Immunomodulators as adjuvants for vaccines and antimicrobial therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1213, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 46-61

  Nicholls, Erin F ^a   Madera, Laurence ^a   Hancock, Robert E W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adjuvant; Antimicrobial; Immunomodulator; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR AGONIST; VACCINE;

ARTICLE; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; NONHUMAN; VACCINATION;

EID: 78650375715     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05787.x     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Guy, B. 2007. The perfect mix: recent progress in adjuvant research. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5: 505-517.
2. Lima, K.M. et al. 2004. Vaccine adjuvant: it makes the difference. Vaccine 22: 2374-2379.
3. Brewer, J.M. 2006. (How) do aluminium adjuvants work? Immunol. Lett. 102: 10-15.
4. Lindblad, E.B. 2004. Aluminium compounds for use in vaccines. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 82: 497-505.
5. Reed, S.G. et al. 2009. New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Trends Immunol. 30: 23-32.
6. Morefield, G.L. et al. 2005. Role of aluminum-containing adjuvants in antigen internalization by dendritic cells in vitro. Vaccine 23: 1588-1595.
7. Rimaniol, A.C. et al. 2004. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces macrophage differentiation towards a specialized antigen-presenting cell type. Vaccine 22: 3127-3135.
8. Lambrecht, B.N. et al. 2009. Mechanism of action of clinically approved adjuvants. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21: 23-29.
9. De Gregorio, E., U. D'Oro & A. Wack 2009. Immunology of TLR-independent vaccine adjuvants. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21: 339-345.
10. Jones, T. 2009. GSK's novel split-virus adjuvanted vaccines for the prevention of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza infection. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 11: 337-345.
11. Stanberry, L.R. 2004. Clinical trials of prophylactic and therapeutic herpes simplex virus vaccines. Herpes 11(Suppl. 3): 161A-169A.
12. Tritto, E., F. Mosca & E. De Gregorio 2009. Mechanism of action of licensed vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 27: 3331-3334.
13. Martin, M., S.M. Michalek & J. Katz 2003. Role of innate immune factors in the adjuvant activity of monophosphoryl lipid A. Infect. Immun. 71: 2498-2507.
14. Casella, C.R. & T.C. Mitchell 2008. Putting endotoxin to work for us: monophosphoryl lipid A as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 65: 3231-3240.
15. Garcon, N., P. Chomez & M. Van Mechelen 2007. GlaxoSmithKline Adjuvant Systems in vaccines: concepts, achievements and perspectives. Expert Rev. Vaccines 6: 723-739.
16. Tagliabue, A. & R. Rappuoli 2008. Vaccine adjuvants: the dream becomes real. Hum. Vaccin. 4: 347-349.
17. Didierlaurent, A.M. et al. 2009. AS04, an aluminum salt- and TLR4 agonist-based adjuvant system, induces a transient localized innate immune response leading to enhanced adaptive immunity. J. Immunol. 183: 6186-6197.
18. Verstraeten, T. et al. 2008. Analysis of adverse events of potential autoimmune aetiology in a large integrated safety database of AS04 adjuvanted vaccines. Vaccine 26: 6630-6638.
19. Wheeler, A.W. & S.R. Woroniecki 2004. Allergy vaccines-new approaches to an old concept. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 4: 1473-1481.
20. Bae, K. et al. 2009. Innovative vaccine production technologies: the evolution and value of vaccine production technologies. Arch. Pharm. Res. 32: 465-480.
21. Herzog, C. et al. 2009. Eleven years of Inflexal V-a virosomal adjuvanted influenza vaccine. Vaccine 27: 4381-4387.
22. Bovier, P.A. 2008. Epaxal: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis A infection. Expert Rev. Vaccines 7: 1141-1150.
23. van Duin, D., R. Medzhitov & A.C. Shaw 2006. Triggering TLR signaling in vaccination. Trends Immunol. 27: 49-55.
24. McKee, A.S., M.W. Munks & P. Marrack 2007. How do adjuvants work? Important considerations for new generation adjuvants. Immunity 27: 687-690.
25. Mutwiri, G., S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk & L.A. Babiuk 2009. Approaches to enhancing immune responses stimulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61: 226-232.
26. Koyama, S. et al. 2009. Innate immune control of nucleic acid-based vaccine immunogenicity. Expert Rev. Vaccines 8: 1099-1107.
27. Harandi, A.M., G. Davies & O.F. Olesen 2009. Vaccine adjuvants: scientific challenges and strategic initiatives. Expert Rev. Vaccines 8: 293-298.
28. DeFrancesco, L. 2008. Dynavax trial halted. Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 484.
29. Aucouturier, J., S. Ascarateil & L. Dupuis 2006. The use of oil adjuvants in therapeutic vaccines. Vaccine 24(Suppl. 2): S2-44-S2-45.
30. Audran, R. et al. 2009. The synthetic Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite peptide PfCS102 as a malaria vaccine candidate: a randomized controlled phase I trial. PLoS One 4: e7304.
31. Roestenberg, M. et al. 2008. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 malaria vaccine adjuvanted with Alhydrogel, Montanide ISA 720 or AS02. PLoS One 3: e3960.
32. Malkin, E. et al. 2008. A phase 1 trial of PfCP2.9: an AMA1/MSP1 chimeric recombinant protein vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Vaccine 26: 6864-6873.
33. Wu, Y. et al. 2008. Phase 1 trial of malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidates Pfs25 and Pvs25 formulated with montanide ISA 51. PLoS One 3: e2636.
34. Chowdhury, D.R. et al. 2009. A potent malaria transmission blocking vaccine based on codon harmonized full length Pfs48/45 expressed in Escherichia coli. PLoS One. 4: e6352.
35. Chwalek, M. et al. 2006. Structure-activity relationships of some hederagenin diglycosides: haemolysis, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1760: 1418-1427.
36. Campbell, J.B. & Y.A. Peerbaye 1992. Saponin. Res. Immunol. 143: 526-530.
37. Sun, H.X., Y. Xie & Y.P. Ye 2009. Advances in saponin-based adjuvants. Vaccine 27: 1787-1796.
38. Pichichero, M.E. 2008. Improving vaccine delivery using novel adjuvant systems. Hum. Vaccine 4: 262-270.
39. Payne, L.G. et al. 1998. Poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene] (PCPP) is a potent immunoadjuvant for an influenza vaccine. Vaccine 16: 92-98.
40. Petrovsky, N. 2006. Novel human polysaccharide adjuvants with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity. Vaccine 24(Suppl. 2): S2-26-S2-29.
41. Silva, D.G., P.D. Cooper & N. Petrovsky 2004. Inulin-derived adjuvants efficiently promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Immunol. Cell Biol. 82: 611-616.
42. Aguilar, J.C. & E.G. Rodriguez 2007. Vaccine adjuvants revisited. Vaccine 25: 3752-3762.
43. Mookherjee, N. & R.E. Hancock 2007. Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 64: 922-933.
44. Lillard, J.W., Jr., et al. 1999. Mechanisms for induction of acquired host immunity by neutrophil peptide defensins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 651-656.
45. Tani, K. et al. 2000. Defensins act as potent adjuvants that promote cellular and humoral immune responses in mice to a lymphoma idiotype and carrier antigens. Int. Immunol. 12: 691-700.
46. Kovacs-Nolan, J. et al. 2009. CpG oligonucleotide, host defense peptide and polyphosphazene act synergistically, inducing long-lasting, balanced immune responses in cattle. Vaccine 27: 2048-2054.
47. Kindrachuk, J. et al. 2009. A novel vaccine adjuvant comprised of a synthetic innate defence regulator peptide and CpG oligonucleotide links innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccine 27: 4662-4671.
48. Platanias, L.C. 2005. Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5: 375-386.
49. Decker, T., M. Muller & S. Stockinger 2005. The yin and yang of type I interferon activity in bacterial infection. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5: 675-687.
50. Santantonio, T. et al. 2002. Lamivudine/interferon combination therapy in anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B patients: a controlled pilot study. J. Hepatol. 36: 799-804.
51. Pimstone, N. et al 2002. Ribavirin/interferon alpha-2b therapy is very effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 & 3 patients who have failed to respond virologically to interferon monotherapy. J. Hepatol. 36(Suppl.1): 129.
52. Lindsay, K.L. et al. 2001. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa-2b as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 34: 395-403.
53. Hong, J. et al. 2002. Anti-viral properties of interferon beta treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 8: 237-242.
54. Marciano, B.E. et al. 2004. Long-term interferon-gamma therapy for patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Clin. Infect Dis. 39: 692-699.
55. Bemiller, L.S. et al. 1995. Safety and effectiveness of long-term interferon gamma therapy in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 21: 239-247.
56. Woodman, R.C. et al. 1992. Prolonged recombinant interferon-gamma therapy in chronic granulomatous disease: evidence against enhanced neutrophil oxidase activity. Blood 79: 1558-1562.
57. Ahlin, A. et al. 1999. Gamma interferon treatment of patients with chronic granulomatous disease is associated with augmented production of nitric oxide by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6: 420-424.
58. Gonzalez, A. et al. 2000. Nitric oxide participation in the fungicidal mechanism of gamma interferon-activated murine macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia. Infect. Immun. 68: 2546-2552.
59. Beaman, L. 1987. Fungicidal activation of murine macrophages by recombinant gamma interferon. Infect. Immun. 55: 2951-2955.
60. Lutz, J.E., K.V. Clemons & D.A. Stevens 2000. Enhancement of antifungal chemotherapy by interferon-gamma in experimental systemic cryptococcosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 46: 437-442.
61. Clemons, K.V., J.E. Lutz & D.A. Stevens 2001. Efficacy of recombinant gamma interferon for treatment of systemic cryptococcosis in SCID mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45: 686-689.
62. Pappas, P.G. et al. 2004. Recombinant interferon-gamma 1b as adjunctive therapy for AIDS-related acute cryptococcal meningitis. J. Infect. Dis. 189: 2185-2191.
63. Panopoulos, A.D. & S.S. Watowich 2008. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: molecular mechanisms of action during steady state and 'emergency' hematopoiesis. Cytokine 42: 277-288.
64. Anderlini, P. & R.E. Champlin 2008. Biologic and molecular effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in healthy individuals: recent findings and current challenges. Blood 111: 1767-1772.
65. Dale, D.C. et al. 1993. A randomized controlled phase III trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) for treatment of severe chronic neutropenia. Blood 81: 2496-2502.
66. Gisselbrecht, C. et al. 1994. Placebo-controlled phase III trial of lenograstim in bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet 343: 696-700.
67. Kuritzkes, D.R. 2000. Neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction, and bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease: the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30: 256-260.
68. Held, T.K. et al. 1998. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor worsens the outcome of experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia through direct interaction with the bacteria. Blood 91: 2525-2535.
69. Karzai, W. et al. 1999. G-CSF during Escherichia coli versus Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in rats has fundamentally different and opposite effects. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159: 1377-1382.
70. Cheng, A.C., D.P. Stephens & B.J. Currie 2007. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD004400.
71. Smith, W.S. et al. 1995. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus placebo in addition to penicillin G in a randomized blinded study of gram-negative pneumonia sepsis: analysis of survival and multisystem organ failure. Blood 86: 1301-1309.
72. Lundblad, R., J.M. Nesland & K.E. Giercksky 1996. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves survival rate and reduces concentrations of bacteria, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. Crit. Care Med. 24: 820-826.
73. Sionov, E., S. Mendlovic & E. Segal 2005. Experimental systemic murine aspergillosis: treatment with polyene and caspofungin combination and G-CSF. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 56: 594-597.
74. Kullberg, B.J. et al. 1998. Recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against acute disseminated Candida albicans infection in nonneutropenic mice. J. Infect Dis. 177: 175-181.
75. Kullberg, B.J., K. Vandewoude, M. Aoun, et al. 1998. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study of Filgrastim (recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in combination with fluconazole for treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidemia in nonneutropenic patients. In Program and Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Diego
76. Hamilton, J.A. 2008. Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8: 533-544.
77. Bober, L.A. et al. 1995. The effect of GM-CSF and G-CSF on human neutrophil function. Immunopharmacology 29: 111-119.
78. Beveridge, R.A. et al. 1998. A comparison of efficacy of sargramostim (yeast-derived RhuGM-CSF) and filgrastim (bacteria-derived RhuG-CSF) in the therapeutic setting of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Cancer Invest. 16: 366-373.
79. Biesma, B. et al. 1990. Efficacy and tolerability of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with chemotherapy-related leukopenia and fever. Eur. J. Cancer 26: 932-936.
80. Buisman, A.M., J.A. Langermans & R. van Furth 1998. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the number of leucocytes and course of Listeria monocytogenes infection in naive and leucocytopenic mice. Immunology 93: 73-79.
81. Denis, M. 1991. Colony-stimulating factors increase resistance to atypical mycobacteria in resistant mice, whereas they decrease resistance in susceptible strains of mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 50: 296-302.
82. Lechner, A.J. et al. 1994. Recombinant GM-CSF reduces lung injury and mortality during neutropenic Candida sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. 266: L561-L568.
83. Baltch, A.L. et al. 2008. Anticandidal effects of voriconazole and caspofungin, singly and in combination, against Candida glabrata, extracellularly and intracellularly in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-activated human monocytes. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62: 1285-1290.
84. Hubel, K., D.C. Dale & W.C. Liles 2002. Therapeutic use of cytokines to modulate phagocyte function for the treatment of infectious diseases: current status of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma. J. Infect. Dis. 185: 1490-1501.
85. Vitt, C.R. et al. 1994. Antifungal activity of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in models of acute and chronic candidiasis in the rat. J. Infect. Dis. 169: 369-374.
86. Kuhara, T., K. Uchida & H. Yamaguchi 2000. Therapeutic efficacy of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor, used alone and in combination with antifungal agents, in mice with systemic Candida albicans infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44: 19-23.
87. Weiner, L.M. et al. 1994. Phase I trial of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant gamma-interferon: toxicity, monocytosis, and clinical effects. Cancer Res. 54: 4084-4090.
88. Cluff, C.W. et al. 2005. Synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonists stimulate innate resistance to infectious challenge. Infect. Immun. 73: 3044-3052.
89. Airhart, C.L. et al. 2008. Induction of innate immunity by lipid A mimetics increases survival from pneumonic plague. Microbiology 154: 2131-2138.
90. Garland, S.M. 2003. Imiquimod. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 16: 85-89.
91. Mark, K.E. et al. 2007. Topical resiquimod 0.01% gel decreases herpes simplex virus type 2 genital shedding: a randomized, controlled trial. J. Infect. Dis. 195: 1324-1331.
92. Goldstein, D. et al. 1998. Administration of imiquimod, an interferon inducer, in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons to determine safety and biologic response modification. J. Infect. Dis. 178: 858-861.
93. Horsmans, Y. et al. 2005. Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection. Hepatology 42: 724-731.
94. Krieg, A.M. 2007. Antiinfective applications of toll-like receptor 9 agonists. Proc. Am Thorac. Soc. 4: 289-294.
95. McHutchinson, J. et al. 2005. Relationships of HCV RNA responses to CpG 10101, a TLR9 agonist: pharmacodynamics and patient characteristics. Hepatology 42: 249A.
96. Flynn, B. et al. 2005. Prevention and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in primates by using synthetic type D/A oligodeoxynucleotides expressing CpG motifs. Infect. Immun. 73: 4948-4954.
97. Verthelyi, D. et al. 2003. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides protect normal and SIV-infected macaques from Leishmania infection. J. Immunol. 170: 4717-4723.
98. Scott, M.G. et al. 2007. An anti-infective peptide that selectively modulates the innate immune response. Nat. Biotechnol. 25: 465-472.
99. Nijnik, A. et al. 2010. Synthetic cationic peptide IDR-1002 provides protection against bacterial infections through chemokine induction and enhanced leukocyte recruitment. J. Immunol. 184: 2539-2550.
100. Van Der Does, A.M. et al. 2010. Antimicrobial peptide hLF1-11 directs GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation towards macrophages with enhanced recognition and clearance of pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54: 811-816.