메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 612-626

Long-term resilience, bush encroachment patterns and local knowledge in a Northeast African savanna

Author keywords

Africa; Ethiopia; Hyrax; Indigenous knowledge; Pollen

Indexed keywords

BUSHLAND; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; DICOTYLEDON; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; NATIONAL PARK; PASTURE; POLLEN; SAVANNA; SMALL MAMMAL; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE;

EID: 78650169393     PISSN: 09593780     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (90)
  • 2
    • 0034487596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological condition of encroached and non-encroached rangelands in Borana, Ethiopia
    • Angassa A., Baars R.M.T. Ecological condition of encroached and non-encroached rangelands in Borana, Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology 2000, 38:321-328.
    • (2000) African Journal of Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 321-328
    • Angassa, A.1    Baars, R.M.T.2
  • 3
    • 44849125154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of management and time on mechanisms of bush encroachment in southern Ethiopia
    • Angassa A., Oba G. Effects of management and time on mechanisms of bush encroachment in southern Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology 2008, 46:186-196.
    • (2008) African Journal of Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 186-196
    • Angassa, A.1    Oba, G.2
  • 4
    • 60849121119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush encroachment control demonstrations in southern Ethiopia: 1. Woody species survival strategies with implications for herder land management
    • Angassa A., Oba G. Bush encroachment control demonstrations in southern Ethiopia: 1. Woody species survival strategies with implications for herder land management. African Journal of Ecology 2009, 47:63-76.
    • (2009) African Journal of Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 63-76
    • Angassa, A.1    Oba, G.2
  • 5
    • 0024257249 scopus 로고
    • Autogenic succession in a subtropical savanna: conversion of grassland to thorn woodland
    • Archer S., Scifres C., Bassham C.R., Maggio R. Autogenic succession in a subtropical savanna: conversion of grassland to thorn woodland. Ecological Monographs 1988, 58:111-127.
    • (1988) Ecological Monographs , vol.58 , pp. 111-127
    • Archer, S.1    Scifres, C.2    Bassham, C.R.3    Maggio, R.4
  • 7
    • 0002969855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire
    • Cambridge Unversity Press, R.M. Cowling, D.M. Richardson, S.M. Pierce (Eds.)
    • Bond W.J. Fire. Vegetation in Southern Africa 1997, 421-446. Cambridge Unversity Press. R.M. Cowling, D.M. Richardson, S.M. Pierce (Eds.).
    • (1997) Vegetation in Southern Africa , pp. 421-446
    • Bond, W.J.1
  • 8
    • 34249932767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eviction for conservation: a global overview
    • Brockington D., Igoe J. Eviction for conservation: a global overview. Conservation and Society 2006, 4:424-470.
    • (2006) Conservation and Society , vol.4 , pp. 424-470
    • Brockington, D.1    Igoe, J.2
  • 10
    • 0034963083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pollen-slide and sieving methods in lacustrine charcoal analyses for local and regional fire history
    • Carcaillet C., Bouvier M., Frechette B., Larouche A.C., Richard P.J.H. Comparison of pollen-slide and sieving methods in lacustrine charcoal analyses for local and regional fire history. The Holocene 2001, 11:467-476.
    • (2001) The Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 467-476
    • Carcaillet, C.1    Bouvier, M.2    Frechette, B.3    Larouche, A.C.4    Richard, P.J.H.5
  • 11
    • 34248165813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interés de algunos depósitos biogénicos en la reconstrucción paleoambiental de zonas ridas. El caso de Procavia, Petromus y Neotoma. II. Datos palinológicos
    • Carrión J.S., Scott L., Davis O.K. Interés de algunos depósitos biogénicos en la reconstrucción paleoambiental de zonas ridas. El caso de Procavia, Petromus y Neotoma. II. Datos palinológicos. Cuaternario y Geomorfolog¡a 1997, 11:51-73.
    • (1997) Cuaternario y Geomorfolog¡a , vol.11 , pp. 51-73
    • Carrión, J.S.1    Scott, L.2    Davis, O.K.3
  • 12
    • 28844468059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrogates for resilience of social-ecological systems
    • Carpenter S.R., Westley F., Turner M.G. Surrogates for resilience of social-ecological systems. Ecosystems 2005, 8:941-944.
    • (2005) Ecosystems , vol.8 , pp. 941-944
    • Carpenter, S.R.1    Westley, F.2    Turner, M.G.3
  • 13
    • 0031955112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of vegetation along the Omo River in southwest Ethiopia
    • Carr C. Patterns of vegetation along the Omo River in southwest Ethiopia. Plant Ecology 1998, 135:135-163.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.135 , pp. 135-163
    • Carr, C.1
  • 14
    • 0037199277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taphonomic study of modern pollen assemblages from dung and surface sediments in arid environments of Spain
    • Carrión J.S. A taphonomic study of modern pollen assemblages from dung and surface sediments in arid environments of Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 2002, 120:217-232.
    • (2002) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.120 , pp. 217-232
    • Carrión, J.S.1
  • 15
    • 0030426091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire during climate change in an Eastern Deciduous Forest at Devil's Bathtub, New York
    • Clark J.S., Royall P.D., Chumbley C. The role of fire during climate change in an Eastern Deciduous Forest at Devil's Bathtub, New York. Ecology 1996, 77:2148-2166.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2148-2166
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2    Chumbley, C.3
  • 16
    • 69649088664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa
    • Chase B.M., Meadows M.E., Scott L., Thomas D.S.G., Marais E., Sealy J., Reimer P.J. A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa. Geology 2009, 37:703-706.
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 703-706
    • Chase, B.M.1    Meadows, M.E.2    Scott, L.3    Thomas, D.S.G.4    Marais, E.5    Sealy, J.6    Reimer, P.J.7
  • 18
    • 0023504374 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models
    • DeAngelis D.L., Waterhouse J.C. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecological Monographs 1987, 57:1-21.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 1-21
    • DeAngelis, D.L.1    Waterhouse, J.C.2
  • 19
    • 40849113220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape change and resilience theory: a palaeoenvironmental assessment from Yunnan, SW China
    • Dearing J.A. Landscape change and resilience theory: a palaeoenvironmental assessment from Yunnan, SW China. The Holocene 2008, 18:117-127.
    • (2008) The Holocene , vol.18 , pp. 117-127
    • Dearing, J.A.1
  • 21
    • 45849099215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the sensitivity of charcoal as an indicator of fire events in savanna environments: quantitative predictions of fire proximity, area and intensity
    • Duffin K.I., Gillson L., Willis K.J. Testing the sensitivity of charcoal as an indicator of fire events in savanna environments: quantitative predictions of fire proximity, area and intensity. The Holocene 2008, 18:279-291.
    • (2008) The Holocene , vol.18 , pp. 279-291
    • Duffin, K.I.1    Gillson, L.2    Willis, K.J.3
  • 22
    • 0000187169 scopus 로고
    • Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development
    • Ellis J.E., Swift D.M. Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development. Journal of Range Management 1988, 41:450-459.
    • (1988) Journal of Range Management , vol.41 , pp. 450-459
    • Ellis, J.E.1    Swift, D.M.2
  • 26
    • 23844506179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing non-equilibrium theories in savannas: 1400 years of vegetation change in Tsavo National Park
    • Gillson L. Testing non-equilibrium theories in savannas: 1400 years of vegetation change in Tsavo National Park. Kenya. Ecological complexity 2004, 1:281-298.
    • (2004) Kenya. Ecological complexity , vol.1 , pp. 281-298
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 27
    • 14644399870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of hierarchical patch dynamics in an east African savanna? 10
    • Gillson L. Evidence of hierarchical patch dynamics in an east African savanna? 10. Landscape Ecology 2004, 19:883-894.
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 883-894
    • Gillson, L.1
  • 28
    • 34248195031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle- to late-Holocene moisture changes in the desert of northwest Namibia derived from fossil hyrax dung pollen
    • Gil-Romera G., Scott L., Marais E., Brook G.A. Middle- to late-Holocene moisture changes in the desert of northwest Namibia derived from fossil hyrax dung pollen. The Holocene 2006, 16:1073-1084.
    • (2006) The Holocene , vol.16 , pp. 1073-1084
    • Gil-Romera, G.1    Scott, L.2    Marais, E.3    Brook, G.A.4
  • 29
    • 34248232437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene environmental change in the North-western Namib desert margin: new fossil pollen evidence from hyrax middens
    • Gil-Romera G., Scott L., Marais E., Brook G.A. Late Holocene environmental change in the North-western Namib desert margin: new fossil pollen evidence from hyrax middens. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 249:1-17.
    • (2007) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.249 , pp. 1-17
    • Gil-Romera, G.1    Scott, L.2    Marais, E.3    Brook, G.A.4
  • 30
    • 0034099815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, resproputing and variability: a recipe for grass-tree coexistence in savanna
    • Higgings S.I., Bond W.A., Trollope W.S.W. Fire, resproputing and variability: a recipe for grass-tree coexistence in savanna. Journal of Ecology 2000, 88:213-229.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 213-229
    • Higgings, S.I.1    Bond, W.A.2    Trollope, W.S.W.3
  • 31
    • 0037618484 scopus 로고
    • Differential feeding behaviour of the sympatric hyrax Procavia johnstoni and Heterohyrax brucei
    • Hoeck H.N. Differential feeding behaviour of the sympatric hyrax Procavia johnstoni and Heterohyrax brucei. Oecologia 1975, 22:15-47.
    • (1975) Oecologia , vol.22 , pp. 15-47
    • Hoeck, H.N.1
  • 37
    • 0031732360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on tree:grass coexistence in semi-arid savannas
    • Jeltsch F., Milton S.J., Dean W.R.J., Rooyen N., Moloney K.A. Modelling the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on tree:grass coexistence in semi-arid savannas. Journal of Ecology 1998, 86:780-793.
    • (1998) Journal of Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 780-793
    • Jeltsch, F.1    Milton, S.J.2    Dean, W.R.J.3    Rooyen, N.4    Moloney, K.A.5
  • 38
    • 0034492132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buffering mechanisms in savannas: a unifying theory of long-term treegrass coexistence
    • Jeltsch F., Weber G., Grimm V. Buffering mechanisms in savannas: a unifying theory of long-term treegrass coexistence. Plant Ecology 2000, 150:161-171.
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.150 , pp. 161-171
    • Jeltsch, F.1    Weber, G.2    Grimm, V.3
  • 39
    • 0026302941 scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimate of the Past 4000 years at Lake Turkana, Kenya, based on the isotopic composition of authigenic calcite
    • Johnson T.C., Halfman J.D., Showers W.J. Paleoclimate of the Past 4000 years at Lake Turkana, Kenya, based on the isotopic composition of authigenic calcite. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1991, 85:189-198.
    • (1991) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.85 , pp. 189-198
    • Johnson, T.C.1    Halfman, J.D.2    Showers, W.J.3
  • 40
    • 0037371008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation response to rainfall variation and human impact in central Kenya during the past 1100 years
    • Lamb H., Darbyshire L., Verschuren D. Vegetation response to rainfall variation and human impact in central Kenya during the past 1100 years. Holocene 2003, 13:285-292.
    • (2003) Holocene , vol.13 , pp. 285-292
    • Lamb, H.1    Darbyshire, L.2    Verschuren, D.3
  • 44
    • 35748972660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SATCHMO: a spatial simulation model of growth, competition, and mortality in cycling savanna patches
    • Meyer K.M., Wiegand K., Ward D., Moustakas A. SATCHMO: a spatial simulation model of growth, competition, and mortality in cycling savanna patches. Ecological Modelling 2007, 209:377-391.
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.209 , pp. 377-391
    • Meyer, K.M.1    Wiegand, K.2    Ward, D.3    Moustakas, A.4
  • 45
    • 0028571204 scopus 로고
    • Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa and their relationship to past conditions over the continent
    • Nicholson S.E. Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa and their relationship to past conditions over the continent. The Holocene 1994, 4:121-131.
    • (1994) The Holocene , vol.4 , pp. 121-131
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 46
    • 0033694750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millenia
    • Nicholson S.E. The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millenia. Global and Planetary Change 2000, 26:137-158.
    • (2000) Global and Planetary Change , vol.26 , pp. 137-158
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 47
    • 0028995337 scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of fire and grazing on structure and diversity of Mediterranean grasslands
    • Noy-Meir I. Interactive effects of fire and grazing on structure and diversity of Mediterranean grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 1995, 6:701-710.
    • (1995) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.6 , pp. 701-710
    • Noy-Meir, I.1
  • 48
    • 0343022311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia
    • Oba G., Post E., Syvertsen P.O., Stenseth N.C. Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia. Landscape Ecology 2000, 15:535-546.
    • (2000) Landscape Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 535-546
    • Oba, G.1    Post, E.2    Syvertsen, P.O.3    Stenseth, N.C.4
  • 49
    • 41049100685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framework for participatory assessments and implementation of global environmental conventions at the community level
    • Oba G., Sjaastad E., Roba H.G. Framework for participatory assessments and implementation of global environmental conventions at the community level. Land Degradation & Development 2008, 19:65-76.
    • (2008) Land Degradation & Development , vol.19 , pp. 65-76
    • Oba, G.1    Sjaastad, E.2    Roba, H.G.3
  • 50
    • 0022857913 scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic pressures and impacts on marginal, neotropical, semiarid ecosystems: the case of south Texas
    • Rappole J.O., Russell C.E., Fulbright T.E. Anthropogenic pressures and impacts on marginal, neotropical, semiarid ecosystems: the case of south Texas. Science of the Total Environment 1986, 55:91-99.
    • (1986) Science of the Total Environment , vol.55 , pp. 91-99
    • Rappole, J.O.1    Russell, C.E.2    Fulbright, T.E.3
  • 51
    • 52049100679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Participatory indicator development: what can ecologists and local communities learn from each other
    • Reed M.S., Dougill A.J., Baker T.R. Participatory indicator development: what can ecologists and local communities learn from each other. Ecological Applications 2008, 18:1253-1269.
    • (2008) Ecological Applications , vol.18 , pp. 1253-1269
    • Reed, M.S.1    Dougill, A.J.2    Baker, T.R.3
  • 52
    • 0034105005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic, biological and socio-political forces: the case of southwestern Ethiopia
    • Reid R.S., Kruska R.L., Muthui N., Taye A., Wotton S., Wilson C.J., Mulatu W. Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic, biological and socio-political forces: the case of southwestern Ethiopia. Landscape Ecology 2000, 15:339-355.
    • (2000) Landscape Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 339-355
    • Reid, R.S.1    Kruska, R.L.2    Muthui, N.3    Taye, A.4    Wotton, S.5    Wilson, C.J.6    Mulatu, W.7
  • 56
    • 38949155145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woody cover in African savannas: the role of resources, fire and herbivory
    • Sankaran M., Ratnam J., Hanan N. Woody cover in African savannas: the role of resources, fire and herbivory. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2008, 17:236-245.
    • (2008) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.17 , pp. 236-245
    • Sankaran, M.1    Ratnam, J.2    Hanan, N.3
  • 57
    • 2542565108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited-insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models
    • Sankaran M., Ratnam J., Hanan N.P. Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited-insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models. Ecology Letters 2004, 480-490.
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , pp. 480-490
    • Sankaran, M.1    Ratnam, J.2    Hanan, N.P.3
  • 58
    • 10944230693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil hyrax dung and evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation types in the Namib desert
    • Scott L., Marais E., Brook G.A. Fossil hyrax dung and evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation types in the Namib desert. Journal of Quaternary Science 2004, 19:1-4.
    • (2004) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.19 , pp. 1-4
    • Scott, L.1    Marais, E.2    Brook, G.A.3
  • 59
    • 0027089396 scopus 로고
    • Short-term changes of climate and vegetation revealed by pollen analysis of hyrax dung in South Africa
    • Scott L., Vogel J.C. Short-term changes of climate and vegetation revealed by pollen analysis of hyrax dung in South Africa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1992, 74:283-291.
    • (1992) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.74 , pp. 283-291
    • Scott, L.1    Vogel, J.C.2
  • 60
    • 34248219494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen analysis and dating of Late Quaternary fecal deposits (hyraceum) in the Cederberg, Western Cape, South Africa
    • Scott L., Woodborne S. Pollen analysis and dating of Late Quaternary fecal deposits (hyraceum) in the Cederberg, Western Cape, South Africa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 2007, 26:941-953.
    • (2007) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.26 , pp. 941-953
    • Scott, L.1    Woodborne, S.2
  • 61
    • 0001221138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savanna
    • Cambridge University Press, R.M. Cowling, D.M. Richardson, S.M. Pierce (Eds.)
    • Scholes R.J. Savanna. Vegetation of Southern Africa 1997, 258-277. Cambridge University Press. R.M. Cowling, D.M. Richardson, S.M. Pierce (Eds.).
    • (1997) Vegetation of Southern Africa , pp. 258-277
    • Scholes, R.J.1
  • 66
    • 35448959876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fire on post-fire seed germination of selected savanna woody species
    • Shackleton C.M. The effects of fire on post-fire seed germination of selected savanna woody species. African Journal of Ecology 2007, 45:545-549.
    • (2007) African Journal of Ecology , vol.45 , pp. 545-549
    • Shackleton, C.M.1
  • 67
    • 16844377245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anthropogenic fire history on savanna vegetation in North-Eastern Namibia
    • Sheuyange A., Oba G., Weladji R.B. Effects of anthropogenic fire history on savanna vegetation in North-Eastern Namibia. Journal of Environmental Management 2005, 75:189-198.
    • (2005) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.75 , pp. 189-198
    • Sheuyange, A.1    Oba, G.2    Weladji, R.B.3
  • 69
    • 0002679993 scopus 로고
    • Determination of spore concentration with an electronic particle counter
    • Stockmarr J. Determination of spore concentration with an electronic particle counter. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse 1973, 1972:87-89.
    • (1973) Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse , vol.1972 , pp. 87-89
    • Stockmarr, J.1
  • 71
    • 0036947288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On non-equilibrium in arid and semi-arid grazing systems
    • Sullivan S., Rohde R. On non-equilibrium in arid and semi-arid grazing systems. Journal of Biogeography 2002, 29:1595-1618.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1595-1618
    • Sullivan, S.1    Rohde, R.2
  • 73
    • 78650177763 scopus 로고
    • A problem of domination at the periphery: the Kwegu and the Mursi
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, D. Donham, W. James (Eds.)
    • Turton D. A problem of domination at the periphery: the Kwegu and the Mursi. The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia: Essays in History and Social Anthropology 1986, 148-172. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. D. Donham, W. James (Eds.).
    • (1986) The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia: Essays in History and Social Anthropology , pp. 148-172
    • Turton, D.1
  • 74
    • 85085432426 scopus 로고
    • Looking for a cool place: the Mursi, 1890s to 1980s
    • Lester Crook Academic Publishing/Westview Press, London/Boulder, D.H. Johnson, D.M. Anderson (Eds.)
    • Turton D. Looking for a cool place: the Mursi, 1890s to 1980s. The Ecology of Survival: Case Studies from Northeast African History 1988, 261-282. Lester Crook Academic Publishing/Westview Press, London/Boulder. D.H. Johnson, D.M. Anderson (Eds.).
    • (1988) The Ecology of Survival: Case Studies from Northeast African History , pp. 261-282
    • Turton, D.1
  • 75
    • 85081315169 scopus 로고
    • Movement, warfare and ethnicity in the lower Omo Valley
    • Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, J. Galaty, P. Bonte (Eds.)
    • Turton D. Movement, warfare and ethnicity in the lower Omo Valley. Herders, Warriors and Traders: Pastoralism in Africa 1991, 145-170. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. J. Galaty, P. Bonte (Eds.).
    • (1991) Herders, Warriors and Traders: Pastoralism in Africa , pp. 145-170
    • Turton, D.1
  • 76
    • 78650176116 scopus 로고
    • Pastoral livelihoods in danger: cattle disease, drought and wildlife conservation in Mursiland, southwest Ethiopia. Oxfam Research Paper 12, Oxfam (UK and Ireland), Oxford.
    • Turton, D., 1995. Pastoral livelihoods in danger: cattle disease, drought and wildlife conservation in Mursiland, southwest Ethiopia. Oxfam Research Paper 12, Oxfam (UK and Ireland), Oxford.
    • (1995)
    • Turton, D.1
  • 78
    • 24044505061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meaning of place in a world of movement: lessons form long term field research in southern Ethiopia
    • Turton D. The meaning of place in a world of movement: lessons form long term field research in southern Ethiopia. Journal of Refugee Studies 2005, 18:258-280.
    • (2005) Journal of Refugee Studies , vol.18 , pp. 258-280
    • Turton, D.1
  • 79
    • 84880258246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of the different forcings on the environment in Ethiopia during the Holocene
    • Cmabridge University Press, Cambridge, P.S. Low (Ed.)
    • Umer M. The relative importance of the different forcings on the environment in Ethiopia during the Holocene. Cliamte Change and Africa 2005, 23-29. Cmabridge University Press, Cambridge. P.S. Low (Ed.).
    • (2005) Cliamte Change and Africa , pp. 23-29
    • Umer, M.1
  • 81
    • 0034719447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall and drought in equatorial east Africa during the past 1,100 years
    • Verschuren D., Laird K.R., Cumming B.F. Rainfall and drought in equatorial east Africa during the past 1,100 years. Nature 2000, 403:410-414.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 410-414
    • Verschuren, D.1    Laird, K.R.2    Cumming, B.F.3
  • 82
    • 17644406067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rangelands at equilibrium and non-equilibrium: recent developments in the debate
    • Vetter S. Rangelands at equilibrium and non-equilibrium: recent developments in the debate. Journal of Arid Environments 2005, 62:321-341.
    • (2005) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.62 , pp. 321-341
    • Vetter, S.1
  • 86
    • 24944458439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do we understand the causes of bush encroachment in African savannas?
    • Ward D. Do we understand the causes of bush encroachment in African savannas?. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 2005, 22:101-105.
    • (2005) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.22 , pp. 101-105
    • Ward, D.1
  • 87
    • 34250647519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic controls of Holocene fire patterns in southern South America
    • Whitlock C., Moreno P.I., Bartlein P. Climatic controls of Holocene fire patterns in southern South America. Quaternary Research 2007, 68:28-36.
    • (2007) Quaternary Research , vol.68 , pp. 28-36
    • Whitlock, C.1    Moreno, P.I.2    Bartlein, P.3
  • 88
    • 37349033155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of size inequality in self-thinning: a pattern-oriented simulation model for arid savannas
    • Wiegand K., Saltz D., Ward D., Levin S.A. The role of size inequality in self-thinning: a pattern-oriented simulation model for arid savannas. Ecological Modelling 2008, 210:431-445.
    • (2008) Ecological Modelling , vol.210 , pp. 431-445
    • Wiegand, K.1    Saltz, D.2    Ward, D.3    Levin, S.A.4
  • 89
    • 59449107846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush encroachment under three contrasting land-use practices in a mesic South African savanna
    • Wigley B.J., Bond W.J., Hoffman M.T. Bush encroachment under three contrasting land-use practices in a mesic South African savanna. African Journal of Ecology 2009, 47:62-70.
    • (2009) African Journal of Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 62-70
    • Wigley, B.J.1    Bond, W.J.2    Hoffman, M.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.