Conformity effects in memory for actions

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1077-1086

  Wright, Daniel B ^a   Schwartz, Shari L ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGINATION; MALE; PERCEPTION DISORDER; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RECALL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SUGGESTION;

ADOLESCENT; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGINATION; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; PERCEPTUAL DISTORTION; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SOCIAL CONFORMITY; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SUGGESTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78650643626     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/MC.38.8.1077     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Af Hjelmsäter, E. R., Granhag, P. A., Strömwall, L. A., & Memon, A. (2008). The effects of social influence on children's memory reports: The omission and commission error asymmetry. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 507-513. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00679.x
2. Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical data analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
3. Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31-35.
4. Axmacher, N., Gossen, A., Elger, C. E., & Fell, J. (2010). Graded effects of social conformity on recognition memory. PLoS ONE, 5, e9270. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009270
5. Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed- effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory & Language, 59, 390-412. doi:10.1016/j .jml.2007.12.005
6. Baron, R. S., Vandello, J. A., & Brunsman, B. (1996). The forgotten variable in conformity research: Impact of task importance on social influence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71, 915-927. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.915
7. Bates, D., & Maechler, M. (2009). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes (R package Version 0.999375-32). Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package5lme4.
8. Blank, H. (2009). Remembering: A theoretical interface between memory and social psychology. Social Psychology, 40, 164-175. doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.3. 164
9. Bodner, G. E., Musch, E., & Azad, T. (2009). Reevaluating the potency of the memory conformity effect. Memory & Cognition, 37, 1069-1076. doi:10.3758/MC.37.8.1069
10. Cialdini, R. B. (2008). Influence: Science and practice (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
11. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
12. Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955). A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 51, 629-636. doi:10.1037/ h0046408
13. Echterhoff, G., & Hirst, W. (2009). Social influence on memory. Social Psychology, 40, 106-110. doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.3.106
14. Engelkamp, J. (1998). Memory for actions. Hove, U.K.: Psychology Press.
15. Engelkamp, J. (2001). Action memory: A system-oriented approach. In H. D. Zimmer, R. L. Cohen, M. J. Guynn, J. Engelkamp, R. Kormi- Nouri, & M. A. Foley (Eds.), Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory? (pp. 49-96). New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Engelkamp, J., & Krumnacker, H. (1980). Imaginale und motorische Prozesse beim Behalten verbalen Materials. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 27, 511-533.
17. French, L., Gerrie, M. P., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2009). Evidence for the efficacy of the MORI technique: Viewers do not notice or implicitly remember details from the alternative movie version. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1224-1232. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1224
18. Gabbert, F., Memon, A., & Allan, K. (2003). Memory conformity: Can eyewitnesses influence each other's memories for an event? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 533-543. doi:10.1002/acp.885 (Pubitemid 39517266)
19. Gabbert, F., Memon, A., & Wright, D. B. (2007). I saw it for longer than you: The relationship between perceived encoding duration and memory conformity. Acta Psychologica, 124, 319-331. doi:10.1016/j .actpsy.2006.03.009
20. Goff, L. M., & Roediger, H. L., III (1998). Imagination inflation for action events: Repeated imaginings lead to illusory recollections. Memory & Cognition, 26, 20-33.
21. Goldstein, H. (2003). Multilevel statistical models (3rd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
22. Gudjonsson, G. H., & MacKeith, J. A. (1982). False confessions: Psychological effects of interrogation. A discussion paper. In A. Trankell (Ed.), Reconstructing the past: The role of psychologists in criminal trials (pp. 253-269). Deventer, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
23. Hirst, W., & Manier, D. (2008). Towards a psychology of collective memory. Memory, 16, 183-200. doi:10.1080/09658210701811912 (Pubitemid 351372310)
24. Hope, L., Ost, J., Gabbert, F., Healey, S., & Lenton, E. (2008). "With a little help from my friends ⋯": The role of co-witness relationship in susceptibility to misinformation. Acta Psychologica, 127, 476-484. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.08.010
25. Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3
26. Kassin, S. M. (2008). The psychology of confessions. Annual Review of Law & Social Science, 4, 193-217. doi:10.1146/annurev .lawsocsci.4.110707. 172410
27. Kelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 51-60.
28. Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source. Memory & Cognition, 17, 349-358.
29. Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12, 361-366. doi:10.1101/lm.94705 (Pubitemid 41126848)
30. Loftus, G. R., & Bell, S. M. (1975). Two types of information in picture memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 1, 103-113.
31. MacDonald, C. B., & Davey, G. C. L. (2005). A mood-as-input account of perseverative checking: The relationship between stop rules, mood and confidence in having checked successfully. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43, 69-91. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.11.003 (Pubitemid 39452835)
32. Mazzoni, G. (2002). Naturally occurring and suggestion-dependent memory distortions: The convergence of disparate research traditions. European Psychologist, 7, 17-30. doi:10.1027//1016-9040.7.1.17
33. Meade, M. L., & Roediger, H. L., III (2002). Explorations in the social contagion of memory. Memory & Cognition, 30, 995-1009.
34. Merckelbach, H., Van Roermund, H., & Candel, I. (2007). Effects of collaborative recall: Denying true information is as powerful as suggesting misinformation. Psychology, Crime & Law, 13, 573-581. doi:10.1080/ 10683160601160679
35. Mori, K. (2007). A revised method for projecting two different movies to two groups of viewers without their noticing the duality. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 574-578.
36. Nilsson, L.-G., & Kormi-Nouri, R. (2001). What is the meaning of a memory-systems approach? Comments on Engelkamp. In H. D. Zimmer, R. L. Cohen, M. J. Guynn, J. Engelkamp, R. Kormi-Nouri, & M. A. Foley (Eds.), Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory? (pp. 136-143). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Paterson, H. M., & Kemp, R. I. (2006a). Comparing methods of encountering post-event information: The power of co-witness suggestion. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 1083-1099. doi:10.1002/acp.1261 (Pubitemid 44941836)
38. Paterson, H. M., & Kemp, R. I. (2006b). Co-witnesses talk: A survey of eyewitness discussion. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12, 181-191. doi:10.1080/10683160512331316334 (Pubitemid 44011821)
39. Reysen, M. B. (2005). The effects of conformity on recognition judgements. Memory, 13, 87-94. doi:10.1080/09658210344000602
40. Roediger, H. L., III (2010). Reflections on intersections between cognitive and social psychology: A personal exploration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 189-205. doi:10.1002/ejsp.736
41. Roediger, H. L., III, Meade, M. L., & Bergman, E. T. (2001). Social contagion of memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 365-371.
42. Schneider, D. M., & Watkins, M. J. (1996). Response conformity in recognition testing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 481-485.
43. Sherif, M. (1936). The psychology of social norms. New York: Harper Collins. Skagerberg, E. M. (2006). Co-witness feedback in lineups. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 489-497. doi:10.1002/acp.1285
44. Skagerberg, E. M., & Wright, D. B. (2008a). Manipulating power can affect memory conformity. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 207-216. doi:10.1002/acp.1353 (Pubitemid 351454191)
45. Skagerberg, E. M., & Wright, D. B. (2008b). The prevalence of cowitnesses and co-witness discussions in real eyewitnesses. Psychology, Crime & Law, 14, 513-521. doi:10.1080/10683160801948980
46. Skagerberg, E. M., & Wright, D. B. (2009). Susceptibility to postidentification feedback is affected by source credibility. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 506-523. doi:10.1002/acp.1470
47. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26, 1-12.
48. Wright, D. B., Gabbert, F., Memon, A., & London, K. (2008). Changing the criterion for memory conformity in free recall and recognition. Memory, 16, 137-148. doi:10.1080/09658210701836174 (Pubitemid 351298193)
49. Wright, D. B., Loftus, E. F., & Hall, M. (2001). Now you see it; now you don't: Inhibiting recall and recognition of scenes. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 471-482. doi:10.1002/acp.719 (Pubitemid 33673429)
50. Wright, D. B., & London, K. (2009). Multilevel modelling: Beyond the basic applications. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 62, 439-456. doi:10.1348/000711008X327632
51. Wright, D. B., London, K., & Waechter, M. (2010). Social anxiety moderates memory conformity in adolescents. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 1034-1045.
52. Wright, D. B., Mathews, S. A., & Skagerberg, E. M. (2005). Social recognition memory: The effect of other people's responses for previously seen and unseen items. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 11, 200-209. doi:10.1037/1076-898X.11.3.200 (Pubitemid 41560359)
53. Wright, D. B., Memon, A., Skagerberg, E. M., & Gabbert, F. (2009). When eyewitnesses talk. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 174-178. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01631.x
54. Wright, D. B., Self, G., & Justice, C. (2000). Memory conformity: Exploring misinformation effects when presented by another person. British Journal of Psychology, 91, 189-202.
55. Zimmer, H. D. (2001). Why do actions speak louder than words? Action memory as a variant of encoding manipulations or the result of a specific memory system. In H. D. Zimmer, R. L. Cohen, M. J. Guynn, J. Engelkamp, R. Kormi-Nouri, & M. A. Foley (Eds.), Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory? (pp. 151-198). New York: Oxford University Press.
56. Zimmer, H. D., Cohen, R. L., Guynn, M. J., Engelkamp, J., Kormi- Nouri, R., & Foley, M. A. (Eds.) (2001). Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory? New York: Oxford University Press.