Determination of alcohol and extract concentration in beer samples using a combined method of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and refractometry

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 58, Issue 24, 2010, Pages 12634-12641

  Castritius, Stefan ^a   Kron, Alexander ^b   Schäfer, Thomas ^b   Rädle, Matthias ^b   Harms, Diedrich ^a  

^a Central Laboratory   (Germany)

^b MANNHEIM UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Germany)

Author keywords

alcohol; beer; multivariate calibration; NIR spectroscopy; PLS; quantification; real extract; refractometry; scatter correction

Indexed keywords

MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; PLS; QUANTIFICATION; REAL EXTRACT; REFRACTOMETRY; SCATTER CORRECTION;

BEER; CALIBRATION; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); EXTRACTION; INFRARED DEVICES; MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING;

LEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS;

ALCOHOL;

ARTICLE; BEER; EVALUATION; METHODOLOGY; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; REFRACTOMETRY;

BEER; ETHANOL; REFRACTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY, NEAR-INFRARED;

EID: 78650401566     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: 15205118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf1030604     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Briggs, D. E., Boulton, C. A., Brookes, P. A., and Stevens, R. Chemical and physical properties of beer. In Brewing Science and Practice; Woodhead Publishing: Abington Cambridge, U.K., 2004; pp 662-715.
2. Meilgaard, M. C. Flavor chemistry of beer. Flavor and threshold of 239 aroma volatiles MBAA Tech. Q. 1975, 12, 107-117
3. Meilgaard, M. C. Flavor chemistry of beer. Flavor interaction between principal volatiles MBAA Tech. Q. 1975, 12, 107-117
4. European Brewery Convention (EBC). Alcohol in beer by distillation. In Analytica-EBC; Hans Carl Fachverlag: Nürnberg, Germany, 2009,: Chapter 9.2.1
5. Mitteleuropäische Brautechnischen Analysenkommission (MEBAK). Destillationsanalyse (Referenzmethode-EBC-Methode). In Brautechnische Analysenmethoden Band 2, 4th ed.; Selbstverlag der MEBAK: Freising, Germany, 2002; p 76.
6. Osborne, B. G. Near-infrared spectroscopy in food analysis. In Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed.; Meyers, R. A., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 2000.
7. Murray, I.; Williams, P. C. Chemical principals of near-infrared technology. In Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries; Williams, P. C.; Norris, K. H., Eds.; American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 1987; pp 17-34.
8. Molt, K. 50 Jahre IR-Spektroskopie Nachr. Chem. 2002, 50, 1232-1236
9. Downey, G.; Boussion, J. Authentication of coffee bean variety by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of dried extract J. Sci. Food Agric. 1996, 71, 41-49
10. Jones, G. R.; Deakin, A. G.; Spencer, J. W. Chromatic signatures of broadband optical spectra for liquor discrimation Meas. Sci. Technol. 2009, 20, 1-10
11. Li, W.; Goovaerts, P.; Meurens, M. Quantitative analysis of individual sugars and acids in orange juices by near-infrared spectroscopy of dry extract J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996, 44, 2252-2259
12. Rodriguez-Saona, L. E.; Fry, F. S.; McLaughlin, M. A.; Calvey, E. M. Rapid analysis of sugars in fruit juices by FT-NIR spectroscopy Carbohydr. Res. 2001, 336, 63-74
13. León, L.; Kelly, J. D.; Downey, G. Detection of apple juice adulteration using near-infrared transflectance spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. 2005, 59, 593-599
14. Saiz-Abajo, M. J.; Gonzalez-Saiz, J. M.; Pizarro, C. Prediction of organic acids and other quality parameters of wine vinegar by near-infrared spectroscopy. A feasibility study Food Chem. 2006, 99, 615-621
15. Niu, X.; Shen, F.; Yu, Y.; Yan, Z.; Xu, K.; Yu, H.; Ying, Y. Analysis of sugars in Chinese rice wine by fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy with partial least-squares regression J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 7271-7278
16. Osborne, B.; Fearn, T.; Hindle, P. T. Applications of near infrared spectroscopy in food and beverage analysis. In Practical NIR Spectroscopy with Applications in Food and Beverage Analysis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1993; pp 145-199.
17. Williams, P.; Norris, K. In Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, 2nd ed.; American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 2001.
18. Gallignani, M.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Stopped-flow near-infrared spectrometric determination of ethanol and maltose in beers Anal. Chim. Acta 1994, 296, 155-161
19. Gallignani, M.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Direct determination of ethanol in all types of alcoholic beverages by near-infrared derivative spectrometry Analyst 1993, 118, 1167-1173
20. Engelhard, S.; Kumke, M. U.; Löhmannsröben, H. G. Examples of the application of optical process and quality sensing (OPQS) to beer brewing and polyurethane foaming processes Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 384, 1107-1112
21. Inon, F. A.; Llario, R.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Development of a PLS based method for determination of the quality of beers by use of NIR spectral ranges and sample-introduction considerations Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 382, 1549-1561
22. Westad, F.; Martens, H. Variable selection in near infrared spectroscopy based on significance testing in partial least squares regression J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2000, 8, 117-124
23. Norgaard, L.; Saudland, A.; Wagner, J.; Nielsen, J. P.; Munck, L.; Engelsen, S. Interval partial least-squares regression (iPLS): a comparative chemometric study with an example from near-infrared spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. 2000, 54, 413-419
24. Inon, F. A.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Combination of mid-and near-infrared spectroscopy for the determination of the quality properties of beers Anal. Chim. Acta 2006, 571, 167-174 (Pubitemid 44209102)
25. Llario, R.; Inon, F. A.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Determination of quality parameters of beers by the use of attenuated total reflectance FT-MIR Talanta 2006, 69, 469-480
26. Mendes, L. S.; Oliveira, F. C. C.; Suarez, P. A. Z.; Rubim, J. C. Determination of ethanol in fuel ethanol and beverages by Fourier transform (FT)-near infrared and FT-Raman spectrometries Anal. Chim. Acta 2003, 493, 219-231
27. Weyh, H.; Hagen, W. Determination of the original gravity of draught beer. Development of a formula fort he refractometer method Brauwelt 1992, 132, 51-53
28. Hagen, W.; Weyh, H. Refraktometrische Stammwürzebestimmung mit Nomogrammen und Formeln Brauwelt 1995, 135, 816-822
29. Weyh, H.; Hagen, W. A uniform beer analysis fort he European Community (EC) Brauwissenschaft 1975, 28, 293-300
30. Schild, E.; Irrgang, G. Zur refraktometrischen Bieranalyse Die Entwicklung von Berechnungsformeln für Alkohol und wirklichen Extrakt aus der Refraktionszahl und dem spezifischen Gewicht eines Bieres Teil A: Theoretischer Teil Brauwissenschaft 1956, 9, 314-323
31. Schild, E.; Irrgang, G. Zur refraktometrischen Bieranalyse Die Entwicklung von Berechnungsformeln für Alkohol und wirklichen Extrakt aus der Refraktionszahl und dem spezifischen Gewicht eines Bieres Teil B: Praktischer Teil Brauwissenschaft 1957, 10, 19-24
32. Kessler, W. Multivariate regressionsmethoden. In Multivariate Datenanalyse für die Pharma-, Bio-und Prozessanalytik, 1st ed.; Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, 2007; pp 89-151.
33. Martens, H.; Naes, T. Methods for calibration. In Multivariate Calibration, 1st ed.; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 1991; pp 73-236.
34. Kromidas, S. Die Validierungsparameter (oder nach ISO 17025: Verfahrensmerkmale). In Validierung in der Analytik, 1st ed.; Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, 1999; pp 47-196.
35. Kron, A.; Schäfer, T.; Klug, K. I.; Rädle, M. Development of a robust low-cost VIS/NIR-spectrometer. Unpublished Material.
36. Cozzolino, D.; Liua, L.; Cynkar, W. U.; Dambergs, R. G.; Janik, L.; Colby, C. B.; Gishen, M. Effect of temperature variation on the visible and near infrared spectra of wine and the consequences on the partial least square calibrations developed to measure chemical composition Anal. Chim. Acta 2007, 588, 224-230
37. Arnold, S. A.; Gaensakoo, R.; Harvey, L. M.; McNeil, B. Use of at-line and in-situ near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor biomass in an industrial fed-batch Escherichia coli process Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2002, 80, 405-413
38. Harthun, S.; Matischak, K.; Friedl, P. Determination of recombinant protein in animal cell culture supernatant by near-infrared spectroscopy Anal. Biochem. 1997, 251, 73-78
39. International Commision for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA). Specifications and Standards SPS3-Refractometry and Tables. In ICUMSA Methods Book; ICUMSA Publications Department: Norwich, U.K., 2000.
40. Casale, M.; Saiz Abajo, M. J.; Gonzalez Saiz, J. M.; Pizarro, C.; Forina, M. Study of the aging and oxidation processes of vinegar samples from different origins during storage by near-infrared spectroscopy Anal. Chim. Acta 2006, 557, 360-366
41. Preys, S.; Roger, J. M.; Boulet, J. C. Robust calibration using orthogonal projection and experimental design. Application to the correction of the light scattering effect on turbid NIR spectra Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2008, 91, 28-33
42. Dhanoa, M. S.; Lister, S. J.; Sanderson, R.; Barnes, R. J. The link between multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformations of NIR spectra J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 1994, 2, 43-47
43. Barnes, R. J.; Dhanoa, M. S.; Lister, S. J. Correction to the description of standard normal variate (SNV) and de-trend (DT) transformation in practical spectroscopy with applications in food and beverage analysis J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 1993, 1, 185-186
44. Gallignani, M.; Garrigues, S.; de la Guardia, M. Derivative Fourier transform infrared spectrometric determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages Anal. Chim. Acta 1994, 287, 275-283
45. Williams, P. C. Variables affecting near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic analysis. In Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries; Williams, P. C.; Norris, K. H., Eds.; American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 1987; pp 143-167.