14. de Heering, A., Houthuys, S., & Rossion, B. (2007). Holistic face processing is mature at 4 years of age: Evidence from the composite face effect. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 96, 57-70.
15. Dell'Acqa, R., & Job, R. (1998). Is object recognition automatic? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 496-503.
16. Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1986). Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 107-117.
17. Fanini, A., Nobre, A. C., & Chelazzi, L. (2006). Selecting and ignoring the component features of a visual object: A negative priming paradigm. Visual Cognition, 14, 584-618.
18. Farah, M. J. (2004). Visual agnosia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
19. Farah, M. J., Tanaka, J. W., & Drain, H. M. (1995). What causes the face inversion effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 628-634.
20. Farah, M. J., Wilson, K. D., Drain, H. M., & Tanaka, J. R. (1995). The inverted face inversion effect in prosopagnosia: Evidence for mandatory, face-specific perceptual mechanisms. Vision Research, 35, 2089-2093.
21. Farah, M. J., Wilson, K. D., Drain, M., & Tanaka, J. N. (1998). What is"special"about face perception? Psychological Review, 105, 482-498.
22. Freire, A., Lee, K., & Symons, L. A. (2000). The face-inversion effect as a deficit in the encoding of configural information: Direct evidence. Perception, 29, 159-170.
23. Gauthier, I., Curran, T., Curby, K. M., & Collins, D. (2003). Perceptual interference supports a non-modular account of face processing. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 428-432.
24. Gauthier, I., & Tarr, M. J. (2002). Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity andbehavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 431-446.
25. Goffaux, V., & Rossion, B. (2006). Faces are "spatial& quot; - Holistic face perception is supported by low spatial frequencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1023-1039.
26. Hole, G. J. (1994). Configurational factors in the perception of unfamiliar faces. Perception, 23, 65-74.
27. Husk, J. S., Bennett, P. J., & Sekuler, A. B. (2007). Houses and textures: Investigating the characteristics of inversion effects. Vision Research, 47, 3350-3359.
28. Jenkins, R., Burton, A. M., & Ellis, A. W. (2002). Longterm effects of covert face recognition. Cognition, 86, B43-B52.
29. Jenkins, R., Lavie, N., & Driver, J. (2003). Ignoring famous faces: Category-specific dilution of distractor interference. Perception &chophysics, 65, 298-309.
30. Jenkins, R., Lavie, N., & Driver, J. (2005). Recognition memory for distractor faces depends on attentional load at exposure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 314-320.
31. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 4302-4311.
32. Khurana, B., Smith, W. C., & Baker, M. T. (2000). Not to be and then to be: Visual representation of ignored unfamiliar faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 246-263.
33. Kimchi, R. (2003). Relative dominance of holistic and component properties in the perceptual organization of visual objects. In M. A. Peterson & G. Rhodes (Eds.), Perception of faces, objects, and scenes: Analytic and holistic processes (pp. 235-267). New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Lavie, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 451-468.
35. Lavie, N. (2000). Selective attention and cognitive control: Dissociating attentional functions through different types of load. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Attention and performance XVIII (pp. 175-194). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Lavie, N. (2005). Distracted and confused? Selective attention under load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 75-82.
37. Lavie, N., & Cox, S. (1997). On the efficiency of attentional selection: Efficient visual search results in inefficient rejection of distraction. Psychological Science, 8, 395-398.
38. Lavie, N., Ro, T., & Russell, C. (2003). The role of perceptual load in processing distractor faces. Psychological Science, 14, 510-515.
39. Leder, H., & Bruce, V. (1998). Local and relational aspects of face distinctiveness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: A. Human Experimental Psychology, 51, 449-473.
40. Leder, H., & Bruce, V. (2000). When inverted faces are recognised: The role of configural information in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: A. Human Experimental Psychology, 53, 513-536.
41. Leder, H., Candrian, G., Huber, O., & Bruce, V. (2001). Configural features in the context of upright and inverted faces. Perception, 30, 73-83.
42. Le Grand, R., Mondloch, C. J., Maurer, D., & Brent, H. P. (2001). Early visual experience and face processing. Nature, 410, 890.
43. Le Grand, R., Mondloch, C. J., Maurer, D., & Brent, H. P. (2004). Impairment in holistic face processing following early visual deprivation. Psychological Science, 15, 762-768.
44. Liu, J., Harris, A., & Kanwisher, N. (2009). Perception of face parts and face configurations: An fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
45. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
46. MacLeod, C. M. (2007). The concept of inhibition in cognition. In D. S. Gorfein & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Inhibition in cognition (pp. 3-23). Washington: American Psychological Association.
47. Marr, D. (1982). Vision. San Francisco: Freeman.
48. Maurer, D., Le Grand, R., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255-260.
49. Maurer, D., O'Craven, K. M., Le Grand, R., Mondloch, C. J., Springer, M. V., Lewis, T. L., et al. (2007). Neural correlates of processing facial identity based on features versus their spacing. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1438-1451.
50. McKone, E., & Yovel, G. (2009). Why does picture-plane inversion sometimes dissociate perception of features and spacing in faces, and sometimes not? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16, 778-797.
51. Michel, C., Rossion, B., Han, J., Chung, C.-S., & Caldara, R. (2006). Holistic processing is finely tuned for faces of our own race. Psychological Science, 17, 608-615.
52. Murray, J. E., Yong, E., & Rhodes, G. (2000). Revisiting the perception of upside-down faces. Psychological Science, 11, 492-496.
53. Nobre, A. C., Rao, A., & Chelazzi, L. (2006). Selective attention to specific features within objects: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 539-561.
54. Palermo, R., & Rhodes, G. (2007). Are you always on my mind? A review of how face perception and attention interact. Neuropsychologia, 45, 75-92.
55. Psychological Software Tools, Inc. E-prime (version 1.0b) [Computer Software]. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychological Software Tools.
56. Rakover, S. S. (2002). Featural vs. configurational information in faces: A conceptual and empirical analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 1-30.
57. Rhodes, G. (1988). Looking at faces: First-order and secondorder features as determinants of facial appearance. Perception, 17, 43-63.
58. Rhodes, G., Brake, S., & Atkinson, A. P. (1993). What's lost in inverted faces? Cognition, 47, 25-57.
59. Riesenhuber, M., Jarudi, I., Gilad, S., & Sinha, P. (2004). Face processing in humans is compatible with a simple shapebased model of vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences, 271, S448-S450.
60. Schiltz, C., & Rossion, B. (2006). Faces are represented holistically in the human occipito-temporal cortex. Neuro-Image, 32, 1385-1394.
61. Schwaninger, A., Ryf, S., & Hofer, F. (2003). Configural information is processed differently in the perception and recognition of faces. Vision Research, 43, 1501-1505.
62. Searcy, J. H., & Bartlett, J. C. (1996). Inversion and processing of component and spatial-relational information in faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 904-915.
63. Sekuler, A. B., Gaspar, C. M., Gold, J. M., & Bennett, P. J. (2004). Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing. Current Biology, 14, 391-396.
64. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
65. Suzuki, S., & Cavanagh, P. (1995). Facial organization blocks access to low-level features: An object inferiority effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 901-913.
66. Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 225-245.
67. Tanaka, J. W., & Sengco, J. A. (1997). Faces and their configuration in face recognition. Memory & Cognition, 25, 583-592.
68. Thompson, P. (1980). Margaret Thatcher - A new illusion. Perception, 9, 483-484.
69. Valentine, T. (1988). Upside-down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 79, 471-491.
70. Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron, 30, 829-841.
71. Williams, M. A., Moss, S. A., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2004). A unique look at face processing: The impact of masked faces on the processing of facial features. Cognition, 91, 155-172.
72. Young, A. W., Ellis, A. W., Flude, B. M., McWeeny, K. H., & Hay, D. C. (1986). Face-name interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 466-475.
73. Young, A. W., Hellawell, D., & Hay, D. C. (1987). Configural information in face perception. Perception, 16, 747-759.
74. Yovel, G., & Kanwisher, N. (2004). Face perception: Domain specific, not process specific. Neuron, 44, 1-20.
75. Yovel, G., & Kanwisher, N. (2008). The representations of spacing and part-based information are associated for upright faces but dissociated for objects: Evidence from individual differences. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 933-939.